Ülkemizin 77.8 milyon ha olan toprak varl n n yakla k 27.7milyon hektar n tar m arazisi olu turmaktad r (Anonymous,1996). Tar mda vazgeçilemeyecek en önemli husus topra n do ru ve bilinçli bir ekilde kullan lmas d r.
Dünyada tar ma elveri li yakla k 1.5 milyar ha arazi bulunmaktad r. Bunun 0,4 milyar hektar toprak i leme uygulamalar ndan etkilenmektedir (Brady,1996).
Modern tar m tekni inde an z yakmak son derece yanl bir yöntemdir. An z yakma sadece topra n üst tabakalar ndaki mikroorganizmalar öldüren organik maddeyi azaltan basit bir uygulama gibi dü ünülmemelidir. Aksine yakman olumsuz etkilerinin 2-3 y l sonra ç kmaya ba lad ve topraklar n fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerini geni ölçüde etkileyen bir olay olarak dü ünülmelidir. An z yakma sonucu kar la lan zararlar n ço unu telafi etmek mümkün olmamaktad r.
Yapt m z bu çal mada an z yakma s ras nda ortaya ç kan s cakl klar n topraklar nas l etkiledi i ara t r lm t r. Ara t rma sonuçlar na göre topraklar n pH dengesi bozulmu , tuzluluk oran artm , organik madde neredeyse tamamen kaybolmu , yüzey alan azalm t r. Ayr ca yüksek s cakl klarda uygulanan s tma topraklar n tekstür s n flar n n de i ece ini göstermi tir.
Ülkemizde genel alan n n %63.2 si ve toplam tar m alan n n %72.1 inin su erozyonuna, genel alan n % 0.5 nin ve toplam tar m alan n n %1.52 sinin rüzgar erozyona aç k oldu u dikkate al nd nda (Ceyhan, 1999) uygulanacak an z yak mlar topraklar m z n erozyona hassasiyetini art rak, topra n dengesini tamamen bozacak çölle meye, tuzlula maya, erozyona neden olacakt r.
An z yakman n bitki besin elementlerinin art ba lang çta verim üzerine olumlu bir etki yap yor gibi görünse de sonra bu etki birkaç y l içinde ortadan kalkacakt r.
Tar mda esas, topra n üretkenli ini, dayan kl l n art rmakt r. Memleketimiz gibi topraklar n n ço u organik maddece fakir ve topografyas erozyona müsait olan yerlerde an z yakma kesinlikle yap lmamal d r.
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