İdare Hukukunda ve Ceza Hukukunda Kartellerle Mücadelede Soruşturma Yöntemleri
99
0
0
Tam metin
(2) . ø'$5(+8.8.81'$9( &(=$+8.8.81'$ .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('( .8//$1,/$1 6258ù7850$<g17(0/(5ø . . $1.$5$ .
(3) %XHVHULQWPWHOLIKDNODUÕ 5HNDEHW.XUXPXQDDLWWLU øON%DVNÕ$÷XVWRV 5HNDEHW.XUXPX$QNDUD %XNLWDSWD|QHVUOHQILNLUOHUHVHULQ\D]DUÕQDDLWWLU 5HNDEHW.XUXPXQXQJ|UúOHULQL\DQVÕWPD] WDULKLQGH 5HNDEHW.XUXPX%DúNDQ<DUGÕPFÕVÕ)HY]Lg=.$1%DúNDQOÕ÷ÕQGD 1R¶OX'DLUH%DúNDQÕ6HUGDU<$5$5 7DUNDQ(5'2ö$1+DOXN$5,<UG'Ro'U*DP]Hg=¶GHQROXúDQ 7H]'H÷HUOHQGLUPH+H\HWL|QQGHVDYXQXODQEXWH]+H\HWoH\HWHUOL EXOXQPXúYH5HNDEHW.XUXOX¶QXQ WDULKYH VD\ÕOÕ WRSODQWÕVÕQGD³5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]L´RODUDNNDEXOHGLOPLúWLU . .
(4) &DQÕP$LOHPHYH 6HYJLOL(úLPH« .
(5)
(6) ødø1'(.ø/(5 6D\ID1R 6818ù LY .,6$/70$/$5 Y *ø5øù %|OP .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('( *(/øù7ø5ø/(15(-ø0/(5 .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/(9(*(/øù7ø5ø/(15(-ø0/(5 .5ø0ø1$/5(-ø0ø19( 6$ö/$',ö,6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø1ø1 *(1(/2/$5$.7$1,7,/0$6, ø'$5ø5(-ø0ø19( 6$ö/$',ö,6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø1ø1 *(1(/2/$5$.7$1,7,/0$6, %|OP .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('(.8//$1,/$1 6258ù7850$<g17(0/(5ø .$5ù,/$ù7,50$/,$1$/ø= %ø/*øø67(0(<(7.ø6ø *HQHO2ODUDN <D]ÕOÕ%LOJLøVWHPH<HWNLVL 6|]O%LOJLøVWHPH<HWNLVL <(5ø1'(ø1&(/(0(<(7.ø6ø *HQHO2ODUDN <HULQGHøQFHOHPHgQFHVLQGH0DKNHPHGHQø]LQ$OÕQPDVÕ <HULQGHøQFHOHPHQLQøFUDVÕ øú\HUOHULQGH<HULQGHøQFHOHPH .RQXWODUGD<HULQGHøQFHOHPH %LOJLVD\DUODUGDYH'L÷HU(OHNWURQLN2UWDPODUGD <HULQGHøQFHOHPH ø/(7øùø0ø1'(1(7/(10(6ø9( 7(.1ø.$5$d/$5/$ø=/(0(<(7.ø6ø L.
(7) 8/86/$5$5$6,øù%ø5/øöø<$30$<(7.ø/(5ø .DUúÕOÕNOÕ+XNXNL<DUGÕPODúPD$QODúPDODUÕQD%DúYXUXOPDVÕ 6XoOXODUÕQøDGHVLQH'DLU$QODúPDODUÕQ .DUWHO6RUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD.XOODQÕOPDVÕ øQWHUSRO¶Q.ÕUPÕ]Õ%OWHQLQGHQ)D\GDODQPD *h05h.*ø5øùd,.,ù/$5,1,1ø=/(10(6ø<(7.ø6ø .5ø0ø1$/9(<$ø'$5ø6258ù7850$<g17(0/(5ø .8//$10$1,1.$57(//(5/('øö(5 0h&$'(/(<g17(0/(5ø1((7.ø/(5ø 3LúPDQOÕN3URJUDPODUÕQD(WNLOHUL øKEDUGD%XOXQDQODUÕQgGOOHQGLULOPHVL3URJUDPÕQD(WNLOHUL 8]ODúPD3URJUDPODUÕQD(WNLOHUL .5ø0ø1$/9(<$ø'$5ø6258ù7850$ <g17(0/(5ø.8//$10$1,1'(/ø/67$1'$5',1$ (7.ø/(5ø %|OP .$57(//(5ø1.5ø0ø1$/%ø568d2/$5$. 7$1,0/$10$6,(öø/ø0ø9( ø1*ø/7(5(g51(öø g1&(6ø'g1(0 ¶'(&203(7,7,21$&7¶ø1.$%8/hø/( ¶'((17(535,6($&7¶ø1.$%8/h $5$6,1'$.ø'g1(0 (17(535,6($&7¶ø1.$%8/h1'(1 %8*h1(.$'$58<*8/$0$ ($¶\D*|UH.DUWHO6XoXQXQ7DQÕPÕYH8QVXUODUÕ øGDULYH.ULPLQDO.DUWHO6RUXúWXUPDODUÕQÕQ %LUOLNWH<UWOPHVL .ULPLQDO5HMLPLQ6D÷ODGÕ÷Õ6RUXúWXUPD<HWNLOHUL .ULPLQDO6RUXúWXUPD<HWNLOHULQLQ.XOODQÕOPDVÕ6ÕUDVÕQGD øúELUOL÷L<NPOO÷QQøKODOL .ULPLQDO5HMLPH*HoLOPHVLQLQøQJLOWHUH¶QLQ 3LúPDQOÕN3URJUDPÕ8]ODúPDYHøKEDUFÕODUÕ gGOOHQGLUPH8\JXODPDODUÕh]HULQGHNL(WNLOHUL ($¶QÕQ8\JXODQGÕ÷Õ'|QHPHøOLúNLQ*HQHO'H÷HUOHQGLUPH . LL.
(8) %|OP 7h5.5(.$%(7+8.8.81'$ 6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø 2/$19(2/0$6,*(5(.(1 +8.8.%$.,0,1'$1'(ö(5/(1'ø50( 7h5.5(.$%(7+8.8.81'$ .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/(<g17(0/(5ø *HQHO2ODUDN %LOJLøVWHPH<HWNLVL <HULQGHøQFHOHPH<HWNLVL 7h5.+8.8.81'$$'/ø9(ø'$5ø$5$0$/$5ø/( <(5ø1'(ø1&(/(0(1ø1.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6, 7UN+XNXNXQGD$UDPD $UDPD<HWNLVL.XOODQDQ'L÷HUøGDUL2WRULWHOHULQ 8\JXODPDODUÕ <HULQGHøQFHOHPHgQFHVLQGH$UDPDø]QL$OÕQPDVÕ 7h5.5(.$%(7+8.8.81'$ .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('( .5ø0ø1$/6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø1ø1<(5ø9( 2/0$6,*(5(.(1+8.8.%$.,0,1'$1g1(5ø/(5 6218d $%675$&7 .$<1$.d$ LLL.
(9) SUNUŞ Onüç yılı aşkın bir süredir bağımsız bir idari otorite olarak faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte olan Rekabet Kurumu, 4054 sayılı Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun hükümleri çerçevesinde yaptığı uygulamalar ile piyasalarda rekabetçi bir işleyiş yönünde önemli gelişmeler sağlamış, kartelleşme ve tekelleşmeyi engellemek yönünde başarılı adımlar atmıştır. Bu başarıları sayesinde de Rekabet Kurumu, yalnızca Türkiye’deki kurumlar arasında değil, dünyadaki rekabet otoriteleri arasında da hak ettiği yeri almaya başlamıştır. Nitekim Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu ilerleme raporları ile OECD gözden geçirme raporlarında bu durum ifade edilmekte ve Kurumun ulaşmış olduğu idari kapasite ve meslekî düzey takdirle karşılanmaktadır. Rekabet Kurumunun ulaşmış olduğu bu idari kapasite ve mesleki düzeyin en önemli göstergelerinden biri de uzmanlık tezleridir. Rekabet uzman yardımcıları, üç yılı aşan meslekî çalışmalarından elde ettikleri tecrübelerini, bilimsel metodoloji ve araştırma anlayışı ışığında uzmanlık tezine dönüştürmektedirler. Rekabet hukuku, politikası ve sanayi iktisadı alanlarında hazırlanan ve gerek Rekabet Kurumu mensuplarına gerekse diğer ilgililere yönelik önemli bir kaynak niteliğini haiz olan bu tezlerden bazılarında, rekabet hukuku ve politikasının temel konu başlıklarını içeren teorik hususlar analizlerle irdelenmekte, diğerlerinde ise rekabet hukuku uygulamaları bakımından önem arz eden sektörlere ilişkin çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Bu sayede, daha önce ele alınmamış pek çok konuda değerli eserler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doktrine katkı sağlanmasının yanı sıra toplumun rekabet konusunda bilgilendirilmesi amacıyla bu eserlerin yayımlanması, rekabet otoritelerinin en önemli görevleri arasındadır. Bu görev, rekabet savunuculuğunun önemli bir parçasını da teşkil etmektedir. Böylece, Rekabet Kurumu, toplumu bilgilendirme hedefine yönelik rekabet savunuculuğu çerçevesinde, tek başına veya birlikte yürütmekte olduğu, konferanslar, sempozyumlar, eğitim ve staj programları düzenlemek gibi faaliyetlerine ilave bir etkinlikte de bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kaynak olarak kullanılabilecek yerli eserlerin son derece az olması nedeniyle değerleri bir kat daha artan tezlerini tamamlayan ve Rekabet Uzmanı unvanını alan bütün arkadaşlarımı gönülden kutluyor, tebrik ediyor ve başarılar diliyorum. Rekabet bilgi ve kültürünün gelişmesine, rekabetçi duyarlılığın artmasına önemli katkıları ve ayrıca bilimsel çalışmalar bakımından bir başvuru kaynağı olacağı inancıyla ilgili uzmanlık tezlerini kamuoyunun bilgisine sunuyoruz… Prof. Dr. Nurettin KALDIRIMCI Rekabet Kurumu Başkanı iv.
(10) .,6$/70$/$5 $% $%% $%' $ø+0 $ø+6 $7$' EN] &$ &. &0. GQ '2- ($ (&/5 ,&1 ø'0 .DQXQ .RPLV\RQ 2(&' 2)7 2- SU 5* V Y YG 9RO . $YUXSD%LUOL÷L $PHULNDQ %DURODU %LUOL÷L $PHULFDQ %DU $VVRFLDWLRQ
(11) $PHULND%LUOHúLN'HYOHWOHUL $YUXSDøQVDQ+DNODUÕ0DKNHPHVL $YUXSDøQVDQ+DNODUÕ6|]OHúPHVL $YUXSD 7RSOXOXNODUÕ $GDOHW 'LYDQÕ (XURSHDQ&RXUWRI-XVWLFH
(12) %DNÕQÕ] &RPSHWLWLRQ$FW &H]D.DQXQX &H]D0XKDNHPHVL.DQXQX 'LSQRW 'HSDUWPHQW RI -XVWLFH $%' $GDOHW %DNDQOÕ÷Õ$QWLWU|VW%LULPL (QWHUSULVH$FW (XURSHDQ&RPSHWLWLRQ/DZ5HYLHZ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RPSHWLWLRQ1HWZRUN øON 'HUHFH 0DKNHPHVL &RXUW RI )LUVW ,QVWDQFH
(13) 6D\ÕOÕ 5HNDEHWLQ .RUXQPDVÕ +DNNÕQGD .DQXQ $YUXSD.RPLV\RQX 2UJDQLVDWLRQIRU(FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQDQG 'HYHORSPHQW 2IILFHRI)DLU7UDGLQJ 2IILFLDO-RXUQDO $%5HVPL*D]HWHVL
(14) SDUDJUDI 5HVPL*D]HWH 6D\ID 9HUVXV YHGL÷HUOHUL 9ROXPH. Y.
