靈芝子實體殘渣衍生物的抗菌活性之研究
Studies of antibacterial activity of derivatives from residue
Ganoderma fruiting bodies
中文摘要
近年來已有學者證實由蝦蟹外殼分離出來的幾丁質具有抗菌的活性，由於靈芝殘
渣中亦含有豐富的幾丁質等成份，不僅可做為廢物利用提高產品價值，且靈芝的
幾丁質在萃取過程中不需經如蝦蟹幾丁質的脫鈣製程，所以在取得上較為簡便。
本實驗便在於測試靈芝殘渣中的剩餘物質是否也如甲殼類動物幾丁質般具有抑
制細菌生長之活性。利用靈芝子實體廢渣中經純化後之
SACCHACHITIN、
SACCHACHITOSAN 及 SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE，並取 chitin、chitosan、
D-glucosamine、N-acetylglucosamine 之標準品進行比對。除此之外，也
將其與部分抗生素併用，以測試是否可與抗生素產生協同作用。初步發現，以
D-glucosamine 高壓滅菌處理後的抗菌效果最佳，對 Bacillus subtilis、
Staphylococcus aureus、Escherichia coli、Pseudomonas aeruginosa
及
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)均有強烈的抑菌
效果。 N-acetylglucosamine 的效果次之，而靈芝及試藥級的幾丁質(Chitin)
及幾丁聚醣(Chitosan)則無顯著效果。在抗生素的協同作用測試上則發現，
N-acetylglucosamine 及由靈芝中萃取所得的 SACCHACHITIN 在不同的菌
種上對不同的抗生素的確具有協同作用。將
SACCHACHITIN 水解後取得之
SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE 與市售 glucosamine 進行比對，TLC 的結果發現，
SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE 中亦具有 glucosamine 的成分。再進行生長曲線的
測定比對，也可以發現兩者皆有抑制細菌生長的效果。綜合以上之結果將為靈芝
殘渣開發另一用途，並為抗生素濫用而造成抗性之問題，開拓另一解決之途徑。
英文摘要
In recent years , many reports described chitin isolated from outer skeleton of crustaceans possessed antimicrobial activity . In previous studies of our laboratory , fruiting bodies of Ganoderma was employed as other source of chitin which is found in the waste part , after the extraction of triterpenoids and polysaccharides . The waste residue of Ganoderma provided an ready material for chitin purification since it contains no calcium as in crab shell and can be easily fabricated into membrane for its filamentous property . The purpose of this study is aimed to study the chitin and its derivatives from Ganoderma for antibiotic activity . SACCHACHITIN (chitin from Ganoderma ) , SACCHACHITOSAN (chitosan from Ganoderma ) ,
SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE (glucosamine from Ganoderma ) , were used for antibacterial tests as well as the pure standards of chitin , chitosan , and
glucosamine . The tests including paper disc liguid culture growth curve were employed with the addition of chitin and its derivatives . The synergistic effect combined with antibiotics was also investigated . The results indicated that the autoclaved glucosamine performed significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth in liguid culture in the strains of Bacillus subtitis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). N-acetylglucosamine also present antibacterial activity in a less effective degree , whereas SACCHACHITSAN , SACCHACHITIN , chitin and chitosan showed no antibacterial effect in a level from 0.01﹪to 0.5﹪in the medium . However , N-acetylglucosamine and SACCHACHITIN were found to be synergistic with several antibiotics against all the tested bacteria in a concentration ranging from 0.1﹪to 0.5﹪. The autoclaved SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE , the HCl hydrolysate of SACCHACHITOSAN showed only partial antibacterial effect to all the bacteria . The analysis of TLC , H-NMR and 13C-NMR could suggested that
glucosamine or SACCHAGLUCOSAMINE transformed into oligomer through the process of autoclaving , that turned uneffective glucosamine monomer into bacterial static one . The study provided on addition use for application Ganoderma fruiting body .
