Male Reproductive system
• Male reproductive system of birds is extremely simple, consisting of two testes, each having an epididymis and vas deferens.
• The testis is located along the backbone within the abdominal cavity.
• It is light yellow in the form of ellipsoid.
• However, they appear red because of the blood vessels on the outer surface.
Female reproductive system
• Poultry produce many eggs throughout their lives.
• Each egg carries an ovum and can be fertilized while the chicken is in the body.
• The egg white and shell are stored on egg yolk after fertilization.
• Whether or not the chicken is inseminated with semen, the same number of eggs is constantly.
• Fertilized and non-fertilized eggs have the same chemical composition.
• Laying hens cannot lay more than one egg per day.
• The sperm storage tubes in the chicken vagina allow mating or artificial insemination to occur at intervals.
• Some of the spermatozoa are released from these tubes before ovulation and the sperm and egg yolk reach the infindibulum.
• The hen's sperm storage level is quite good. Poultry can give fertilized eggs for 28 days after the first insemination.
• Optimum fertilization time with last insemination is considered 6-12 days in goose, duck, quail and chickens.
• During incubation, left ovary develops.
• Ovary; thousands of small egg cells (follicles) consists of clusters.
• When the animal reaches sexual maturity, the follicles in series begin to grow.
• Follicles, which were initially grayish-white, turn yellow to bright yellow.