(15)
(16) )DWPDd(/ø.. *ø5øù 5HNDEHW KXNXNXQGDNL HQ VDNÕQFDOÕ LKODO WU RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ NDUWHOOHUOH LOJLOLRODUDNoKXVXVWDUWÕúPDJ|WUPH]ELoLPGH NDEXO HGLOPHNWHGLU %XQODUGDQ LONL NDUWHOOHULQ IL\DWODUÕ \NVHOWPHN \HQLOLNoLOL÷L HQJHOOHPHN UQOHULQ oHúLWOLOL÷LQL YH NDOLWHVLQL ROXPVX] HWNLOHPHN \ROX\ODE\N HNRQRPLN ]DUDUODUGR÷XUGX÷XGXUøNLQFLVL KHPHQ KHUVHNW|UGH NDUúÕPÕ]DoÕNDQ NDUWHOOHULQ PúWHULOHULQL GúPDQODUÕ RODUDN DOJÕOD\DQ DUVÕ] ELU GR÷DODUÕQÕQ EXOXQGX÷X oQFVLVHJHOLúWLULOHQEWQVRUXúWXUPD\|QWHPOHULQHUD÷PHQNDUWHOOHULRUWD\D oÕNDUPDQÕQ VRQ GHUHFH ]RU ROGX÷XGXU %X JHUoHNOHUL NDEXO HGHUHN NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH\H JLULúHQ UHNDEHW RWRULWHOHULQLQ EDúDUÕVÕ NDUWHOOHULQ LúOH\Lú ELoLPLQL DQODPDODUÕQDYHNDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOHGHNXOODQDELOHFHNOHUL\HWNLOHULQVÕQÕUÕQDJ|UH EHOLUOHQHFHNWLU $QFDN KHU ONHQLQ NHQGLQH |]J ELU KXNXN VLVWHPLQLQ UHNDEHW NOWUQQ YH VRV\DO \DSÕVÕQÕQ EXOXQPDVÕ EX ONHOHULQ KHSVLQGH JHQHO RODUDN JHoHUOL ELU NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH UHMLPLQLQ |QJ|UOHPHPHVL VRQXFXQX GR÷XUPDNWDGÕU <LQH GH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH HQ HWNLQ \|QWHPOHULQ EHOLUOHQPHVL LoLQ DUD\Õú GHYDP HWPHNWHGLU %X DUD\Õú VRQ \ÕOODUGD $%'¶QLQ XOXVODUDUDVÕNDUWHOOHUHNDUúÕYHUGL÷LVDYDúWDHOGHHWWL÷LEDúDUÕQÕQHWNLVL\OHNULPLQDO UHMLPH GR÷UX \|QHOPLúWLU *HUoHNWHQ GH NDUWHOOHUL VXo WHPHOOL \DUJÕVDO NRQWUROH WDEL WXWDQ NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ HQ HWNLOL FD\GÕUÕFÕ RODQ KDSLV FH]DVÕQÕ LoHUPHQLQ GÕúÕQGD LOHWLúLPLQ GHQHWOHQPHVL WHNQLN DUDoODUOD L]OHPH YH XOXVODUDUDVÕ LúELUOLNOHULQHEDúYXUPDJLELVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULEDNÕPÕQGDQGDDYDQWDMOÕ\|QOHUL EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 'L÷HU \DQGDQ NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH\L LGDUL UHMLPGH VUGUPHQLQ LVHGDKDKÕ]OÕYHSUDWLNROPDNJLELVWQONOHULYDUGÕU+HULNLUHMLPEDNÕPÕQGDQ GD YXUJXODQPDVÕ JHUHNHQ QRNWD LVH SROLWLN YH WRSOXPVDO GHVWHN ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ NDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOH\H\|QHOLNG]HQOHPHOHULQNk÷ÕW]HULQGHNDOPD\DPDKNP ROGX÷XGXU %X WH]GH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH JHOLúWLULOHQ NULPLQDO UHMLP YH LGDUL UHMLP UHNDEHW RWRULWHOHULQH VD÷ODGÕNODUÕ VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHUL EDNÕPÕQGDQ LQFHOHQPLú YH XODúÕODQ VRQXoODUD J|UH 5HNDEHW .XUXPX¶QXQ NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGDPHYFXW\HWNLOHULQLQDVÕONXOODQDELOHFH÷LLKWL\DoGX\XODQ\HQL \HWNLOHUYHNDUWHOOHUOHGDKDHWNLQPFDGHOHLoLQNULPLQDOL]DV\RQXQJHUHNOLOL÷LLOH LOJLOLoÕNDUÕPODU\DSÕOPD\DoDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU . .
(17) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. %LULQFL E|OPGH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHQLQ QHGHQ JHUHNOL ROGX÷X DNWDUÕOPÕúNDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOHGHLNLWHPHO\ROQLWHOL÷LQGHNL$%'¶GHJHOLúWLULOHQ NULPLQDO UHMLP YH $YUXSD¶GD JHOLúWLULOHQ LGDUL UHMLP NÕVDFD WDQÕWÕOPÕúWÕU øNLQFL E|OPGHNDUWHOVRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGDKDQJLNULPLQDOYHLGDULVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULQLQ EXOXQGX÷X EXQODUÕQ QDVÕO X\JXODQGÕ÷Õ YH X\JXODPDGD NDUúÕODúÕODQ WHNQLN YH KXNXNL VRUXQODU '2- YH .RPLV\RQ X\JXODPDODUÕ ÕúÕ÷ÕQGD DQODWÕOPÕú NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD NULPLQDO YH\D LGDUL \|QWHPOHU NXOODQPDQÕQ SLúPDQOÕN X]ODúPDYHLKEDUSURJUDPODUÕQDYHGHOLOVWDQGDUGÕQDHWNLOHULVRUJXODQPÕúWÕU hoQF E|OPGH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH KHP NULPLQDO KHP GH LGDUL VRUXúWXUPD UHMLPOHULQL X\JXOD\DQ YH EX DQODPGD NDUPD UHMLP RODUDN QLWHOHQGLULOHELOHFHN øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ NXUGX÷X NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH VLVWHPL LQFHOHQPLúWLU 6RQ \ÕOODUGD \D\JÕQODúDQ NULPLQDOL]DV\RQ H÷LOLPLQLQ oDUSÕFÕ ELU |UQH÷LRODQøQJLOWHUH¶GHNDUWHOKXNXNXQXQJHOLúLPHYUHOHULHOHDOÕQPÕúNDUWHOOHULQ VXoRODUDNWDQÕPODPDVÕQGDQVRQUDNLG|QHPHGDLUVRQXoODURUWD\DNRQXOPXúWXU '|UGQF YH VRQ E|OPGH LVH 5HNDEHW .XUXPX¶QXQ NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD NXOODQGÕ÷Õ \HWNLOHU LUGHOHQPLú VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLQ QDVÕO GDKD YHULPOL NXOODQÕODELOHFH÷L HNVLNOLNOHULQLQ QDVÕO JLGHULOHELOHFH÷L VRUXODUÕQD FHYDSDUDQPÕúWÕU . .
(18) )DWPDd(/ø.. %g/h0 . .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('( *(/øù7ø5ø/(15(-ø0/(5 %XE|OPGHNDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOHQLQUHNDEHWKXNXNXQGDNL\HULYH|QHPL NÕVDFD DoÕNODQGÕNWDQ VRQUD NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH JHOLúWLULOHQ UHMLPOHU WDQÕWÕODFDNWÕU .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/(9(*(/øù7ø5ø/(1 5(-ø0/(5 .DUWHO D\QÕ YH\D EHQ]HU HNRQRPLN IDDOL\HWWH EXOXQDQ ED÷ÕPVÕ] WHúHEEVOHULQ DUDODUÕQGDNL UHNDEHWL NRQWURO HGHUHN RUWDN HNRQRPLN oÕNDUODUÕQÕ \NVHOWPHN DPDFÕ\OD WNHWLFL UHIDKÕQÕ YH WRSODP UHIDKÕ D]DOWDFDN úHNLOGH DQODúPDODUÕ RODUDN WDQÕPODQDELOLU .DUWHOOHULQ YDUOÕ÷Õ JHUHN $YUXSD¶GD JHUHNVH $PHULND¶GD\]\ÕOODUGDQEHULELOLQPHNOHELUOLNWHYHUGLNOHUL]DUDUODUÕQE\NO÷ VRQUDGDQDQODúÕOPÕúWÕU.DUWHO\HVLWHúHEEVOHUYHJHUoHNNLúLOHUKÕUVÕ]OÕNYH\D GRODQGÕUÕFÕOÕN \DSDQ VXoOXODU JLEL WNHWLFLOHULQ FHELQGHNL SDUD\Õ KDNVÕ] \HUH NHQGLOHULQH DNWDUPDNWDGÕUODU :KLVK 0DVVH\
(19) .DUWHOLQ GL÷HUDGLVXoODUGDQIDUNÕIDLOLQPD÷GXUXQYHIDLOOHUDUDVÕQGDNLNXVXUGD÷ÕOÕPÕQÕQ NHVLQoL]JLOHUOHEHOLUOHQHPHPHVLGLU . 1H KXNXNL QH GH JQON NXOODQÕPGD JHoHUOL WDP ELU WDQÕPÕ \DSÕODPD\DQ NDUWHO DQODúPDVÕ OLWHUDWUGH |UQHN YHULOHUHN DoÕNODQPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU EN] 5HNDEHW 7HULPOHUL 6|]O÷ $QNDUD V
(20) .DUWHOOHUL WDULI HWPHN LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ ³DoÕNKDUGFRUH´ ³UH]LOHJUHJLRXV´ ³\]V] EUD]HQ´ JLEL VÕIDWODUÕQ GD KXNXNL NDUúÕOÕNODUÕ EXOXQDPDPÕúWÕU .DUWHOL WDQÕPODPDN NROD\ GH÷LOGLU ]LUD ELU HNRQRPLVWLQ KXNXNoXQXQ YH\D SROLWLNDFÕQÕQ J|]\OH EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD ]DUDUOÕOÕN GHUHFHVL YH DKOkNL NÕQDQDELOLUOL÷LNRQXVXQGD IDUNOÕ VRQXoODUD XODúÕOPDNWDGÕU +DUGLQJ
(21) (WLPRORMLN RODUDN NDUWHO V|]F÷QQ N|NHQLQH EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD VDYDúD DUD YHUHQ HVLU GH÷LúLPL DQODúPDVÕQÕ NDUúÕODPDNLoLQNXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕDQODúÕOPDNWDGÕU$PHULND¶GDNXOODQÕODQ³WU|VW´GH\LPLQLQGHVDYDúDDUD YHULOPHVL GúPDQOÕNODUÕQ DVNÕ\D DOÕQPDVÕ DQODPÕQD JHOGL÷LQL J|] |QQH DOÕUVDN JQP]GH NDUWHOLQ NHOLPH DQODPÕQÕ UDNLSOHULQ LWWLIDN LoLQH JLUPHOHUL UHNDEHWH DUD YHUPHOHUL RODUDN EHOLUOH\HELOLUL] +DUGLQJYH-RVKXD*ORVVDU\
(22) . . .
