Exposure to Secondhand Smoke, 2008 and 2012

Key Findings

There was a significantly large reduction in SHS exposure at the workplace overall, from

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37.3% in 2008 to 15.6% in 2012.

There was a significantly large reduction in SHS exposure in all public places, particularly in

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restaurants (from 55.9% in 2008 to 12.9% in 2012).

There was a significantly larger reduction (approximately double) in SHS exposure among

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men than women in government buildings, healthcare facilities and public transportation.

Although not covered by the law, there was a substantial decrease (relative change of 32.0%)

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of SHS exposure observed in homes.

Figure 10.3 illustrates the change over time in exposure to SHS in public places and at homes. The results show that between 2008 and 2012, there has been a substantially large reduction in SHS exposure in all public places, particularly in restaurants, with a relative reduction of 76.9%, from 55.9% in 2008 to 12.9% in 2012%.

This is a reflection of the policy change between the 2008 and 2012 GATS, with the implementation of the second–phase of the 2008 smoke–free law, extending into the hospitality sector, effective July 2009.

2012 estimates of SHS exposure in cafes are excluded from the comparisons since this information was not collected in 2008.

Additionally, a large decrease of SHS exposure was also observed in workplaces (from 37.3% in 2008 to 15.6% in 2012, relative reduction of 58.0%), government buildings (from 11.3% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2012, relative change of 42.1%), public transportation (from 16.5% in 2008 to 10.4% in 2012, relative reduction 36.7%), and healthcare facilities (relative reduction 36.1, from 6.0% in 2008 to 2.8% in 2012).

This is a reflection on the continuing momentum achieved by the 2008 law.

Although not covered by the law, there was a substantial decrease (from 56.3% in 2008 to 38.3% in 2012, relative change of 32.0%) of SHS exposure observed in homes as well.

Among both men and women, there was a greater decrease in exposure of tobacco smoke in homes among non–smokers than in the overall population.

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Figure 10.3: Exposure to secondhand smoke in various places in the past 30 days, GATS Turkey, 2008 and 2012. and public places and homes, during the past 30 days, by gender, age group, educational group, and residence.

At the workplaces, among men, there was a greater decrease in exposure of tobacco smoke among non–smokers (35.0% in 2008 and 14.0% in 2012) than among the overall population (40.1% in 2008 and 17.8% in 2012). In contrast, among women, there was a smaller decrease in exposure among non–

smokers (22.9% in 2008 and 9.1% in 2012) than among the overall population (28.1% in 2008 and 9.6%

in 2012).

In homes, among both men and women, there was a greater decrease in exposure of tobacco smoke among non–smokers than among the overall population.

Results show that among all public places, there was a significant decrease in SHS exposure among both men and women.

Within government buildings, healthcare facilities, and public transportation, there was a substantially larger decrease of smoke exposure among men than women than in other public places and at homes.

Among men, there was a greater decrease in exposure of tobacco smoke at workplaces among non–

smokers (relative reduction of 60.0%) than among the overall population (relative reduction of 55.6%).

In contrast, among women, there was a smaller decrease in exposure among non–smokers (relative reduction of 60.1%) than among the overall population (relative reduction of 66.0%).

In homes, among both men and women, there was a greater decrease in exposure of tobacco smoke among non–smokers than among the overall population.

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Results show that among all public places and homes, there was a significant decrease among all age groups. Government buildings had a significantly larger decrease among the population aged 65 years and older than all other age groups.

Across all age groups, with the exception of those aged 65 years and older, the greatest decrease in smoke exposure was observed in restaurants, followed by workplaces. In the 65 years and older age group, the greatest decrease was observed in government buildings (11.5% in 2008 and 3.3% in 2012, relative reduction of 71.2%), followed by workplaces (30.6% in 2008 and 9.3% in 2012, relative reduction of 69.7), and restaurants (32.7% in 2008 and 10.2% in 2012, relative reduction of 68.8%).

Within the workplace, a larger reduction in exposure of tobacco smoke was observed among non–smokers than the overall population in the 15–44 age group. Similarly, at homes, a larger reduction in exposure to tobacco smoke was observed among non–smokers than the overall population in all age groups.

Results show that among most public places, there was a significant decrease in smoke exposure among all education levels. Exceptions involve workplaces and healthcare facilities, in which there was no significant decrease observed among those that had not graduated.

Across the educational levels, the largest decrease in exposure was observed at restaurants in comparison to other public places. All educational levels, with the exception of those “not graduated”, had a significantly larger difference in restaurants in comparison to other public places and homes. In contrast, those that had not graduated had a similar relative reduction in restaurants of 53.8% and government buildings of 51.7%.

In workplaces, all educational levels, with the exception of those that had not graduated, observed a decrease in exposure among non–smokers between 2008 and 2012. Additionally, the decrease in exposure among non–smokers was larger than in the overall population, with the exception of high school graduates (non–smokers, 28.6% in 2008 and 10.4% in 2012; overall, 37.8% in 2008 and 12.9% in 2012) relative reduction of non–smokers, 63.6% and relative reduction of overall population 65.9%).

In contrast, among those that had not graduated, there had been an increase (although insignificant) in the exposure of tobacco smoke among non–smokers, from 23.3% in 2008 to 26.2% in 2012.

Results show that in governmental buildings and healthcare facilities, a significantly larger decrease is observed in urban than rural areas, with no significant reduction in exposure among the rural. This is also observed in workplaces, although it is not a large difference. In contrast, a larger decrease is observed among rural compared to urban in public transportation and homes. This is also observed in restaurants, although it is not a large difference.

In the workplace, in both rural and urban settings, there was no large difference observed in the reduction of exposure between the overall population (urban, 35.6% in 2008 and 9.3% in 2012; rural, 44.4% in 2008 and 21.1% in 2012) relative reductions of 59.0% for urban and 52.4% for rural) and that of non–smokers (urban, 29.4% in 2008 and 11.4% in 2012; rural, 37.6% in 2008 and 17.4% in 2012) relative reductions of 61.4% for urban and 53.8% for rural). In contrast, at home, there was a relatively larger difference observed, with greater reduction among non–smokers (urban, 44.7% in 2008 and 28.5% in 2012; rural, 53.3% in 2008 and 30.4% in 2012, relative reductions of 36.3% for urban and 43.0% for rural) than the overall population (urban, 55.0% in 2008 and 38.6% in 2012; rural, 59.2% in 2008 and 37.5% in 2012, relative reductions of 29.8% for urban and 36.7% for rural).

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