都會區原住民青少年憂鬱症狀之縱貫性研究
A Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms among Metropolitan Indigenous Adolescents
中文摘要
本研究的主要目的在於探討居住於台北縣市的都會區原住民青少年，其生活困 擾、憂鬱症狀之變化，以及影響原住民青少年憂鬱症狀之相關因素。研究資料來 自於「原住民青少年心理衛生狀況及成癮行為調查」計畫，係為期三年之縱貫性 計畫，研究期間為2000 年至 2002 年。此研究計畫以結構式問卷進行家訪，問卷 內容包括個人基本資料、健康行為、生活滿意、憂鬱症狀、家庭生活等。而本研究 係針對此計畫三年期間均有參與的153 位樣本進行分析。
研究結果發現，樣本的生活困擾以學業問題最為嚴重，其次較高的項目是 經濟問題，而經濟困擾有逐年上升的趨勢。憂鬱症狀項目方面，三年間之變化不 大，以肌肉酸痛、頭痛、頭暈、失眠不易入睡等項目最為嚴重。而憂鬱症狀分數在 不區分性別的前提下，三年下來可說是沒有多大的變化，接下來分別以男性與 女性樣本分別觀察，發現女性三年間的憂鬱分數皆高於男性，且在第三年達到 顯著差異。另外，是否與父母同住、自覺健康狀況、是否有偏差行為，以及在生 活困擾中，是否有通學不便問題、健康問題、經濟問題、學業問題與族群融和問 題等，在三年期間，與樣本憂鬱症狀之分數皆有顯著差異。值得注意的是，雖然 樣本之生活困擾中，學業問題為影響憂鬱症狀分數之因素，但再針對樣本之班 上排名進行分析時，發現在全班前二十名以及全班後二十名之樣本，其三年之 憂鬱症狀分數皆無顯著差異，顯示學業的困擾似乎與成績無關。另外，從相關分 析中也顯示嚴厲管教與憂鬱症狀間存在某種關聯性。而更進一步分析後發現，連 續三年與父母同住者，其憂鬱症狀分數會低於與父母居住之其它狀況，尤其是 顯著的低於連續三年不與父母同住者。另外連續三年有健康問題、經濟問題、學 業問題者，其三年之憂鬱症狀分數的變化也呈現向上攀升的趨勢。
最後，本研究係針對上述之結果進行討論，並提供建議以為相關實務工作 或未來研究之參考。
英文摘要
The major purposes of this study are to explore the variations of life disturbances, depressive symptoms, and relevant factors that influence
depressive symptoms among metropolitan indigenous adolescents. Data resource is Surveys for Mental Health Status and Addicted Behaviors of Indigenous
Adolescents. A total of 153 indigenous adolescents from junior high schools were recruited in this three-wave panel survey, with initial data collection in 2000. Data were amassed via face-to-face interviews by using a structured questionnaire dealing with demographic data of the respondents, health behaviors, life
satisfaction, depressive symptoms, family life, etc.
Major results were as follows: life satisfaction and academic performance are the most important factors in their life disturbances, followed by financial
problems, and showed an ascending tendency each year. There was no obvious difference between these three years in depressive symptoms: e.g., muscle soreness, headaches, faintness, dizziness, or insomnia. The respondents’ scores of depressive symptoms scale were also no significant difference between these three years. But when considering gender, we found depression scale scores of females higher for the following three years, and displayed a marked difference in the third year. Exploring further the depression scale score correlations, we found that living with parents, perceived health status, deviant behavior, commuting to school convinently, health problems, financial problems, academic performance, and problems in assimilation of ethnic groups all showed significant differential outcome in depression scale scores during these three years. While academic performance was one of the correlates of depressive symptoms, we found no difference after dividing all respondents into two groups: the top twenty and others. We also found by correlation analysis some correlation between severe nurturance style and depressive symptoms of indigenous adolescents. The depression scale scores of those who lived with their parents were lower than those who didn’t live with their parents during the period. We also found that the respondents with health problems, financial problems, academic performance would get higher depression scale scores and went ascending tendency in the mean time.
According to the results, specific suggestions for practice workers and future researches are offered.