(23) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. .DUWHOOHU UHNDEHW KXNXNX DODQÕQGDNL HQ VDNÕQFDOÕ LKODOOHUGLU 2(&'
(24) NDUWHOOHULQ HOGH HWWL÷L RUWDODPD KDNVÕ] ND]DQFÕ VDWÕú IL\DWÕQÕQ ¶X RODUDN WDKPLQ HWPLúVH GH &RQQRU YH /DQGH¶QLQ
(25) $%'¶GH ¶GDQ VRQUD RUWD\D oÕNDUÕODQ NDUWHOOHU ]HULQGHQ \DSWÕNODUÕ DQDOL]H J|UH XOXVODUDUDVÕ NDUWHOOHUGH EX RUDQ \HUHO NDUWHOOHUGH LVH RODUDN EHOLUOHQPLúWLU 6|] NRQXVX oDOÕúPDGD NDUWHOOHU LoLQ RUWDODPD GHYDPOÕOÕN VUHVL LVH \ÕO RODUDN WHVSLW HGLOPLúWLU .DUWHOOHULQ IL\DWODUÕ \DSD\ \ROODUGDQ \NVHOWHUHN \RO DoWÕNODUD ]DUDUD IL\DWODUÕQ \NVHOPHVLQGHQ GROD\Õ DUWÕN R UQ DOPDNWDQ YD]JHoHQOHULQ X÷UDGÕ÷Õ ]DUDU GD HNOHQPHOLGLU $\UÕFD PDOL\HWOHULQ GúUOPHVLQLQ WHNQLN JHOLúPHQLQ YH SD]DUD JLULúOHULQ HQJHOOHQPHVL JLEL PLNWDUÕ DVOD WDP RODUDN |OoOHPH\HFHN ]DUDUODU GD V|] NRQXVXGXU 0RQWL¶QLQ
(26) NDUWHOOHU LoLQ NXOODQGÕ÷Õ ³VHUEHVW SL\DVD HNRQRPLVLQLQ NDQVHUOHUL´ QLWHOHQGLUPHVL NDUWHOOHULQ WRSOXPD YHUGL÷L ]DUDUÕ oRN L\L LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU 6RQXoWD KLoELU HWNLQOL÷L ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ VDGHFH ]DUDUDVHEHS ROGX÷X KHUNHVoH NDEXO HGLOHQ NDUWHOOHU UHNDEHW RWRULWHOHULQLQ PFDGHOH HWPHVL JHUHNHQ HQ |QHPOL LKODO WU RODUDN J|VWHULOPHNWHGLU 3DWH :KLVK
(27) .DUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH ]RUOXN DoÕVÕQGDQ GD NDQVHUH EHQ]HWLOHELOLU =LUD GR÷DVÕ JHUH÷L JL]OL RODQ NDUWHOOHULQ QHUHGH QH ]DPDQ RUWD\D oÕNDFD÷Õ YH PGDKDOHOHUH QH FHYDS YHUHFH÷L NRQXVXQGD NHVLQ ELOJLOHUH XODúÕODPDPDNWDGÕU 0DVVH\
(28) )R[
(29) KDQJL DODQGD NDo NDUWHOLQ IDDOL\HW J|VWHUGL÷LQLQ KLoELU ]DPDQ ELOLQHPH\HFH÷LQL V|\OH\HUHN EXQD LúDUHW HWPLúWLU .DUWHOOHULQ JL]OLOLNOHULQL NRUXPDN LoLQ NRG DGODU NXOODQPDN WHúHEEV ELUOL÷L úHPVL\HVLQGHQ \DUDUODQPDN \D]ÕOÕ GHOLO EÕUDNPDPDN JLEL |QOHPOHU DOPDODUÕ \DNDODQPDODUÕQÕ GDKD GD ]RUODúWÕUPDNWDGÕU 1LWHNLP /\VLQH NDUWHOLQGH UHNDEHW KXNXNXQD X\XP NRQXVXQGD WLWL]OLN J|VWHUHQ ELU KXNXN PúDYLULQLQ ELOH NDUWHO \HVL SDWURQX YH GL÷HU oDOÕúDQODU WDUDIÕQGDQ DOGDWÕOPDVÕ VRQXFX NDUWHOGHQ KDEHUGDU RODPDPDVÕ EXQXQ LURQLN ELU |UQH÷LQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU *ULIILQ
(30) 9HUGLNOHUL ]DUDUÕQ E\NO÷ YH JL]OHQPHN LoLQ DOGÕNODUÕ |QOHPOHU NDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOHQLQJHUHNOLOL÷LNRQXVXQGDELUILNLUELUOL÷L\DUDWPÕúWÕU$QFDN EXPFDGHOHQLQQDVÕO\UWOHFH÷LNRQXVXQGDoRNWHPHO\DNODúÕP YHX\JXODPD IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ EXOXQPDNWDGÕU %LU WDUDIWD ¶OÕ \ÕOODUGDQ LWLEDUHQ NDUWHOOHUL FH]D KXNXNX DUDoODUÕ\OD NRQWURO HGHQ YH ELU \DQGDQ GD FH]DODQGÕUÕFÕ WD]PLQDW . %X7H]¶GHNXOODQÕODQNDUWHOWHULPLED]ÕND\QDNODUGD³DoÕN KDUGFRUH
(31) NDUWHO´RODUDNDGODQGÕUÕODQ YHSHUVH\DVDNODQDQIL\DWWHVSLWLSD]DUSD\ODúÕPÕDU]PLNWDUÕQÕQNRQWUROYHLKDOHOHUGHGDQÕúÕNOÕ KDUHNHW HGLOPHVLQGHQ LEDUHW RODQ LKODOOHUL NDUWHO \HVL WHULPL KHP WHúHEEVOHUGHQ KHP JHUoHN NLúLOHUGHQ ROXúDQ NDUWHO \HOHULQL NDUúÕODPDNWDGÕU .DUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH \|QWHPOHUL LIDGHVL LVH UHNDEHW RWRULWHOHULQLQ NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD NXOODQGÕNODUÕ DUDúWÕUPD \|QWHPOHULQLQ \DQÕQGD SLúPDQOÕNX]ODúPDLKEDUFÕODUÕQ|GOOHQGLULOPHVLSURJUDPODUÕQÕ IRUHQVLFHFRQRPLFVJLEL
(32) LNWLVDGL DQDOL] \|QWHPOHULQL YH UHNDEHW VDYXQXFXOX÷XQX GD LoHUPHVLQH UD÷PHQ JHQHOOLNOH DUDúWÕUPD \|QWHPOHULQLDQODWPDN]HUHNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU. . .
(33) )DWPDd(/ø.. GDYDODUÕ\OD EX NDWÕ WXWXPXQX SHUoLQOH\HQ $%' YH .DQDGD KXNXN G]HQOHUL EXOXQPDNWDGÕU'L÷HUWDUDIWD\VDNDUWHOOHUHNDUúÕ\DVDNOD\ÕFÕELUDQODPoD÷UÕúWÕUDQ ³DQWLWU|VW´ \HULQH ³UHNDEHW KXNXNX´ GH\LPLQL EHQLPVH\HUHN DPSLULN NRQX\D HNRQRPLN VRQXoODUÕ EDNÕPÕQGDQ \DNODúDQ YH VDGHFH VRQ ELUNDo RQ \ÕOGÕU NDUWHOOHULVHUWELoLPGH\DVDNOD\DQ$YUXSD\DNODúÕPÕEXOXQPDNWDGÕU +DUGLQJYH -RVKXD
(34) 6RQ\ÕOODUGDNDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOH\|QWHPLQHGDLUWDUWÕúPDODUGDNDUWHOOHUL EH\D] \DNDOÕ VXoODU RODUDN J|US FH]D KXNXNX DODQÕQGD VRUXúWXUDQ NULPLQDO UHMLPNDEDKDWRODUDNJ|USLGDUHKXNXNXNDSVDPÕQGDGH÷HUOHQGLUHQLGDULUHMLPH VWQONVD÷ODPÕúJLELJ|UQPHNWHGLU %XGXUXPNULPLQDOUHMLPLQ|QFVYHHQ |QHPOL VDYXQXFXVX RODQ $%'¶\H øQJLOWHUH -DSRQ\D %UH]LO\D YH øVUDLO JLEL GQ\DQÕQG|UWELU\DQÕQGDQONHOHULQNDWÕOPDVÕQGDQDQODúÕODELOLU .DUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH JHOLúWLULOHQ UHMLPOHU ELUoRN GH÷LúNHQLQ HWNLVLQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN úHNLOOHQPHNWHGLU %RUUHOO
(35) gUQH÷LQ NDUWHOOHUH NDUúÕ WRSOXPXQJHoPLúWHQEX\DQDWDNÕQGÕ÷ÕWDYÕUGDONHQLQVRV\RNOWUHO\DSÕVÕYH SROLWLNWHUFLKOHULHNRQRPLNJHOLúPLúOLNG]H\LYHSL\DVDPHNDQL]PDVÕQÕQLúOH\LS LúOHPHGL÷L |QHPOL ELUHU EHOLUOH\LFLGLU :LOV
(36) NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH UHMLPLQLQ JHOLúLPLQL G|UW DúDPD\D D\ÕUPDNWDGÕU øON DúDPDGD JHUoHN NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕ EXOXQPDPDNWD VDGHFH LKODOL JHOHFH÷H \|QHOLN RODUDN |QOHPH\H oDOÕúDQ X\DUÕ YH WDOLPDWODUOD \HWLQLOPHNWHGLU $YUXSD(NRQRPLN 7RSOXOX÷X¶QXQ ¶OL \ÕOODUGD XODúWÕ÷Õ LNLQFL DúDPDGD NDUWHOOHU \DVDNODQPDNWD IDNDW \DVDNODPDQÕQ GR÷UXGDQ HWNLVLFH]DODUGDQ JHoLFLED÷ÕúÕNOÕNVD÷OD\DQX\DUÕODULOH KDILIOHWLOPHNWHGLU $%¶QLQ VD\ÕOÕ .RQVH\ 7]÷ LOH XODúWÕ÷Õ oQF DúDPDGD NDUWHOOHUL \DVDNOD\DQ NXUDOODUÕQ FD\GÕUÕFÕOÕ÷Õ X\DUÕ VLVWHPLQLQ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕOPDVÕ LOH DUWÕUÕOPDNWD IDNDW VRUXPOXOXN KDOk WHúHEEVOHUOH VÕQÕUOÕ WXWXOPDNWDGÕU $%' YH .DQDGD WDUDIÕQGDQ XODúÕODQ YH øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ \DNÕQ ]DPDQGD JHoWL÷L G|UGQFDúDPDGDIL\DWWHVSLWL YHLKDOHOHUGH GDQÕúÕNOÕ KDUHNHW JLEL \DNDODQPDVÕ HQ ]RU RODQ NDUWHOOHUH \|QHOLN FD\GÕUÕFÕOÕN \DSWÕUÕPODUD KDSLV FH]DVÕQÕQHNOHQPHVL\OHJoOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU . .ULPLQDOL]DV\RQ DNÕPÕ '2-¶QLQ ¶OÕ \ÕOODUGD XOXVODUDUDVÕ NDUWHOOHUH NDUúÕ DoWÕ÷Õ VDYDúOD GR÷UXGDQ ED÷ODQWÕOÕGÕU $%' XOXVODUDUDVÕ NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH EDúDUÕ HOGH HWPHVLQLQ GL÷HU ONHOHULQLúELUOL÷LQHED÷OÕROGX÷XQXIDUNHGHUHNNULPLQDOUHMLPLQELUQXPDUDOÕVDYXQXFXVXROPXú |QFHOLNOHSLúPDQOÕNSURJUDPODUÕQÕQGDKDVRQUDLVHKDSLVFH]DVÕQÕQ\D\ÕOPDVÕLoLQoDEDVDUIHWPLúWLU 6SUDWOLQJ 'HOUDKLP
(37) $%'¶QLQ EX oDEDODUÕQÕQ 2(&'¶QLQ
(38) NDUWHOOHULoLQKDSLVFH]DVÕQÕQWDYVL\HHGLOPHVL\OHXOXVODUDUDVÕRUWDPGDVRQXoYHUGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU hONHOHULQNOWUOHULLOHUHNDEHWoLOLNG]H\OHULDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNL\LDoÕNOD\DQELUoDOÕúPDGD$%'YH øQJLOWHUH LON VÕUDGD \HU DOPÕú 7UNL\H ONH DUDVÕQGD VÕUDGD \HU DODUDN NDUWHOOHUL NULPLQDO UHMLPGHVRUXúWXUDQ-DSRQ\D0HNVLNDYH*QH\.RUHJLELONHOHULQ|QQHJHoPLúWLU$\UÕQWÕOÕELOJL LoLQEN]/HH &RXQFLO5HJXODWLRQ (&
(39) 1RRI'HFHPEHURQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHUXOHVRI FRPSHWLWLRQODLGGRZQLQ$UWLFOHVDQGRIWKH7UHDW\2-/V VD\ÕOÕ 7]NRODUDNDQÕODFDNWÕU
(40) . . .
