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Feed Additives

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Feed Additives

Dr. Özge SIZMAZ

University of Ankara Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases,

Ankara, Turkey

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Toxin Binders

• Toxin binders are used to reduce mycotoxicosis and be beneficial for livestock health and productivity.

• Mycotoxicosis can be occured by toxins produced by moulds.

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Toxin Binders

• What is mycotoxin??

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Toxin Binders

• Aflatoxins

• Ochratoxin A

• Zearalenone

• Deoxynivalenol

• T-2 toxin

• Fumonisins.

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Toxin Binders

• Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus

• T2 fusariotoxins Fusarium spp.

• Ochratoxins Aspergillus ochraceus

• Rubratoxin Penicillium rubrum

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Toxin Binders

• How can we reduce?

1. Reducing their absorption and bioavailability by using various mycotoxin binders.

The common of these are:

 aluminosilicates

Bentonite

Montmorillonite

Zeolite

aqueus sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)

active carbons.

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Toxin Binders

2. Using non-toxic metabolites:

indigestable complex carbonhydrates (bacterium and yeast cell walls)

Enzyme

Vitamin

amino-acid

synthetic polymers like cholestralamine, polivinil- polipirrolidon polymers (PVPP).

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Toxin Binders

• Toxin binders principle is coming from interactions

between mycotoxins in the feed and binders with the consuming animal and the absorption across the

digestive tract.

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Toxin Binders

Silicate binders

Silicates are divided into subclasses by their structures

The most common studied of these materials is a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS).

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Toxin Binders

Silicate binders

• ..can bind aflatoxin by chelating the β-dicarbonyl with uncoordinated metal ions in the clay materials

• ..can be mentioned“aflatoxin-selective clay,”

not a good adsorbent of other mycotoxins

not to be protective against multiple mycotoxins

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Toxin Binders

Silicate binders

Other silicates are: bentonites, zeolites, clinoptilolites and various others

The clay group is a subcategory of the phyllosilicates.

Bentonite; originating from volcanic ash and containing primarily montmorillonite

Montmorillonite; hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide

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Toxin Binders

Silicate binders

Clays include a high concentration of water.

Zeolites; «tectosilicates»= can lose and absorb water by preventing their crystal structures.

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Toxin Binders

Organic polymers as binders Undigestible dietary fiber

For instance; alfalfa fiber zearalenone and T-2 toxin

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Toxin Binders

Organic polymers as binders

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live yeast) is effective for aflatoxin in broiler diets.

The esterified glucan polymer may bind several mycotoxins (zearalenone and T2 toxin)

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Toxin Binders

Organic polymers as binders

Bacteria, esp. lactic acid bacteria, propionibacteria and bifidobacteria can bind mycotoxins (aflatoxin and some Fusarium mycotoxins)

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Toxin Binders

Desirable Characteristics of a Binder

• must be effective at multiple mycotoxin without in some cases

• should be significantly effect in animal toxicity

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Toxin Binders

Desirable Characteristics of a Binder Should be practical and profitable.

should be no harmfull effects on the animal food product

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Toxin Binders

Desirable Characteristics of a Binder

should be physically usable in commercial feed company

should be verifiable

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