Diğer Metal Oksitler ve Foto Katalitik özellikleri

Titanyum oksit, demir oksit, seryum oksit ve bakır oksit dışında farklı metal oksitler ve bunların kompozitleri de organik kirleticilerin foto katalitik degradasyon için kullanılmaktadır. Bunlardan kalay oksit sahip olduğu 3.6 eV’luk bant aralığı enerjisi ile foto katalitik reaksiyonları desteklediği bildirilmiştir (Long vd., 2011). Kalay oksidin magnezyum oksit ile modifiye edildiği nanokompozitin bazı organik maddelerin foto katalitik bozulması için kullanılabilir olduğu gösterilmiştir (Bayal ve Jeevanandaam, 2013). Ayrıca kitozan ile modifiye kalay oksit’in, metil oranjın foto katalitik bozulmasında etkin rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir (Gupta vd 2017). Hetero yapıdaki Fe2O3-WO3, WO3-TiO2 ve MoO3-TiO2 nanokompozitlerinin görünür ışık altında Rhodamine B'nin foto katalitik bozulmasını önemli ölçüde arttırdığı gösterilmiştir (Bai vd., 2014; Bai vd., 2015).

Bizmut oksit (Bi2O3), 2.8 eV bant aralığı enerjisine sahip, non toksik, p-tibi bir yarı iletken malzemedir ve çeşitli boyaların degradasyonunda kullanılmaktadır (Xie vd., 2013). Asetaminofenin (APAP) fotodegradasyonu için β-Bi2O3’in kullanıldığı rapor edilmiştir (Xiao vd., 2013). Acid Yellow 29, Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 ve Acid Green 25 gibi organik boyaların foto-bozulması için%2 Ce- ve

84 KİMYA ARAŞTIRMALARI

%1.5 Nd katkılı Bi2O3 nanorodlar ile çalıştıklarını bildirmişlerdir (Raza vd., 2015).

SONUÇ

Çevre ve insan sağlığı için büyük problem olan organik kirleticilerin, çevre dostu, güvenli ve düşük maliyetli analitik yöntemlerle zararsız hale getirilebilmesi ve bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar bilim insanları için güncelliğini korumaktadır. Bu noktada zararlı organik kirleticilerin parçalanması için doğal, güvenli ve temiz güneş enerjisinin yarı iletken foto katalizörler tarafından kullanılması ve bu alanda gerçekleşen bütün teknolojik ilerlemeler umut vadetmektedir. Özellikle metal oksitler sergiledikleri foto katalitik özellikleri nedeniyle son yıllarda yoğun şekilde araştırılmaktadır. Foto katalizör olarak metal oksitlerin ekosistem için risk teşkil eden organik kirleticilerin giderilmesinde güneş ışığını kullanma potansiyeline sahip olması yeşil ve sürdürülebilir bir dünya için de son derece önemlidir.

Birçok metal oksit farklı sentez yöntemleri ile üretilebilir ve farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılabilir. Bunun yanında günümüzde foto katalizör olarak kullanılan metal oksitlerin nano boyutta farklı yapılarla veya yarı iletkenlerle hibrit materyalleri de üretilebilmektedir. Foto katalizör olarak kullanılan metal oksitlerin mevcut durumu ve geleceği teknolojik ilerlemelerle de paralellik göstermektedir. Kombine deneysel ve teorik çalışmalar, istatistiksel deney tasarım yöntemleri ile kullanıldığında çok yönlü işlevselliğe

sahip yeni foto katalizör parçacıkların tasarımı mümkün hale gelmektedir.

Sonuç olarak, yaşanabilir bir dünyanın önündeki önemli engellerden biri olan endüstriyel toksik atıkların, organik kirleticilerin, farmasotik ürün ve kalıntılarının doğa dostu ve ekonomik yöntemlerle bertaraf edilmesi geleceğimiz için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çevre üzerindeki bu baskının ortadan kaldırılabilmesi için var olan foto katalizörlere ek yeni foto katalizörlerin üretilmesi, geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması büyük fayda sağlayacaktır.

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BÖLÜM 4

PTFE, FEP VE PFA FLOR ESASLI POLİMER YÜZEY

KAPLAMALARIN AŞINMA, YAPIŞMA VE KOROZYON