(41) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. .DUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH IDUNOÕ DúDPDODUGD EXOXQDQ ONHOHUL D\QÕ EDNÕú DoÕVÕ LOH GH÷HUOHQGLUPHN YH EWQ ONHOHUH KLWDS HGHQ ELU NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH UHMLPL VXQPDN PPNQ GH÷LOGLU $QFDN RUWD\D oÕNDUÕODQ NDUWHO VD\ÕVÕQD YH VD÷ODQDQ |]HO YH JHQHO
(42) FD\GÕUÕFÕOÕ÷D EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH HQ EDúDUÕOÕ VRQXoODUÕ NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ YHUGL÷L DQODúÕOPDNWDGÕU )R[
(43) .ULPLQDO VLVWHPLQ EDúDUÕVÕ LGDUL UHMLPL \|QOHQGLUPHVLQH YH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH\H |QGHUOLN HWPHVLQH \RO DoPÕúWÕU &RQQRU &VHUHV YG
(44) .5ø0ø1$/5(-ø0ø19( 6$ö/$',ö,6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø1ø1 *(1(/2/$5$.7$1,7,/0$6, .DUWHOOHUL \DVDNOD\DQ LON KXNXN G]HQOHUL ¶GD .DQDGD YH ¶GD 6KHUPDQ .DQXQX¶QX oÕNDUDQ $%' ROPXúWXU .ULPLQDO UHMLPLQ LON WHPVLOFLOHUL RODQEXONHOHUGH NDUWHO KHP JHUoHN KHPW]HO NLúLOHULQVRUXPOXWXWXOGX÷XELU VXoRODUDNNDEXOHGLOPLúVHGHNDUWHOOHUOHPFDGHOHGH VL\DVLGHVWHNYHNDPXR\X GHVWH÷L|]HOOLNOH ¶OL\ÕOODUGDQLWLEDUHQVD÷ODQDELOPLúWLU %DNHU
(45) :LOV¶H J|UH
(46) NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ DOWÕ D\ÕUW HGLFL |]HOOL÷L YDUGÕU EXQODU .DUWHO\HOHULQLQKDSLVFH]DVÕ\ODFH]DODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ .DUWHO\HOHULQLQVXoLúOHPHVDLNL\OHNDVÕWOÕKDUHNHWHWWLNOHULQLQNDEXO .DUWHONXUXOPDVÕQÕQDKOkNHQNÕQDQDQELUGDYUDQÕúRODUDNDOJÕODQPDVÕ 2UWD\DoÕNDQ]DUDUODYHULOHQFH]DDUDVÕQGDJHYúHNELUED÷EXOXQPDVÕ .DUWHOOHULQFH]DKXNXNXQXQLONHYHDUDoODUÕ\ODVRUXúWXUXOPDVÕYH 6DYXQPDQÕQ FH]D KXNXNXQXQ VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ KDN YH JYHQFHOHUH VDKLS ROPDVÕGÕU .ULPLQDO UHMLPGH NDUWHOOHULQ VRUXúWXUXOPDVÕ VDYFÕODU YH NROOXN NXYYHWOHUL VRQD HUGLULOPHVL YH FH]DODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ LVH PDKNHPHOHU HOL\OH JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHNWHGLU .DUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD FH]D KXNXNXQXQ JHQHO SUHQVLSOHULQGHQ RODQ VRUXúWXUPDQÕQ JL]OLOL÷L LONHVL JHoHUOL ROGX÷XQGDQ WDUDIODU NHQGLOHUL\OH LOJLOL HOGH HGLOHQ ELOJL YH GHOLOOHUL ELOPHPHNWH GROD\ÕVÕ\OD ELU EHOLUVL]OLN YH JYHQVL]OLN RUWDPÕQD VUNOHQPHNWHGLU %X LVH WDUDIODUÕ LúELUOL÷L \DSPD\D \|QHOWPHNWHGLU '2- VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQ JL]OLOL÷L LONHVL LOH SLúPDQOÕN YH X]ODúPD SURJUDPODUÕ VD\HVLQGH WXWXNOX DoPD]ÕQGDQ SULVRQHUV GLOHPPD
(47) . 6KHUPDQ$FW 86&±. . .
(48) )DWPDd(/ø.. ID\GDODQPDNWDYH³LWLLWHNÕUGÕUPD´ GRJHDWGRJ
(49) SROLWLNDVÕL]OHPHNWHGLU %DNHU 'HOUDKLP
(50) .ULPLQDO UHMLPLQ HQ |QHPOL |]HOOL÷L SDUD FH]DVÕQÕQ \DQÕQGD KDSLV FH]DVÕQD GD \HU YHUPHVLGLU 5RVRFKRZLF]
(51) UHNDEHW LKODOOHUL EDNÕPÕQGDQ FD\GÕUÕFÕOÕ÷ÕQ VD÷ODQPDVÕQGD KDSLV FH]DODUÕ NDGDU HWNLOL ELU \DSWÕUÕPÕQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU +DPPRQG
(52) LVH KDSLV FH]DVÕQÕQ SDUD FH]DVÕQD VWQO÷Q LIDGH HGHUNHQ NLúLOHULQ |]JUO÷QH IL\DW ELoLOHPH\HFH÷LQHGLNNDWoHNPHNWHGLU .ULPLQDO UHMLPLQ ELU GL÷HU DYDQWDMÕ FH]D KXNXNXQD DLW VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLNXOODQÕODELOLUNÕOPDVÕGÕU6ÕNÕXVXONRúXOODUÕQDX\PDQÕQJHUHNOLOL÷LYH PDKNHPHOHUGH VUHFLQ X]XQ VUHGH VRQXoODQPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ WHUFLK HGLOPHVLQLQ VHEHEL VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLQ LKODOLQ LVSDWÕQGD GDKD JHQLú LPNkQODU VD÷ODPDVÕGÕU 'DKD |]O ELU DQODWÕPODNULPLQDOUHMLPGDKDX]XQYH]RUELU\ROGDQJLWPH\LJHUHNWLUPHNWH\VH GH KHGHIHXODúPDGD GDKD NHVLQVRQXoODUYDDWHWPHNWHGLU.ULPLQDOVRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQHNÕVDFDGH÷LQLOHFHNROXUVD .DUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD HQ VÕN EDúYXUXODQ VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHUL ELOJL LVWHPH YH \HULQGH LQFHOHPHGLU .ULPLQDO UHMLPGH '2- \UWW÷ NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGDKDNNÕQGDVRUXúWXUPDDoÕODQVDQÕNODUÕYHNRQXKDNNÕQGDELOJLVL RODELOHFHN WDQÕNODUÕ GLQOHPH \HPLQOL LIDGH DOPD YH EHOJH LVWHPH \HWNLOHULQH VDKLSWLU <HULQGH LQFHOHPH \HWNLVL LVH $%'¶GH )%, DMDQODUÕQFD NXOODQÕOPDNWD VLODKOÕDMDQODUKHUKDQJLELUHQJHOOHPH\OH NDUúÕODúPDODUÕKDOLQGH RUDQWÕOÕOÕN LONHVL oHUoHYHVLQGH Jo NXOODQDELOPHNWHGLU .HNHYL
(53) \ÕOÕQGDQ EHUL NDUWHOOHUL NULPLQDO UHMLPGH VRUXúWXUDQ øUODQGD 5HNDEHW 2WRULWHVL GH \HULQGH LQFHOHPHOHUGHKHPEQ\HVLQGHLVWLKGDPHGLOHQSROLVOHUGHQKHPGHGRODQGÕUÕFÕOÕN VXoODUÕQÕVRUXúWXUDQSROLVELULPLQGHQ\DUDUODQPDNWDGÕU &DOYDQL
(54) .ULPLQDOUHMLPLQVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULNRQXVXQGDVWQONVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕDVÕO DODQ LVH WHOHIRQ GLQOHPH WHNQLN DUDoODUOD L]OHPH PXKELU NXOODQÕOPDVÕ JPUN JLULú oÕNÕúODUÕQÕQ L]OHQPHVL øQWHUSRO¶Q .ÕUPÕ]Õ %OWHQL¶QGHQ ID\GDODQÕOPDVÕ VXoOXODUÕQ LDGHVL SURVHGUQQ LúOHWLOPHVL JLEL ³\HQL QHVLO´ GHQLOHELOHFHN \HWNLOHUGHQROXúPDNWDGÕU +DPPRQG
(55) .ULPLQDOVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULQLQ oR÷X NDUWHOOHULQ ELU VXo RODUDN WDQÕPODQPDVÕ KDOLQGH NXOODQÕODELOPHNWHGLU gUQH÷LQ WHOHIRQ GLQOHPH YH WHNQLN DUDoODUOD L]OHPH DQFDN FH]D KXNXNXQXQ. . $%'¶GHNDUWHO\HVLWHúHEEVOHUH$%'GRODUÕQDNDGDUSDUDFH]DVÕYH]DUDUÕQoNDWÕ WXWDUÕQGD WD]PLQDW |GHPH \NPOO÷ JHWLULOHELOPHNWH JHUoHN NLúLOHUH\VH $%' 'RODUÕQDNDGDUSDUDFH]DVÕYH\ÕODNDGDUKDSLVFH]DVÕYHULOHELOPHNWHGLU :HUGHQ
(56) . . .
