• Sonuç bulunamadı

Bölüm V

attributions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(8), 838-854.

Belsky, G. Ve Gilovichi T. (1999). Why smart people make big money mistakes and how to correct them. New York: Fireside.

Bornstein, B.H., Emler, A.C. ve Chapman, G.B. (1999). Rationality in medical tratment decisions: Is there a sunk cost effect?

Braman, O.R. (1999). Teaching peace to adults: Using critical thinking to improve conflict resolution. Adult Leaning, 102(2), 30 – 32.

Browne, M.N. ve Meuti, M.D. (1999). Teaching how to teach critical thinking.

College Student Journal, 33(2), 162-170.

Camerer, C.F. ve Johnson, E.J. (1991). The process-performance paradox in expert judgment: How can experts know so much and predict so badly? K.A. Ericsson ve J. Smith (Ed) Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. (s. 195 – 217) içinde. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Carroll, J.S. ve Siegler, R.S. (1977). Strategies for the use of base rate information. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 19, 392 – 402.

Celuch, K. ve Slama, M. (1999). Teaching critical thinking skills for the 21st century: An advertising principles case study. Journal of Education for Business, 74(3), 134-139.

Chaffee, J. (1994). Thinking critically. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Chase, V.M., Hertwig, R. ve Gigerenzer, G. (1998). Visions of rationality.

Trends in cognitive science. 2(6), 206-214.

Christensen – Szalanski, J.J.J. ve Beach, L.R. (1982). Experience and the base rate fallacy. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29, 270 – 278.

Christian Science Monitor (2001, 13 Eylül). Seeking safety in America. [WEB Dökümanı: http://csmonitor.com/2001/0913/p10s1-comv.htm].

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Cohen, M. (1993). Making critical thinking a classroom reality. Political Science and Politics, 26(2), 241-244.

Cohen, M.S., Freeman, J.T. ve Wolf, S. (1996). Metarecognition in time-stressed decision making: Recognizing, critiquing, and correcting.

Human Factors, 38(2), 206-219.

Connolly, T., Arkes, H.R. ve Hammond, K.R. (2000). Judgment and decision making. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Corvi, R. (1997). An introduction to the thought of Karl Popper. London:

Routledge.

Cosmides, L. ve Tooby, J. (1996). Are humans good intuitive statistician after all? Rethinking some conclusions from the literature on judgment under uncertainty. Cognition, 58, 1-73.

DeBondt, W.F.M. (1998). A portrait of individual investor. European Economic Review, 42, 831-844.

de Bono, E. (1985). Altı şapkalı düşünme tekniği. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.

de Bono, E. (1992). Serious creativity. London: HarperCollins.

Dunbar, K. (2000). How scientist think in the real world: Implications for science education. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 49-58.

Edwards, W. (1954). The theory of decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 380-417.

Elias, M.J. ve Kress, J.S. (1994). Social decision-making and life skills development: a critical thinking approach to health promotion in the middle school. Journal of School Health, 64(2), 62-66.

Facione, P.A., Facione, N.C., ve Giancarlo, C.A.F. (1998). The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. California: Academic Press.

Feyerabend, P. (1996). Yönteme karşı. İstanbul: Ayrıntı.

Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P. ve Lichtenstein, S. (1977). Knowing with certainity:

The appropriateness of extreme confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 552-564.

Fiske, S.T. ve Taylor, S.E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Frost, P.J. (1997). Building bridges between critical theory and management education. Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 361-367.

Gadzella, B.M., ve Masten, W.G. (1998). Critical thinking and learning processes for students in two major fields. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 25(4), 256-261.

Gibson, C. (1995). Critical thinking: Implications for instruction. RQ, 35(1), 29-35.

Gigerenzer, G. (1991). From tools to theories: A heuristic of discovery in cognitive psychology. Psychological Review, 98(2), 254-267.

Gigerenzer, G. (1996). On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky (1996). Psychological Review, 103(3), 592-596.

Gigerenzer, G. (2001). Content-blind norms, no norms, or good norms? A reply to Vronas. Cognition, 81, 93-103.

Gigerenzer, G. ve Goldstein, D.G. (1996). Reasoning the fast and frugal way:

Models of bounded rationality. Psychological Review, 103(4), 650-669.

Gigerenzer, G., Hell, W., ve Blank, H. (1988). Presentation and content: The use of base rates as a continuous variable. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14(3), 513-525.

Gigerenzer, G., Hoffrage, U. Ve Kleinbölting, H. (1991). Probabilistic mental models: A Brunswikian theory of confidence. Psychological Review, 98(4), 506-528.

Gigerenzer, G. ve Murray, D.J. (1987). Cognition as intiuitive statistics. New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum.

Gigerenzer, G. Ve Todd, P.M. (1999). Fast and frugal heuristics: The adaptive toolbox. G. Gigerenzer, P.M. Todd ve Tne ABC Research Group (Eds), Simple heuristics that make us smart. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gilovich, T. (1991). How we know what isn’t so. New York: The Free press.

