O sono é um fenômeno biológico e fisiológico de grande importância no organismo, porém insuficientemente entendido. Pesquisas sobre o comportamento de sono em humanos são de difícil aplicabilidade devido ao alto custo, e a dificuldade em encontrar voluntários e controlar experimentos em laboratórios. Nesse sentido, o peixe paulistinha aparece como vantajoso modelo animal, pois apresenta controle do sono por ciclo circadiano, alteração comportamental em condição de privação de sono e responsividade a drogas relacionadas à indução/privação de sono, além de seu relevante aspecto translacional em pesquisas com mamíferos.
Em termos de desempenho cognitivo, nosso estudo apresentou resultados significativos do peixe paulistinha nos três paradigmas testados: discriminação de objetos, aprendizagem aversiva baseada em punição e aprendizagem apetitiva baseada em reforço. Nas três tarefas aplicadas, a privação parcial de sono não prejudicou a performance dos animais, no entanto, a privação total de sono afetou negativamente a percepção do estimulo, a aprendizagem e a formação/resgate de memória. Além disso, a exposição ao álcool na noite anterior ao teste parece favorecer o descanso do animal, que responde ao teste cognitivo posterior com boa performance. Ademais, a melatonina exógena não melhorou o desempenho do animal nas tarefas cognitivas, seja porque não permitiu o sono ou porque interferiu diretamente na aprendizagem.
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