(57) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕXVXOJYHQFHOHULDOWÕQGDYHEHOLUOLELUKDSLVFH]DVÕHúL÷LQLDúDQVXoODU LoLQ|QJ|UOHELOHFHNNULPLQDOWHNQLNOHUGLU %X \HWNLOHULQ \DUDWWÕ÷Õ IDUN ELU |UQHN ]HULQGHQ DoÕNODQDFDN ROXUVD PDULQH KRVH NDUWHOL SLúPDQOÕN SURJUDPÕQGDQ \DUDUODQDQ NDUWHO \HVLQLQ oD÷UÕVÕ\OD 0D\ÕV ¶GH 7HNVDV+RXVWRQ¶GD \DSÕODQ NDUWHO WRSODQWÕVÕQÕQ )%, WDUDIÕQGDQJL]OLFHYLGHR\DND\GHGLOPHVLYHHUWHVLJQ\DSÕODQHú]DPDQOÕ\HULQGH LQFHOHPHOHUOHWRSODQWÕ\DNDWÕODQøQJLOL])UDQVÕ]øWDO\DQYH-DSRQLúDGDPODUÕQGDQ ROXúDQ VHNL] úLUNHW \|QHWLFLVLQLQ WXWXNODQPDVÕ\OD RUWD\D oÕNDUÕOPÕúWÕU &KDYH]
(58) %XVRUXúWXUPD\ODLOJLOL RODUDNXOXVODUDUDVÕDUHQDGD\DSÕODQLúELUOLNOHUL \HQLQHVLOVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULQLQJHOGL÷LDúDPD\ÕJ|VWHUPHVLEDNÕPÕQGDQGLNNDW oHNLFLGLU .ULPLQDO \HWNLOHU |QFHOLNOH NDUWHOOHULQ \DNDODQPD ULVNLQL \NVHOWPHNWHGLU )R[
(59) %XQD LODYHWHQ \DNDODQPD ULVNLQLQ \NVHN ROPDVÕSLúPDQOÕNSURJUDPODUÕQDEDúYXUXODUÕWHWLNOHPHNWHKDSLVFH]DVÕQÕ\DNÕQYH FLGGL ELU WHKGLGH G|QúWUPHNWH YH VDQÕNODUÕQ VXoODUÕQÕ NDEXO HGHUHN X]ODúPD \ROXQD JLWPHVLQL VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU %WQ EX HWNHQOHU VD\HVLQGH $%'¶GH NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕX]XQVUHQPDVUDIOÕYH]DKPHWOLGDYDDúDPDVÕQDKLoJHoLOPHGHQ X]ODúPD DQODúPDODUÕ\OD VRQD HUGLULOHELOPHNWHGLU %|\OHFH NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ VRUXúWXUPD YH NDUDU YHUPH VUHFLQL X]DWDFD÷Õ \|QQGHNL HQGLúHOHU $%'¶QLQ NHQGLQH |]J VLVWHPL LoLQGH RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕODELOPLúWLU .ULPLQDO UHMLPGH VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLQ SLúPDQOÕN SURJUDPÕQÕQ X]ODúPD VLVWHPLQLQ YH |]HO KXNXN X\JXODPDVÕQÕQ NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH ROXúWXUXOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ EWQQ SDUoDODUÕRODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLJHUHNPHNWHGLU 5HLQGO
(60) 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD EXQODUÕQWHNWHNGH÷LOELUDUDGDHQHWNLQVRQXFXYHUGL÷LJ|]DUGÕHGLOPHPHOLGLU $\UÕFD NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ EDúDUÕVÕQGD WRSOXPVDO GHVWHN YH \DUJÕODPD PDNDPODUÕQÕQ NDWNÕVÕ GD |QHPOL ELUHU EHOLUOH\LFLGLU .RYDFLF
(61) %XQODU ROPDGDQX]XQVUHGHQEHULNDUWHOOHULFH]DKXNXNXDODQÕQDDOPD\ÕWDUWÕúDQ1RUYHo YH 7D\YDQ¶GD ROGX÷X ]HUH NULPLQDOL]DV\RQXQ YH\D KDSLV FH]DODUÕQÕQ KD\DWD JHoLULOPHVLPPNQGH÷LOGLU 5HLQGO
(62) . 7HNQLN WDNLS YH WHOHIRQ GLQOHPH JLEL NULPLQDO DUDúWÕUPD WHNQLNOHUL ED]Õ KXNXN VLVWHPOHULQGH EHOLUOLELUFH]DHúL÷LQLQ\XNDUÕVÕLoLQED]ÕKXNXNVLVWHPOHULQGHLVHVDGHFHNDQXQGDVD\ÕODQVXoODUÕQ VRUXúWXUXOPDVÕQGD|QJ|UOPHNWHGLU&H]DHúL÷LVLVWHPLQLEHQLPVH\HQONHOHUHøQJLOWHUHYHøUODQGD VD\PDVLVWHPLQLEHQLPVH\HQONHOHUH$%'YH7UNL\H|UQHNJ|VWHULOHELOLU 0DULQH KRVH |]HOOLNOH VDYXQPD VDQD\L DODQÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ ELU WU SHWURO ERUXVX ROXS SHWUROQ DNWDUÕOPDVÕYHGHSRODQPDVÕQGDLúH\DUDPDNWDGÕU .ULPLQDOUHMLPLQ |QFV RODQ $%'¶GH NDUWHOGHQ ]DUDU J|UHQOHULQ DoWÕ÷Õ FH]DODQGÕUÕFÕWD]PLQDW GDYDODUÕGDHWNLOLELUPFDGHOH\|QWHPLGLU &VHUHVYG
(63) . . .
(64) )DWPDd(/ø.. ø'$5ø5(-ø0ø19( 6$ö/$',ö,6258ù7850$<(7.ø/(5ø1ø1 *(1(/2/$5$.7$1,7,/0$6, $YUXSD¶GD NDUWHO KXNXNXQXQ JHOLúLPLQH EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD \]\ÕOÕQ LON \DUÕVÕQGD %LULQFL YH øNLQFL 'Q\D 6DYDúODUÕQÕQ HWNLVL\OH o|NHQ HNRQRPLN VLVWHPOHULQL NDONÕQGÕUPD\D oDOÕúDQ KNPHWOHULQ NDUWHOOHUL FHVDUHWOHQGLUHQ ELU \DNODúÕP LoLQGH ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU +DUGLQJ
(65) $YUXSD¶QÕQ RUWDN YH WHN ELU SD]DU ROPDVÕ ILNULQLQ EHQLPVHQPHVLQGHQ VRQUD LVH NDUWHO NDUúÕWÕ SROLWLNDODUJoOHQPLúWLU$YUXSDONHOHULQLQLONNDUWHO NDQXQODUÕ ¶OL \ÕOODUGD NDEXOHGLOPLúVHGHNDUWHODQODúPDODUÕQÕQWHVFLOHWWLULOPHVLQLQYHQDGLUHQGHROVD LGDUHFHX\JXQ J|UOPH\HQ NDUWHOOHUHSDUDFH]DVÕX\JXODQPDVÕQÕQ |WHVLQH JHoHQ ELU KXNXN X\JXODPDVÕ ROPDPÕúWÕU $YUXSD¶GD NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH WHN SD]DU GúQFHVL LOH ELUOLNWH JHOLúWL÷LQGHQ J|UHYLQ KDONWDQ ]L\DGH KNPHWOHUH YH $YUXSD.RPLV\RQX¶QD .RPLV\RQ
(66) GúW÷YHE|\OHFHLGDULUHMLPLQWDVDUODQGÕ÷Õ J|UOPHNWHGLU øGDUL UHMLP NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH\L LGDUL NXUXPODU HOL\OH LGDUH KXNXNX DUDo YH XVXOOHUL\OH \UWPHNWHGLU øGDUL UHMLPGH NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕ EDúÕQGDQ VRQXQDNDGDULGDUL|UJWOHQPHLoLQGH\HUDODQUHNDEHWRWRULWHVLQFH\UWOPHNWH YHQLKDLNDUDUODUGD\LQHD\QÕRWRULWHQLQLGDULNDUDUODUÕRODUDNDOÕQPDNWDGÕUøGDUL VRUXúWXUPD WHNQLNOHUL $%'¶GH )%, WDUDIÕQGDQ X\JXODQDQ LOHWLúLPLQ GHQHWOHQPHVL YH WHNQLN DUDoODUOD L]OHPH JLEL FH]D KXNXNX WHPHOOL VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHUL\OH D\QÕ SURIHV\RQHO G]H\GH GH÷LOGLU YH ROPDVÕ GD EHNOHQPHPHOLGLU &VHUHVYG
(67) gWH\DQGDQ NDSVDPÕ YHVÕQÕUODUÕONHGHQ ONH\H GH÷LúHQ \DUJÕVDO GHQHWLP LVH NDUDUÕQ DOÕQPDVÕQÕQ DUGÕQGDQ GHYUH\H JLUPHNWHGLU .DOEIOHLVFK
(68) $YUXSD¶GD \DUJÕODPD PDNDPODUÕQÕQ NDUWHOL ELU VXo RODUDNNDEXOHWPHNWHNLLVWHNVL]OLNOHULUHNDEHWKXNXNXQGDX]PDQODúPDHNVLNOL÷L YH .RPLV\RQ¶OD LOLúNLOHULQ \UWOPHVLQGH NROD\OÕN VD÷ODPDVÕ JHUHNoHOHUL\OH $YUXSDJHQHOLQGH LGDULUHMLPLQWHUFLK HGLOPHVLQLQ GDKDRSWLPDO ROGX÷XQX LIDGH HWPHNWHGLU øGDUL UHMLP VRUXúWXUPDQÕQ NDUDU DOPD LOH D\QÕ ELULP WDUDIÕQGDQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL QHGHQL\OH PDOL\HW YH KÕ]OÕOÕN EDNÕPÕQGDQ DYDQWDM ND]DQGÕUPDNWDGÕU 5HLQG
(69) $QFDN EX GXUXP VRUXúWXUPDFÕODUÕQ. . %XQD NDUúÕQ %LULQFL 'Q\D 6DYDúÕ VRQUDVÕQGD $%'¶QLQ HWNLVLQGH NDODQ $OPDQ\D LON NDUWHO NDQXQXQX ¶WH\UUO÷HNR\PXúWXU :LOV
(70) %XWH]LQKD]ÕUODQGÕ÷ÕYHVDYXQXOGX÷XWDULKWH$7UHNDEHWKXNXNXQGDNDUWHOOHUOHLOJLOLWHPHONXUDO 5RPD $QWODúPDVÕ¶QÕQ PDGGHVL LNHQ \D\ÕPODQDUDN \\UO÷H JLUHQ /L]ERQ $QWODúPDVÕ¶QÕQ PDGGHVL 2- &
(71) LoHULN RODUDN GH÷LúLNOLN JHWLUPHPHNOH ELUOLNWH5RPD$QWODúPDVÕ¶QÕQ\HULQLDOPÕúWÕU. . .
