BIO-309 BIOCHEMISTRY I

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BIO-309

BIOCHEMISTRY I

III. WEEK

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LECTURE CONTENTS OF THIRD WEEK

• Introduction to Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins

• Basic amino and non-essential amino acids and formulas, pKa values, isoelectric points, their

biological importance, ampholites, primary structures

of proteins, protomer and prosthetic groups.

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• Proteins involved in a variety of functions in living

organisms are composed of 20 fundamental amino

acids covalently linked in specific sequence present

in every cell.

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FUNDAMENTAL AMİNO ACİDS

• First of all the formulas of amino acids will be written,

• To be classified according to the characteristics of radical groups,

• Information about non-essential amino acids will be

discussed,

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutritionadvance.com%2Fessential-amino-acids-functions

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• Biomolecules with chiral centers are known to be

present in nature in D or L in a single stereoisomeric form.

• The amino acids found in natural proteins are in the

form of L stereoisomers.

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• D-amino acid residues: some peptides in the bacterial cell wall, will be given as examples.

• The formulas and functions of rare amino acids in

natural proteins such as 4-hydroxyproline, 5-

hydroxylysine, 6-N-methyllizine, gamma-

carboxyglutamate, dezmosine, selenocysteine,

phosphoserine, ornithine, citrulline will be determined.

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•Amino and carboxyl groups of amino acids, ionized

groups of radical groups of some amino acids may serve

as weak acid and weak base. In aqueous solutions at

neutral pH, they may also act as acid or base.

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• Amino acids that act like this ( which means acid against the base base against acid) are called amphoteric or ampholites.

• Zwitterion, hybrid ion, twin ion concepts will be explained by writing.

• Titration graphs of glycine, glutamic acid and histidine

will be drawn.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fdrkalpeshnakrani%2Famphoteric- nature-of-aminoacids-

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.docsity.com%2Fen%2Fbiochemistry-of-protein-

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fjammalavamsikrishna

%2Famino-acids-

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fbharathpharmacist

%2Fproteins-

basics&psig=AOvVaw3msNdZO66uD6pdWNmEmOzY&ust=1589380683614000&source=images&cd=

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• The isoelectric point, isoelectric pH or pI values will be shown on the plotted graphs.

• Oligopeptide, polypeptide, amino and carboxyl end,

pKa value concepts will be determined

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• Amfoter,

• Zwitter ion,

• Isoelectric point concepts will be processed,

• Titration graphs of amino acids will be plotted.

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REFERENCES

MAIN : Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, David

L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, 5th Edition, 2013.

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Principles of Biochemistry, H. R. Horton, L. A.

Moran, K. G. Scrimgeour, M. D. Perry, J. D. Rawn, Pearson Prentis Hall, 2006.

Color Atlas of Biochemistry, J. Koolman, K. H.

Roehm, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005.

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Harper’s Illustrated BiochemIstry, R. K. Murray, D. K. Granner, P. A. Mayes, V. W. Rodwell, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical PublishIng DIvIsIon, 2003.

Basic Concepts in Biochemistry, A Student’s Survival Guide, H. F. Gilbert, McGraw-Hill Health Proffesions Division, 2000.