Ginosar, Z. ve Trope, Y. (1980). The effects of base rates and individuating information on judgments about another person. Journal of

Experimental Psychology, 16, 228 – 242.

Goldstein, W.M. ve Hogarth, R.M. (1997). Judgment and decision research:

Some historical context. W.M. Goldstein ve R.M. Hogart (Eds) Research on judgment and decision making: Currents, connections, and controversiesu (s. 4-65), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Goldstein, W.M. ve Hogarth, R.M. (1997). Research on judgment and decision making: Currents, connections, and controversies.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gülgöz, S. ve Sadowski, C.J. (1995). Turkish adaptation of the need for cognition scale and its correlation with performance measures. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(35), 15-24.

Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York:

Wiley.

Haas, P.F. ve Keeley, S.M. (1998). Coping with faculty resistance to teaching critical thinking. College Teaching, 46(2), 63-67.

Halonen, J. (1995). The critical thinking companion for introductory psychology. New York: Worth Publishers.

Hertwig, R. ve Gigerenzer, G. (1999). The “conjunction fallacy” revisited: How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 275-305.

Hoefler, J.M. (1994). Critical thinking and the use of optical illusions. Political Science and Politics, 538-545.

Hooke, R. (1983). How to tell the liars from the statisticians. New York:

Marcel Dekker.

Hovardaoğlu, S. (1994). Davranış bilimleri için istatistik. Ankara: Hatiboğlu.

Huitt, W.G. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers – Briggs type indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24, 33-44.

Jenkins, E.K. (1998). The significant role of critical thinking in predicting auditing students’ performance. Journal of Education for Business, 73(5), 274-279.

Johnson-Laird, P.N. ve Shafir, E. (1993). The interaction between reasoning and decision making: An introduction. Reasoning and Decision

Making, 1-9.

Jöreskog, K. ve Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide.

Chicago,IL: Scientific Software International.

Kahneman, D., Slovic, P. ve Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty:

Heuristics and biasaes. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kahneman, D. ve Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction.

Psychological Review, 80, 237-251.

Kahneman, D. ve Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291.

Kahneman, D. ve Tversky, A. (1996). On the reality of cognitve illusions.

Psychological Review, 103(3), 582-591.

Kaufman, B.E. (1999). Emotional arousal as a source of bounded rationality.

Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 38, 135-144.

Kelley, H.H. (1967). Attribution theory in a social psychology. In D.L. Vine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Kerr, N.L., MacCoun, R.J. ve Kramer, G.P. (1996). Bias in judgment:

Comparing individuals and groups. Psychological Review, 103(4), 687-719.

Kleiter, G.D. (1997). Do subjects understand base rates. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 72(1), 25-61.

Kökdemir, D. (1999a). Ekonomistler neden yanılıyor? Macro, Aralık, 52-53.

Kökdemir, D. (1999b). "Satanistler" ve kurbanları üzerine: Sebep - sonuç ilişkilerini ararken kaybolmak. Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknik, 655, 19.

Kökdemir, D. (1999c). Üniversitede bir eleştirel düşünme yöntemi.

Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknik, 632, 4-5.

Kökdemir, D. (1999d). Psikolojiye giriş ve genel psikoloji derslerinin içeriğinin değiştirilmesi hakkında eleştirel bir yaklaşım. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 5(13), 28-30.

Kökdemir, D. (2000). Deniz yıldızlarını kurtarmaya çalışanların öyküsü:

Eleştirel ve yaratıcı düşünme. XI. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, 19-22 Eylül, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.

Kökdemir, D. (2001). Psikometri. I. Ulusal Türk Psikoloji Kurultayı, 10-11 Aralık, Ankara.

Kökdemir, D. ve Demirutku, K. (2000). Psikoloji derslerinde tümdengelim yönteminin uygulanması, internet uygulamaları ve notlandırma sistemi.

XI. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, 19-22 Eylül, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.

Kökdemir, D., Özgün, A. ve Ergen S. (2002). 11 Eylül2ü hatırlamak.

Matematik Dünyası, 11(3), 10-12.

Kristiansen, C.M. (1983). Newpaper coverage of diseases and actual mortality statistics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 193-194.

Kunda, Z. ve Nisbett, R.E. (1986). Prediction and the partial understanding of the law of large numbers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 339 - 354.

Kühberger, A. (1998). The influence of framing on risky decisions: A meta analysis. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Process, 75(1), 23-55.

Langevoort, D.C. (2000). Organized illusions: A behavioral theory of why corporations mislead stock market investors and cause other social harms. C.R. Sunstein (Ed) Behavioral law and economics (s. 144-167), Cambridge: Cambirdge University Press.

Larrick, R.P., Nisbett, R.E. ve Morgan, J.N. (1993). Who uses the cost – benefit rules of choice? Implications for the normative status of

microeconomic theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 56, 331-347.