(72) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. |Q\DUJÕOÕ KDUHNHW HWPHVLQH SURVHFXWRULDO ELDV
(73) \RO DoDFD÷ÕQGDQ NDUDU YHUPH LúOHYLQLQED÷ÕPVÕ]ELUPDKNHPH\HEÕUDNÕOPDVÕJHUHNWL÷L|QHVUOPHNWHGLU :LOV
(74) 'L÷HU \DQGDQ .RPLV\RQ¶XQ o IRQNVL\RQX ELUOLNWH X\JXODPDVÕ VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQL NXOODQDUDN GHOLO HOGH HWPHVL GHOLOOHUL GH÷HUOHQGLUHUHN LGGLD\Õ RUWD\D NR\PDVÕ YH NDUDU DOPDVÕ
(75) $ø+6¶QLQ DGLO \DUJÕODQPD KDNNÕQÕ G]HQOH\HQ PDGGHVL LOH LOJLOL WDUWÕúPDODUD VHEHS ROPDNWDGÕU $QFDN LGDUL UHMLPGH VRUXúWXUPD YH NDUDU YHUPH ELULPOHULQLQ D\UÕOPDVÕ PDOL\HW DYDQWDMÕQÕ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUDFDN YH EX ELULPOHULQ NRQX\X SHú SHúH DQODPD\DoDOÕúPDVÕELUoRNVUHFLQNDoÕQÕOPD]RODUDNWHNUDUÕQDYH]DPDQND\EÕQD \RO DoDFDNWÕU :LOV
(76) ED÷ÕPVÕ] YH WDUDIVÕ] PDKNHPH VWDWVQGHEXOXQPDVDGD.RPLV\RQ¶XQEXIRQNVL\RQODUÕELUOLNWH NXOODQPDVÕQÕQ $ø+6¶QLQ PDGGHVLQH D\NÕUÕ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPHNWHGLU $VOÕQGD EX VRQXFD $ø+0¶QLQ YH $7$'¶ÕQ HWNLQOLN YHXVXO HNRQRPLVL JHUHNoHOHUL\OH PDGGHQLQ JHQLú DQODPÕ oHUoHYHVLQGH ³NULPLQDO´ VD\ÕODQ NDUWHOOHULQ VRUXúWXUXOPDVÕ YH FH]DODQGÕUÕOPDVÕQGDLGDULRWRULWHOHULQ\HWNLOHQGLULOHELOHFH÷L\|QQGHNLLoWLKDWODUÕ \RUXPODQDUDN YDUÕOPDNWDGÕU $QFDN EXQXQ NDEXO HGLOHELOPHVL LoLQ LOJLOL NLúLOHUH KDNODUÕQGDNL LGDUL NDUDUD NDUúÕ PDGGHQLQ VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ WP JYHQFHOHUL NXOODQDELOHFHNOHULWDPELU\DUJÕVDOGHQHWLP IXOOMXULVGLFWLRQDOUHYLHZ
(77) \DSDQELU PDKNHPHGHGDYDDoPDKDNNÕWDQÕQPDOÕGÕU . øGGLD PDNDPÕ |Q\DUJÕVÕ SURVHFXWRULDO ELDV
(78) PHVOH÷L LKODOOHUL RUWD\D oÕNDUPDN RODQ NLúLOHULQ WDUDIVÕ]ELUEDNÕúDoÕVÕ\OD\DNODúÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDKXNXNDD\NÕUÕRODUDNQLWHOHQGLULOPH\HFHNPHVHOHOHULELOH LKODONDSVDPÕQDVRNPD\DoDOÕúPDODUÕúHNOLQGHWDQÕPODQDELOLU6RUXúWXUPDFÕODUÕQ|Q\DUJÕOÕKDUHNHW HWPHOHUL SURIHV\RQHO PHVOHN LONHOHUL YH\D Lo GHQHWLP JLEL YDVÕWDODUOD D]DOWÕODELOLUVH GH WDPDPHQ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕODPDPDNWDGÕU 2\VD EX SUREOHP NDUDU YHUPH ELULPLQLQ VRUXúWXUPD\Õ \UWHQ ELULPGHQD\UÕOGÕ÷ÕVLVWHPOHUGHRUWD\DoÕNPDPDNWDGÕUøGDULUHMLPGHLKODOLLGGLDHGHQOHUOHEXLGGLD KDNNÕQGD NDUDU YHUHQOHULQ JHQHOGH IDUNOÕ NLúLOHU ROGX÷X EXQXQ GD WDUDIVÕ]OÕN VRUXQXQX JLGHUHELOHFH÷L GúQOHELOLUVH GH WDP DQODPÕ\OD WDUDIVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQ VD÷ODQDELOPHVL LoLQ KHU EDNÕPGDQ ELUELULQGHQED÷ÕPVÕ]RUJDQODUÕQYDUOÕ÷ÕJHUHNPHNWHGLU.DUDUODUÕQVRQUDGDQ\DUJÕVDOGHQHWLPHWDEL WXWXOPDVÕ LVH DUDGD JHoHQ ]DPDQ YH PDKNHPHQLQ \DSWÕ÷Õ LQFHOHPHQLQ HNVLNOLNOHU LoHUPHVL VHEHSOHUL\OHD\QÕROXPOXVRQXoODUÕGR÷XUPD\D\HWHUOLGH÷LOGLU$\UÕQWÕOÕELOJLLoLQEN]:LOV .DUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕ VRQXFXQGD YHULOHQ SDUD FH]DODUÕQÕQ ³NULPLQDO´ RODUDN QLWHOHQGLULOPHVL VD\ÕOÕ7]N¶QPDGGHVLQLQIÕNUDVÕQGDWDPDNVL\|QGHKNPEXOXQPDVÕQDUD÷PHQ
(79) $ø+0¶QLQ LoWLKDWODUÕ\OD RUWD\D oÕNDQ ELU VRQXoWXU $ø+0 EX QLWHOHQGLUPH\L Lo KXNXN G]HQOHPHOHUL\OH ED÷OÕ ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ VRPXW ROD\ÕQ QLWHOLNOHULQH J|UH \DSPDNWDGÕU .HUVH YH .KDQ
(80) $ø+0$ø+6¶QLQPDGGHVLoHUoHYHVLQGHúXNRúXOODUÕWDúÕ\DQLGDULVRUXúWXUPDODUÕQ ³NULPLQDO´QLWHOLNWHROGX÷XQXNDEXOHWPHNWHGLU :LOV
(81) L
(82) *HQHOELULKODOWDQÕPÕ\DSDQ YH KHUNHVH X\JXODQDQ QRUPODU V|] NRQXVX\VD LL
(83) øKODOH ED÷ODQDQ LGDUL SDUD FH]DVÕ WD]PLQ HGLFLOLNWHQ]L\DGHFD\GÕUÕFÕOÕ÷D\|QHOLNVHYH LLL
(84) øGDULSDUDFH]DVÕD÷ÕUVD $QÕODQLoWLKDWODULoLQEN]$7$'+OVY&RPPLVVLRQ&DVH& 3> @(&5SU $ø+0 /H&RPSWH9DQ/HXYHQYH'H0H\HUHY%HOoLND$SU $ø+0 $OEHUWYH/H&RPSWHY%HOoLND$SU $ø+0 %HQGHQRXQY)UDQVD $SU. . .
(85) )DWPDd(/ø.. øGDUL UHMLPGH QHWLFHOHUL LWLEDUÕ\OD ³NULPLQDO´ RODUDN QLWHOHQGLULOHQ LKODO LGGLDODUÕ LGDUH KXNXNX HVDV YH XVXOOHULQH J|UH o|]OPH\H oDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU %X GXUXP RUWD\D oÕNDQ VRUXQODUÕQ o|]PQGH NULPLQDO VLVWHPGH WDVDUODQPÕú RODQ SLúPDQOÕNYH\DX]ODúPDJLEL\HQLDUDoODUÕQNDEXOHGLOPHVLQHYHJLGHUHNNULPLQDO UHMLPH\DNODúÕOPDVÕQDQHGHQROPDNWDGÕU$UDOÕN ¶GHNDUWHOVRUXúWXUPDODUÕ ]HULQGH\R÷XQODúPDNLoLQ|]HO.DUWHO'DLUHVLQL 8QLW(
(86) NXUDQVD\ÕOÕ 7]NLOHVRUXúWXUPD\HWNLOHULQL JoOHQGLUHQ YHXOXVDOUHNDEHW RWRULWHOHULQH PDGGH\L GR÷UXGDQ X\JXODPD \HWNLVL YHUHQ .RPLV\RQ E|\OHFH HQ D÷ÕU UHNDEHW LKODOOHULQH \R÷XQODúPD\Õ DPDoODPDNWDGÕU 9HQLW
(87) 'L÷HU \DQGDQ NDUWHOOHUH \DNDODQPDODUÕ KDOLQGH NHQGLOHULQL EHNOH\HQ VRQXoODUÕQ FLGGL\HWLQL J|VWHUHELOPHN DGÕQD PHYFXW SDUD FH]DODUÕQÕQ D÷ÕUODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ ELUH\OHULQ SDUD FH]DVÕ \DQÕQGD KDSLV FH]DVÕ\OD GD FH]DODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ :LOV 2(&'
(88) YH $YUXSD¶GD |]HO KXNXN X\JXODPDVÕQÕQ FDQODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ WDUWÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU ¶GH \UUO÷H JLUHQ X]ODúPD SURJUDPÕ\OD NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH ELU HNVLNOL÷LQL GDKD WDPDPOD\DQ .RPLV\RQ LoLQ ELU VRQUDNL DGÕP VRUXPOXOX÷XELUH\VHOOHúWLUPHNVXUHWL\OHFD\GÕUÕFÕOÕ÷Õ\NVHOWPHNRODELOLU $QFDN VRUXPOXOX÷X ELUH\VHOOHúWLUPHN FH]D KXNXNX DUDo YH XVXOOHULQLQ NDEXOQJHUHNWLUPHNWHGLU)RUUHVWHU
(89) .RPLV\RQ¶XQELOJLLVWHPH YH \HULQGH LQFHOHPH \HWNLOHULQGHQ LEDUHW RODQ PHYFXW LGDUL VRUXúWXUPD VLVWHPLQLQ GH\LP \HULQGH\VH ³GR÷DO VÕQÕUODUÕQD XODúWÕ÷ÕQÕ´ EHOLUWPHNWHGLU <D]DUD J|UH PHYFXW VLVWHPH HNOHQHELOHFHN VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHUL LODYH SLúPDQOÕN YH LKEDUFÕODUÕQ |GOOHQGLULOPHVLQGHQ LEDUHWWLU %XQXQ |WHVLQGH \HQL VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLQ NDEXO HGLOHELOPHVL LoLQ UHNDEHW KXNXNX LKODOOHULQLQ NULPLQDOL]H HGLOPHVLYHGDKDVÕNÕXVXONXUDOODUÕJHWLULOPHVLJHUHNPHNWHGLU-RVKXD
(90) GD NDUWHOOHULQ JLWWLNoH \HUDOWÕQD LQPHVL NDUúÕVÕQGD .RPLV\RQ¶XQ VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQLQ \HWHUVL] NDODFD÷ÕQÕ EXQXQ |QOHQPHVLQLQ LVH GDKD PGDKDOHFL RODQ FH]D PXKDNHPHVL VUHFLQH \DNODúÕOPDVÕ YH NDUWHOGHQ VRUXPOX RODQ ELUH\OHU ]HULQGHNLEDVNÕQÕQDUWÕUÕOPDVÕLOHPPNQRODFD÷ÕQÕLIDGHHWPHNWHGLU %XQXQOD ELUOLNWH $7 UHNDEHW KXNXNX EDNÕPÕQGDQ VRUXúWXUPD WHNQLNOHULQLQYHELUH\VHOVRUXPOXOX÷XQFH]DKXNXNXQXQNDSVDPÕQDDOÕQPDVÕLoLQ KHQ] JHUHNOL KXNXNL DOW\DSÕQÕQ EXOXQGX÷XQX V|\OHPHN PPNQ GH÷LOGLU . VD\ÕOÕ7]N¶QPDGGH\L\HGHYOHWOHULQGR÷UXGDQX\JXODPDVÕQDDoPDVÕQÕQ|QHPOL VHEHSOHULQGHQELULPDKNHPHOHUNDQDOÕ\ODWD]PLQDWGDYDODUÕQÕQWDNLELQLNROD\ODúWÕUPDNWÕU+DWWDEX DPDoOD ¶WH .RPLV\RQ NRQX\D LOLúNLQ ELU <HúLO .LWDS *UHHQ 3DSHU 'DPDJHV DFWLRQV IRU EUHDFKRIWKH(&DQWLWUXVWUXOHV
(91) \D\ÕPODPÕúWÕU1HYDUNL$YUXSD¶GD|]HOKXNXNX\JXODPDVÕQÕQ $%'¶GHNL JLEL LúOHPHVLQL EHNOHPHN EDúWD NRQX\OD LOJLOL WRSOXPVDO GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQ \HWHUVL]OL÷L QHGHQL\OHSHNXPXWOXELUEHNOH\LúROPD\DFDNWÕU /RZH
(92) :LOV¶LQ
(93) EX NRQXGDNL J|Uú DNVL \|QGHGLU 5RPD $QWODúPDVÕ¶QÕQ PDGGHVLQLQ .RQVH\¶H 3DUODPHQWR¶\D GDQÕúDUDN
(94) YH PDGGHQLQ X\JXODQDELOPHVL LoLQ G]HQOHPHOHU \DSDELOPHYH$7$'LOH.RPLV\RQ¶DJ|UHYOHUYHUHELOPH\HWNLVLQLG]HQOHGL÷LQHLúDUHWHGHQ:LOV DPDoVDO\RUXP\DSÕODUDNEX\HWNLQLQNULPLQDOL]DV\RQDLPNkQWDQÕ\DFDNúHNLOGHDQODúÕODELOHFH÷LQL LGGLDHWPHNWHGLU. . .
