The oak gallwasp
Aphelonyx persica: a new record
from Turkey, with some new host records
Yusuf Katılmış&Suat Kıyak
Received: 21 May 2008 / Accepted: 13 August 2008
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008
Abstract A new record is reported of the oak gallwasp Aphelonyx persica on oaks (Quercus cerris, Q. ithaburensis, Q. trojana) in the Inland Aegean Region of Turkey. This species is recorded for the first time on Q. cerris and Q. trojana. Details are given of the geographical distribution, hosts and phenology.
Keywords Cynipidae . Inland Aegean Region . Quercus cerris . Quercus ithaburensis . Quercus trojana
The Cynipidae is one of the largest families of the Cynipoidea. About 1,400 species are known world-wide (Ronquist 1999). The number of valid species recorded from Europe and contiguous territories including North Africa and Turkey is fewer than 300 (Dalla-Torre and Kieffer 1910; Nieves-Aldrey 2001; Stone et al.2001). A recent study by Stone et al. (2008b) listed 133 oak cynipids from the Western Palaearctic. Historically, the fauna of Cynipidae from the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Turkey has been poorly studied. Despite their high species
richness in Turkey, there are very few records of Cynipidae from this country in the reference works by Dalla-Torre and Kieffer (Dalla-Torre and Kieffer1910). Published studies concern mostly oak gallwasps (tribe Cynipini), either as forest pests in Turkey (Katılmış and Kıyak2008; Kıyak et al. 2008; Schimitschek1944) or as components in broader studies of Western Palae-arctic gallwasp fauna (Atkinson et al. 2002; Stone et
al.2007,2008a; Tavakoli et al.2006).
Melika and Stone (2001) identified a new species from Turkey and Iran (Andricus askewi) and Melika et al. (2004) identified a new species from Turkey, Iran and Greece (Andricus megalucidus). In a recent study, Katılmış and Kıyak (2008) listed 81 gall-inducing wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with a new record from Turkey. Melika et al. (2004) described Aphelonyx persica on Quercus brantii (= persica) from Iran; Nieves-Aldrey and Massa (2006) recorded this species on Quercus ithaburensis in Jordan.
Aphelonyx persica galls were preserved in 70% alcohol and emerged adults were dried and pinned. The specimens are deposited in the Zoology Museum of Gazi University, Turkey.
Aphelonyx persica Melika et al. (2004)
Material Afyon province, Emirdağ district, Çatallı village, 38°57′ N 31°07′ E, 1,235 m alt, on Q. ithaburensis; Yüreğir village, 39°01′ N, 31°07′ E, 1,006 m alt, 23.IV.2007, 10.VIII.2007, 09.IX.2007,
Phytoparasitica (2009) 37:95–97 DOI 10.1007/s12600-008-0006-3
Y. Katılmış (*)
:
S. KıyakDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University,
06500 Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
on Q. ithaburensis; Başkonak village, 38°55′ N, 31°06′ E, 1,207 m alt, 10.IX.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Bayat district, Bayat lake surrounding, 38°58′ N, 30°53′ E, 1,198 m alt, 18.VI.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Sultan-dağı district, Yakasenek village, 38°32′ N, 31°10′ E, 1,234 m alt, 09.VII.2007, 13.IX.2007, on Q. cerris; Sinanpaşa (Sincanlı) district, Kırka village, 38°42′ N, 30°13′ E, 1,204 m alt, 15.VIII.2007, on Q. cerris; Sandıklı district, Otluk village (Akdağ mountain), 38°26′ N, 29°57′ E, 1,105 m alt, 12.IX.2007, on Q. cerris; Denizli province, Çivril district, Gülpınar village, 38°25′ N, 29°43′ E, 973 m alt, 13.VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Bekilli district, 38°12′ N, 29°24′ E, 813 m alt, 13.VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Buldan district–Güney district, 11 km, 38°05′ N, 28°51′ E, 597 m alt, 14.VII.2007, on Q. ithabur-ensis; Babadağ district, 37°48′ N, 28°51′ E, 745 m alt, 