Synonymy

Ali:

“Dur öyleyse…”

“Söyle.”

“Demedim mi sana Çiçeklideresinde Koca Osmanı? Ali Saip Bey Ankaradan gelmiş, büyük bayramda af çıkacakmış.”

p.428

announced that the pardon will be proclaimed at the big bayram.

p.363

Memed, Hatice and Iraz escape from gendarme for a long time after Memed abducts them. Because they are outlaw and they take a stand against the most powerful villains, colonel and gendarme pursuit them without ceasing. At this point, Lame Ali brings great news for Memed and the women. He tells, there will be an amnesty at bayram, so Memed and the women will be forgiven.

The notion of “Bayram” is a Muslim religious festival after Ramadan month or after the feast of sacrifice. Translator decides to keep the original and writes it in italic to show the cultural item belongs to the source culture.

Substitution

method, translator basically resorts to some kind of parallel or synonymous reference in order to avoid repeating CSI. Synonymy is the first method in Substitution column of translation methods of CSIs. It is the closest one to Conservation. However, it does not keep the original. Thereby, the method is classified as Substitution.

Synonymy method is applied 5 times in the book. This method is applied to 2 Addressing Terms and Exclamations, 1 Proper Name, Nickname, 1 Food & Drink, 1 Forms of Entertainment and Customs. Addressing Terms and Exclamations and Entertainment, Customs are chosen to be illustrated. Addressing Terms and Exclamations is chosen for being the most frequently used method; Proper Names, Nicknames and Entertainment, Customs are chosen because they are not as commonly used as in the other methods as it is in Synonymy.

Figure 1.5. Amount of Synonymy Methods Used for CSIs in Ince Memed Example 13:

Proper Name, Nickname

20%

Food & Drink 20%

Entertainment, Custom

20%

Addressing Terms and Exclamations

40%

SYNONYMY 5

Addressing Terms and Exclamations

ST TT

Memed cevap vermeden kalktı. Gözleri hala ihtiyarın üzerindeydi. Onlar ayağa kalkınca ihtiyar da gözlerini açtı.

“Demek gidiyorsunuz ha?” diyerek sordu.

Memed hayranlıkla:

“Sağlıcakla kal!”

Mustafa

“Sağlıcakla kal!”

p.70

Memed rose without answering. He still stared at the old man, who, as they rose, opened his eyes.

“So you are going, are you?” he asked.

“May you live long,” replied Memed with wonder in his voice. Mustafa echoed his words.

p.58

Memed becomes a young man and for the first time in his life, he wants to travel town with his friend Mustafa. While they are travelling to the town, they meet an old man, who, in following pages, turns out to be an old legendary brigand. As they talk, the old brigand asks them questions and explains the old times of their village, Değirmenoluk, and how the villain, Abdi Ağa, was a loser in the past and begged to him.

“Sağlıcakla kal” is a wishing clause in Turkish, literally meaning “stay healthy”. It is uttered at the end of conversations, as an alternative to good-bye. Translator decides to translate this CSI as “May you live long” which is more common in target culture. In the

second phrasing, translator avoids translating the same sentence. Instead, it is translated as “echoed his words.” Therefore, translator adopts Synonymy method for this CSI.

Example 14:

Proper Names and Nicknames

ST TT

Süleyman geldi İnce Memedin başucuna dikildi. Çarığı bağlayışını seyrediyordu.

Memedin elleri, çarık bağlamaya alışkın eller… Öyle gösteriyor. Kaytanları taktı taktı, getirdi arkadan düğümledi.

Süleyman:

“Bre İnce Memed,” dedi, “sen çarık bağlama ustasıymışsın.”

p.25

Süleyman stood beside Memed and watched him as he tied them. The boy’s hands were used to the tying of sandals, that was clear. He knew how to pull the laces tight and to knot them behind the leg.

“Young Memed, you’re a master at tying sandals,” said Süleyman.

p.17

At first parts of the novel, Memed escapes from his village, Çiçeklideresi, and takes shelter in Süleyman’s home. Süleyman sees that the boy is very poor with very old worn out sandals and makes new sandals for Memed.

“Ince” normally means “Slim” in English. After Memed’s name is used several times as Memed in TT, translator uses a new word as “Young Memed”. Thus, instead of repeating

the same name again and again, translator uses some other name synonymous to the original CSI and applies Synonym Method.

Example 15:

Entertainment, Custom

ST TT

Bu sırada tüfeği çaprazlama boynuna takmış, sallanarak Sefil Ali içeri girdi.

Doğru saza gitti. Duvardan aldı. Olduğu yerde oturup saza düzen vermeye başladı.

p.355

Poor Ali then came strolling by with his gun slung over his shoulder. He went straight to the saz, took it from the wall, sat down where he was, and began to tune the instrument.

p.301

Memed and Cabbar prepare to clash with Kalaycı who is man of Ali Safa Bey, Abdi Ağa’s friend. Kalaycı is also the enemy of Big Osman and his village Çiçeklideresi. During preparation, Memed and Cabbar stay at a local minstrel and brigand, Aşık Sefil Ali.

Writer explains the minstrel tradition in Anatolia by narrating Aşık Sefil Ali.

Saz is a traditional Turkish stringed musical instrument. It is common in and around Anatolia. Extratextual Gloss is adopted by writing it in italics in first illustration, In the second illustration, translator both explains the instrument and avoids using “saz” for the second time; adopts both Intratextual Gloss and Synonymy methods.