(95) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. dQNFH]DKXNXNXDODQÕ PONLOLNSUHQVLELJHUH÷L\HONHOHULQWHNHOLQGHGLU .RPLV\RQ¶XQEXDODQGD\HWNLVLEXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU gWH \DQGDQ NULPLQDOL]DV\RQ H÷LOLPLQLQ SROLWLN YH VRV\DO GHVWHN J|US J|UPH\HFH÷L\OH LOJLOL |QHPOL ND\JÕODU EXOXQPDNWDGÕU .DUWHO \HVL JHUoHN NLúLOHUH ³VXoOX´ RODUDN PXDPHOH HGLOPHVLQL |QJ|UHQ ELU VLVWHPLQ EXJQ $%¶GH NDEXOJ|UHELOHFH÷LQLV|\OHPHNPPNQJ|UOPHPHNWHGLU &VHUHVYG
(96) $QFDN \H GHYOHWOHU LoLQ GXUXP IDUNOÕGÕU \ÕOÕ LWLEDUÕ\OD $YUXSD %LUOL÷L \HOHULQGHQ RQ \HGLVLQGH UHNDEHW KXNXNX DODQÕQGD KDSLV YH\D \|QHWLFLOLNWHQ PHQ JLEL NULPLQDO FH]DODU YHULOHELOPHVL PPNQGU %X ONHOHU øQJLOWHUHøUODQGD'DQLPDUND)UDQVD$OPDQ\D)LQODQGL\D1RUYHo$YXVWXU\D øWDO\D øVSDQ\D <XQDQLVWDQ 6ORYDN\D 6ORYHQ\D (VWRQ\D dHN &XPKXUL\HWL *QH\.ÕEUÕVYH0DOWD¶GÕU 6ODWHUYGGQ
(97) øVYHoYH+ROODQGD¶GD LVH KDSLVFH]DVÕQÕQ JHWLULOPHVL JHUHNWL÷LQH LOLúNLQWDUWÕúPDODUGHYDP HWPHNWHGLU %XQD UD÷PHQ .RPLV\RQ NDQDOÕ\OD YH WP $YUXSD oDSÕQGD NULPLQDO UHMLPLQ X\JXODQPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQH GDLU ELU J|Uú ELUOL÷LQGHQ V|] HGLOHPH] %X \|Q\OH $YUXSD¶GD NULPLQDOL]DV\RQ H÷LOLPLQLQ WHSHGHQ DúD÷Õ GH÷LO WDEDQGDQ \XNDUÕ GR÷UX\D\ÕOGÕ÷ÕV|\OHQHELOLU &VHUHVYG
(98) $YUXSDGÕúÕQGDLVH $%' YH .DQDGD¶QÕQ HVNLGHQ EHUL \UWW÷ NULPLQDO UHMLPL ¶OÕ \ÕOODUGDQ LWLEDUHQ EHQLPVH\HQ ONHOHUH øVUDLO -DSRQ\D %UH]LO\D ùLOL 0HNVLND YH *QH\ .RUH |UQHNRODUDNJ|VWHULOHELOLU %HDWRQ:HOOV
(99) . (\OHPLQ KHUKDQJL ELU GHYOHWLQ HJHPHQOLN DODQÕ LoLQGH LúOHQPLú ROPDVÕ KDOLQGH LOJLOL GHYOHW EX VXoXNRYXúWXUPD\DYHH\OHPFLOHUL\DUJÕOD\DUDNFH]DODQGÕUPD\DPQKDVÕUDQ\HWNLOLGLU%XGXUXP FH]DKXNXNXQGDPONLOLNLONHVLRODUDNQLWHOHQGLULOPHNWHGLU $\GÕQ
(100) $7$'\DNÕQWDULKOLELUNDUDUÕQGD &RPPLVVLRQY&RXQFLO&DVH&>@(&5, SU
(101) FH]DYHFH]DXVXOKXNXNXDODQODUÕQÕQ$%¶QLQJ|UHYYH\HWNLDODQÕQÕQGÕúÕQGDROGX÷XQX EXDODQODUGDDQFDN\HGHYOHWOHUH\NPOONJHWLULOHELOHFH÷LQLWHVSLWHWPLúWLU%XQDSDUDOHORODUDN VD\ÕOÕ 7]N¶Q PDGGHVLQGH \H GHYOHWOHULQ UHNDEHW KXNXNX DODQÕQGD SDUD FH]DVÕQÕQ GÕúÕQGD NHQGL Lo KXNXNODUÕQGD NULPLQDO FH]DODU GD |QJ|UHELOPHOHULQH LPNkQ WDQÕQPÕúWÕU %X QHGHQOH $YUXSD %LUOL÷L¶QH \H ONHOHULQ UHNDEHW RWRULWHOHUL .RPLV\RQ¶D NDUúÕ J|UHY YH VRUXPOXOXNODUÕQÕLGDULUHMLPoHUoHYHVLQGH\HULQHJHWLULUNHQNHQGLUHNDEHWKXNXNXX\JXODPDODUÕQGD NULPLQDOUHMLPLEHQLPVH\HELOPHNWHGLUOHU. . .
(102) )DWPDd(/ø.. %g/h0 . . .$57(//(5/(0h&$'(/('(.8//$1,/$1 6258ù7850$<g17(0/(5ø .$5ù,/$ù7,50$/,$1$/ø= øON E|OPGH NDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOHGH EHQLPVHQHQ LNL WHPHO UHMLP RODQ NULPLQDO YH LGDUL UHMLP DQD KDWODUÕ\OD WDQÕWÕOPÕú YH VD÷ODGÕNODUÕ VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHUL EDNÕPÕQGDQ IDUNOÕ ROGXNODUÕ EHOLUOHQPLúWLU %X E|OPGH LVH NDUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD NXOODQÕODQ ELOJL LVWHPH YH \HULQGH LQFHOHPH JLEL ³NODVLN´ VRUXúWXUPD\|QWHPOHULLOHLOHWLúLPLQGHQHWOHQPHVLYHWHNQLNDUDoODUODL]OHPHJLEL ³\HQLQHVLO´VRUXúWXUPD\|QWHPOHUL'2-¶QLQYH.RPLV\RQ¶XQX\JXODPDODUÕQGDQ KDUHNHWOH NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ RODUDN DQODWÕODFDNWÕU $UGÕQGDQ EX \|QWHPOHUL NXOODQPDQÕQSLúPDQOÕNX]ODúPDLKEDUFÕODUÕQ|GOOHQGLULOPHVLSURJUDPODUÕQDYH LKODOLQ LVSDWODQPDVÕQGD XODúÕOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ GHOLO VWDQGDUGÕQD HWNLOHUL GH÷HUOHQGLULOHUHNE|\OHFHNULPLQDOYHLGDULVRUXúWXUPD\|QWHPOHULQLQNDUWHOOHUOH PFDGHOH\H\DSWÕNODUÕNDWNÕRUWD\DNRQXOPD\DoDOÕúÕODFDNWÕU %ø/*øø67(0(<(7.ø6ø *HQHO2ODUDN %LOJLLVWHPH\HWNLVLKHPNULPLQDOKHPLGDULUHMLPGHPHYFXWRODQWHPHO VRUXúWXUPD \HWNLOHULQGHQ ELULGLU <D]ÕOÕ YH\D V|]O RODUDN NXOODQÕODELOHQ ELOJL LVWHPH\HWNLVLNDSVDPÕQGDVRUXODFDNVRUXODUODNk÷ÕGDJHoLULOPHPLúRODQELOJLOHUH XODúÕOPDVÕ GD PPNQGU %XQX VD÷OD\DELOPHN LoLQ UHNDEHW RWRULWHVLQLQ GR÷UX VRUXODUÕ\|QHOWHELOHFHNGHUHFHGHELOJL\HVDKLSROPDVÕYHEXVRUXODUD\DQOÕúYH\D \DQÕOWÕFÕFHYDSYHULOPHVLQLD÷ÕU\DSWÕUÕPODUDED÷ODPDVÕLVH|Q NRúXOGXU .HNHYL
(103) .ULPLQDO UHMLPGH ELOJL LVWHPH \D]ÕVÕQD JHoHUOL VHEHS ROPDGDQ FHYDS YHULOPHPHVL YH\D \DQOÕú\DQÕOWÕFÕ ELOJL YHULOPHVL EDúOÕEDúÕQD KDSLV FH]DVÕQÕ JHUHNWLUHQ ELU VXo RODUDN WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU %X WU GXUXPODUGD WDQÕNODUÕQ \|QOHQGLULOPHVL WHKGLW UúYHW GHOLO NDUDUWPD JLEL DGDOHWLQ \DQÕOWÕOPDVÕ EDúOÕ÷Õ . .