13.VIII.2007, on Q. cerris; Kütahya province, Frigian valley, 39°33′ E, 30°12′ N, 960 m alt, 11. VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Kütahya-Frigian valley 32 km, 39°33′ E, 30°09′ N, 960 m alt, 11.VIII.2007, 19.VIII.2007, on Q. cerris; Pullar lake surrounding, 39°20′ E, 29°49′ N, 1,213 m alt, 11.VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Gelinkaya village, 39°19′ N, 29°59′ E, 971 m alt, 10.IX.2007, on Q. cerris; Domaniç district– Tahtaköprü district 4th km Tahtaköprü forest, 39°50′ N, 29°38′ E, 1,012 m alt, 20.VI.2007, on Q. cerris; Berçin village, 39°46′ N, 29°34′ E, 864 m alt, 10. IX.2007, on Q. trojana; Gediz district, Murat mountain, 38°58′ N, 29°35′ E, 1,128 m alt, 21. VI.2007, on Q. cerris; Emet district, 39°20′ N, 29°15′ E, 954 m alt, 11.VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Şaphane district, Sofulu village, 38°58′ N, 29°11′ E, 817 m alt, 17.VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Hisarcık district–Emet district 2nd km, 39°17′ N, 29°13′ E, 742 m alt, 18. VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Tavşanlı district, Köprücek village 39°34′ E, 29°20′ N, 1,027 m alt, 18.VII.2007, on Q. cerris; Simav district, Örenli village, 39°11′ N, 28°53′ E, 832 m alt, 11.IX.2007, on Q. cerris; Uşak province, Emirfakı village, 38°44′ N, 29°12′ E, 628 m alt, 11.IX.2007, on Q. cerris; Göğen lake surrounding, 38°43′ N, 29°33′ E, 948 m alt, 13.VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Karahallı district–Sivaslı district, 12 km, 38°21′ N, 29°36′ E, 920 m alt, 22.VI.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Karahallı district, 38°21′ N, 29°36′ E, 918 m alt, 13.VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Karahallı district, Kırkyaren village, 38°20′ N, 29°25′ E, 948 m alt, 13.VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Sivaslı district, Pınarbaşı village, 38°27′ N, 29°41′ E, 948 m alt, 13.
VII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Banaz district, Kuşdemir village, 38°44′ N, 29°43′ E, 991 m alt, 15.VIII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Kızılcasöğüt village, 38°40′ N, 29°39′ E, 956 m alt, 11.IX.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Ulubey district, İnay village, 38°25′ N, 29°12′ E, 878 m alt, 16.VIII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis; Eşme district, Ahmetler village, 38°24′ N, 29°05′ E, 806 m alt, 16.VIII.2007, on Q. ithaburensis.
Hosts Quercus cerris, Quercus ithaburensis, Quercus trojana.
Phenology The galls develop throughout the summer and mature in September and October. Adults wasps emerge in March and April of the following year. World distribution Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan. Stone et al. (2008b) reported 65 oak cynipids from Turkey. Katılmış and Kıyak (2008) added nine species from the available literature from local studies with a new record on oaks in Turkey. In this study, A. persica is recorded for the first time from Turkey.
Melika et al. (2004) recorded this species on Quercus brantii in Iran. Stone et al. (2008b) recorded it on Q. brantii, Q. libani and Q. castaneifolia in Iran, Lebanon and Syria. Nieves-Aldrey and Massa (2006) found it on Q. ithaburensis in Jordan. In this study, we recorded it on Q. cerris, Q. ithaburensis and Q. trojana in Turkey. Q. cerris and Q. trojana are new host records for this species. This species was not found on Q. coccifera, Q. infectoria, Q. frainetto, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur or Q. vulcanica in the same area.
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Graham Stone and Dr. Mustafa Avcı for helping to check the literature, and Dr. Hayri Duman and Dr. Zeki Aytaç for assisting in the identification of the plant species.
References
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