Levy, D.A. (1997). Tools of critical thinking: Metathoughts for psychology.

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Lindeman, M. (1998). Motivation, cognition and pseudoscience.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 257-265.

Lundquist, R. (1999). Critical thinking and the art of making good mistakes.

Teaching in Higher Education, 4(4), 523-530.

Martinez, M.E. (1998). What is problem solving? Phi Delta Kappan, 79(8), 605-609.

McBurney, D.H. (1996). How to think like a psychologist: Critical thinking in psychology. London: Prentice-Hall.

Nisbett, R.E., Peng, K., Choi, I. ve Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291-310.

North, N.T. ve O’Carroll, R.E (2001). Decision making in patients with spinal cord damage: afferent feedback and the somatic marker hypothesis.

Neuropsychologia, 39, 521-524.

Novemsky, N. ve Kronzon, S. (1999). How are base-rates used, when they are used: A comparison of additive and Bayesian models of base-rate use. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 55-69.

Osherson, D., Perani, D., Cappa, S., Schnur, T., Grassi, F. Ve Fazio, F.

(1998). Distinct brain loci in deductive versus probabilistic reasoning.

Neuropsychologia, 36(4), 369-376.

Paul, R. (1998). Critical thinking: Why it must be at the heart of ethics instruction. Journal of Developmental Education, 22(1), 32.

Paulos, J.A. (1998). Herkes için matematik. Ankara:Beyaz yayınları.

Peterson, T.O. ve Lunsford, D.A. (1998). Parallel thinking: a technique for group interaction and problem solving. Journal of Management Education, 24(4), 537-554.

Plous, S. (1993). The psychology of judgment and decision making. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Popper, K.R. (1935 / 1986). Bilimsel araştırmanın mantığı. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

Püsküllüoğlu, A. (1999). Türkçe sözlük (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.

Royalty, J. (1995). The generalizability of critical thinking: Paranormal beliefs versus statistical reasoning. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156(4), 477-488.

Ruby, C.L. (2002). The definition of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9-14.

Sagan, C. (1998). Karanlık bir dünyada bilimin mum ışığı. Ankara: Tübitak – Yapı Kredi.

Schwartz, H. (1998). Rationality gone awry? Decision making inconsistent with economic and financial theory. London: Praeger.

Shafir, E., Simonson, I. Ve Tversky, A. (1993). Reasoned based choice.

Cognition, 49, 11-36.

Shavit, T., Sonsino, D. ve Benzion, U. (2001). A comparative study of lotteries-evaluation in class and on the WEB. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22, 483-491.

Simon, H.A. (1997). Models of bounded rationality. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Slovic, P. (1972). Psychological study of human judgment: Implications for investment decision making. Journal of Finance, 27(4), 779-799.

Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1982). Facts versus fears:

Understanding perceived risk. D. Kahneman, P. Slovic ve A. Tversky (Ed.) Judgment under uncertainity: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Smith, E.E. (1989). Concepts and induction. M.I.Posner (Ed.) Foundations of cognitive science. Cambridge: MIT.

Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, S.L. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Taylor, J.B. (1998). Economics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Teigen, K.H., Martinussen, M. ve Lund, T. (1996). Conjunction errors in the prediction of referendum outcomes: Effects of attitude and realism.

Acta Psychologica, 93, 91-105.

Thaler, R.H. (1983). Illusions and mirages in public policy. The Public Interest, 73, 60-74.

Tobena, A., Marks, I., ve Dar, R. (1999). Advantages of bias and prejudice:

an explanatio of -their neurocognitive templates. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 23, 1047-1058.

Todorov, A. (1997). Another look at reasoning experiments: Rationality, normative models and conservational factors. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 27(4), 387-418.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers.

Psychological Bulletin, 76, 105-110.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124 – 1131.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1982a). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. D. Kahneman, P. Slovic ve A. Tversky (Ed.)

Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1982b). Judgments of and by

representativeness. D. Kahneman, P. Slovic ve A. Tversky (Ed.) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, A. ve Kahneman, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. Journal of Business, 59, 251-278.

von Neumann, J. ve Morgenstern, O. (1947). Theory of games and economic behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Vranas, P.B.M. (2000). Gigerenzer’s normative critique of Kahneman and Tversky. Cognition, 76, 179-193.

Washington Post (2001, 11 Eylül). Post-ABC Poll: Terrorist Attacks. [WEB Dökümanı:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/polls/vault/stories/data091201.htm].

Wilson, D.C. (1995). Highest and best use analysis: Appraisal heuristics versus economic theory. Appraisal Journal, 63(1), 11-26.

Yeh, M-L. (2002). Assessing the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39, 123-132.

Zukier, H. Ve Pepitonei A. (1984). Social roles and strategies in prediction:

Some determinants of the use of base – rate information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(2), 349 – 360.

Bölüm VI