(104) 5HNDEHW.XUXPX8]PDQOÕN7H]OHUL6HULVL. DOWÕQGD WRSODQDELOHFHN VXoODPDODU GD NDUWHO VXoXQD HN RODUDN \|QHOWLOPHNWHGLU %DUQHWW
(105) gUQH÷LQ '2- \ÕOÕQGD NDUERQ ILEHU UQOHUL SD]DUÕQGD \UWW÷ VRUXúWXUPDGD ELOJL LVWHPH \D]ÕVÕ LOH LVWHQLOHQ EHOJHOHUL NDoÕUPDN LoLQ 7RN\R¶\D J|QGHUGLNOHUL DQODúÕODQ 7RKR 7HQD[ &R /WG XQYDQOÕ ELU -DSRQ ILUPDVÕQÕ $%'¶GHNL \DYUX úLUNHWLQL YH úLUNHWLQ \|QHWLFLVL -LQQRVXNH 7DNHGD¶\Õ DGDOHWLQ \DQÕOWÕOPDVÕ LGGLDVÕ\OD \DUJÕODPÕú YH VRQUDGDQ EHOJHOHUH-DSRQ$GLO7LFDUHW.RPLV\RQX¶QXQ'2-LoLQ\DSWÕ÷Õ\HULQGHLQFHOHPH LOH XODúÕOPÕúWÕU øQJLOWHUH¶GH GH EHQ]HU úHNLOGH NDUWHOL LVSDWOD\DFDN GHOLOOHUL NDUDUWDQODU LoLQ NDUWHO VXoXQXQ FH]D VW VÕQÕUÕ RODQ \ÕOD NDGDU KDSLV FH]DVÕ X\JXODQDFD÷Õ |QJ|UOPHNWHGLU .DUWHO VRUXúWXUPDODUÕQGD DGDOHWLQ \DQÕOWÕOPDVÕ RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ GDYUDQÕúODU YH EXQODUD NDUúÕ X\JXODQDQ \DSWÕUÕPODUD LOLúNLQ ,&1 D
(106) UDSRUX GD KHP NULPLQDO KHP LGDUL UHMLP WHPVLOFLOHULQLQ VRQ \ÕOODUGDNRQX\ODLOJLOLKDVVDVL\HWOHULQLQJHOLúWL÷LQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU øGDUL UHMLPGH LVH ELOJL LVWHPH \D]ÕODUÕQÕQ FHYDSODQPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDN YH ELOJL LVWHPH WDOHSOHULQH \DQOÕú\DQÕOWÕFÕ ELOJL YHULOPHVLQL |QOHPHN DPDFÕ\OD WHúHEEVOHUH YH WHúHEEV ELUOLNOHULQH \|QHOLN SDUD FH]DODUÕ |QJ|UOPúWU %X FH]DQÕQ LúELUOL÷L \DSÕOPDPDVÕ KDOLQGH HOGH HGLOHFHN ND]DQÕPODUÕ GHQJHOH\HFHN PLNWDUGD ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQGHQ VD\ÕOÕ 7]N¶WH FH]D RUDQODUÕ \NVHOWLOPLúWLU %LOJLLVWHPH YH\HULQGH LQFHOHPH
(107) \HWNLVLNDSVDPÕQGDWDUDIODUDVRUXODQ VRUXODUGD J|]HWLOPHVL JHUHNHQ VÕQÕUODU KHU LNL UHMLPGH GH JHoHUOL RODQ NHQGLQL VXoOD\ÕFÕ EH\DQGD EXOXQPDPD KDNNÕ SULYLOHJH DJDLQVW VHOI LQFULPLQDWLRQ
(108) YH DYXNDWPYHNNLOLOHWLúLPLQLQLPWL\D]Õ OHJDOSURIHVVLRQDOSULYLOHJH
(109) LONHVLGLU .HQGLQL VXoOD\ÕFÕ EH\DQGD EXOXQPDPD VXVPD
(110) KDNNÕQÕQ JHUH÷L RODUDN KDNNÕQGD VRUXúWXUPD \UWOHQOHUH NDUWHO NXUXS NXUPDGÕNODUÕ GR÷UXGDQ VRUXODPD] %XQD NDUúÕOÕN EHOLUOL ELU \HUGH YH\D NRQXGD WRSODQWÕODU \DSÕS \DSPDGÕNODUÕ ELOJL SD\ODúÕPÕQD JLGLS JLWPHGLNOHUL JLEL DUDODUÕQGDNL NRRUGLQDV\RQX RUWD\D oÕNDUDFDN VRUXODU VRUXODELOLU $%'¶GH W]HO NLúLOHULQ VXVPDKDNNÕQGDQID\GDODQPDODUÕPPNQROPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQVRUXQXQPXKDWDEÕRODQ . $%'¶GHDGDOHWLQ\DQÕOWÕOPDVÕVXoXúLUNHWOHULoLQSDUDFH]DVÕ ELUH\OHULoLQGHKHPSDUDKHPGH \ÕODNDGDUKDSLVFH]DVÕ\ODFH]DODQGÕUÕOPDNWDGÕU 86&
(111) '2-¶QLQ NRQX\OD LOJLOL EDVÕQ DoÕNODPDVÕ LoLQ EN] KWWS ZZZXVGRMJRYDWUSXEOLFSUHVV BUHOHDVHVKWP (QWHUSULVH$FWPGIÕNUD &HYDSODPD]RUXQOXOX÷XEXOXQPDPDVÕQDUD÷PHQNDUDUDGD\DQPD\DQELOJLLVWHPH\D]ÕVÕQDNDVWHQ YH\D LKPDOHQ \DQOÕú\DQÕOWÕFÕ FHYDS YHULOPHVL KDOLQGH WHúHEEVOHU YH WHúHEEV ELUOLNOHUL VD\ÕOÕ 7]N¶Q D PDGGHVLQH J|UH
(112) ELU |QFHNL \ÕO FLURODUÕQÕQ ¶LQH NDGDU FH]DODQGÕUÕODELOLUOHU $\QÕ FH]D NDUDUD GD\DQDQ ELOJL LVWHPH \D]ÕODUÕQD FHYDS YHULOPHPHVL YH\D \DQOÕú\DQÕOWÕFÕ FHYDS YHULOPHVL GXUXPXQGD GD VD\ÕOÕ 7]N¶Q E PDGGHVLQGH
(113) X\JXODQDELOLU $\UÕFD NDUDUD GD\DQDQ ELOJL LVWHPH WDOHELQH FHYDS YHULOPHPHVL KDOLQGH LVWHQLOHQ ELOJLWDPYHGR÷UXRODUDNVD÷ODQÕQFD\DNDGDU GPDGGHVLQH J|UH
(114) JQONFLURODUÕQÕQ¶LQH NDGDUVUHOLSDUDFH]DVÕYHULOHELOLU. . .
(115) )DWPDd(/ø.. WHúHEEVOHULQVHVVL] NDOPD KDNNÕEXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU %DNHU
(116) .HQGLQL VXoOD\ÕFÕ EH\DQGD EXOXQPDPD KDNNÕ .RPLV\RQ¶XQ NDUDUODUÕQÕ GHQHWOH\HQ PDKNHPHOHUGHWDUWÕúÕOPÕúYH$%'¶GHNLX\JXODPD\DSDUDOHORODUDN$YUXSD¶GDGD W]HO NLúLOHULQ VXVPD KDNNÕQD VDKLS ROPDGÕ÷Õ VRQXFXQD YDUÕOPÕúWÕU /HQDHUWV
(117) 'ROD\ÕVÕ\ODWHúHEEVOHUNHQGLOHULQGHQLVWHQHQELOJL YH\DEHOJHOHUL LKODOLQRUWD\DoÕNDUÕOPDVÕQD\RODoDFDNROVDELOH.RPLV\RQ¶DYHUPHN]RUXQGDGÕU *DU]DQLWL YG :LOV
(118) %XQDNDUúÕOÕN.RPLV\RQ NHQGLVLQLQ LVSDW HWPHVL JHUHNHQ KXVXVODUÕ VRUX RODUDN \|QHOWHUHN WHúHEEVOHUL GR÷UXGDQ GR÷UX\D LKODOLQ NDEXO HGLOPHVL VRQXFXQX GR÷XUDFDN VRUXODUÕ FHYDSODPD\D ]RUOD\DPD] 6DYXQPD KDNNÕQÕQ ELU X]DQWÕVÕ QLWHOL÷LQGHNL DYXNDWPYHNNLO LOHWLúLPLQLQ LPWL\D]Õ LONHVLDYXNDWLOH PYHNNLOLDUDVÕQGDWDPELUJYHQ RUWDPÕ ROXúWXUXOPDVÕQÕ YH E|\OHFH VDYXQPD KDNNÕQÕQ HWNLQ RODUDN NXOODQÕODELOPHVLQL KHGHIOHPHNWHGLU$QJOR$PHULNDQKXNXNG]HQLQLQN|NOLONHOHULQGHQELULRODQ EX LPWL\D]D J|UH DYXNDWOD PYHNNLOL DUDVÕQGDNL LOHWLúLPLQ DoÕNODQPDVÕ YH\D PYHNNLO DOH\KLQGH NXOODQÕOPDVÕ PPNQ GH÷LOGLU *LSSLQL)RXUQLHU
(119) $YXNDW PYHNNLO LOHWLúLPLQLQ JL]OLOL÷LQHGDLU$%UHNDEHW PHY]XDWÕQGDGD ELU G]HQOHPH EXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU %X LONHQLQ X\JXODQPD NRúXOODUÕ $7$' WDUDIÕQGDQ $0 6 (XURSH GDYDVÕQGD EHOLUOHQPLú YH VDGHFH VDYXQPD KDNNÕQÕQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕ LOH LOJLOL \D]ÕúPDODU LoLQ ED÷ÕPVÕ] oDOÕúDQ DYXNDWODU EDNÕPÕQGDQ LPWL\D] NDEXO HGLOPLúWLU $N]R 1REHO GDYDVÕQGD LVH EX LONHQLQ VÕQÕUODUÕ |]HOOLNOHúLUNHWoDOÕúDQÕNRQXPXQGDNLDYXNDWODUÕQÕQEXLPWL\D]NDSVDPÕQGDROXS ROPDGÕ÷Õ
(120) \HQLGHQ WDUWÕúÕOPÕú DQFDN ø'0 HVDVOÕ ELU GH÷LúLNOLN EHQLPVHPHPLúWLU . . .RQX\ODLOJLOLLoWLKDWODULoLQEN]2UNHP6$Y&RPPLVVLRQ&DVH> @(&5 6ROYD\ Y &RPPLVVLRQ &DVH > @ (&5 0DQQHVPDQQU|KUHQ:HUNH Y &RPPLVVLRQ&DVH7 >@(&5,, /LPEXUJVH9LQ\O0DDWVFKDSSLMDQG2WKHUVY &RPPLVVLRQ ³39&,,´
(121) &DVHV& 3& 3& 3& 3& 3WR & 3 DQG & 3 >@ (&5 , 7RNDL &DUERQ &R /WG DQG RWKHUV Y &RPPLVVLRQ ³*UDSKLWH(OHFWURGHV´
(122) &DVHV777DQG7 (&5 ,, 2UNHP6$Y&RPPLVVLRQ&DVH> @(&5SU $0 6(XURSH/WGY&RPPLVVLRQ&DVH > @(&5 $N]R1REHOY&RPLVVLRQ&DVH75 5>@(&5,, 6DYXQPDKDNODUÕQÕQNDSVDPÕQGDEXOXQDQNHQGLQLVXoOD\ÕFÕEH\DQGDEXOXQPDPDKDNNÕYHDYXNDW PYHNNLO LOHWLúLPLQLQ LPWL\D]Õ LONHVL EX oDOÕúPDQÕQ NRQXVX GÕúÕQGD EXOXQGX÷XQGDQ GDKD ID]OD ELOJL\H\HUYHULOPHPLúWLU$\UÕQWÕOÕELOJLLoLQEN]:LOV *LSSLQL)RXUQLHU. . .
Benzer Belgeler
Twenty four lipomas, 14 inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFP), six leiomyomas, four lymphangiomas, four hemangiomas, four schwannomas, two neuromas, two malignant
Sonuç olarak; eğitim düzeylerine göre %7,7’si aile hekimliğinde % 92,3’ü ise aile hekimliği dışında ikinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında ve diğer yerlerde arteriyel
[r]
[r]
Two Constitutional Suggestion to Turkey Towards Rationalized Parliamentarism: The German – Style Vote of Confidence Mechanism Under Dissolution Threat and State of
Wingspread tarafından yapılan sınıflamaya göre yüksek ve orta tip malformasyonlu anorektal malformasyon olgularının yaklaşık %60'ında bazı tip
Ömer Behiç (Ahmet Leventoğlu) ve karısı Nilgün (Arşen Gürzap), Tur gutlu'da mutlu bir yaşam sürmektedirler.. Ancak Ömer Behiç'in Tibbiye'den arkadaşı Bekir
Aııkaramn bir meydanında, yüksek bir kaidenin çok yukarı kal dırdığı bir at ve onun üstünde Anadolu halk mücadelesinin saikı ve kumandanı olan, M ustafa
