NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(IR 421)
HUMAN RIGHTS CONCEPT, ITS HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS
Concept
Historical Development of Human Rights
1) First Generation Rights
a) Individual Rights and Liberties (Negative Status Rights)
• Right to life
• Freedom of Expression
• Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Expression
• Property Rights etc.
b) Political Rights and Liberties (Active Status Rights)
Right to Elect and Elected etc.
HUMAN RIGHTS CONCEPT, ITS HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS
2) Second Generation Rights
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Positive Status Rights)
Right to Education
Gender Equality
Right to Work
Right to be a Member of a Trade Union etc.
3) Third Generation Rights (New Rights)
Solidarity Rights
Communication Rights
Patient Rights
Rights of the Disabled Persons etc.
THE ENTRY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA
1) The Period Before World War Two
Rights of the Religious and Ethnic Minorities
Abolition of Slavery
Humanisation of the “Military Law”
Labor Rights
2) The Outbreak of World War Two and Developments in the Field of Human Rights
Formation of “Democratic Front”
“Atlantic Declaration”
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
UNITED NATIONS (UN)
1) Main Organs of the UN
a) General Assembly b) Security Council
c) Economic and Social Council d) Trusteeship Council
e) International Court of Justice f) Secretariat
2) Charter of the United Nations
Articles 1/3; 2/4; 2/7; 13; 41; 42; 51; 54; 55; 56
UNITED NATIONS (UN)
3) Other Documents Accepted by the United Nations
a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
b) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Articles 1; 27; Optional Protocol to the Covenant
c) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
d) Convention on the Rights of the Child
Articles 17; 29; 30.
4) Controlling Mechansims Formed within the United Nations
Council of Europe (CoE)
1) CoE in Brief
2) Main Organs of the CoE
Committee of Ministers
Committee of Ministers’ Deputies
Parliamentary Assembly
Congress of Local and Regional Authorities
Conference of International Non-governmental Organisation
Secretary General
3) Statute of the CoE
Articles 1; 3; 8
Council of Europe (CoE)
4) European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
a) ECHR in Brief
b) Special Features of the Convention
5) Control Mechanism Brought about by the ECHR
c) Before Protocol No. 11 to the ECHR d) After Protocol No. 11 to the ECHR
6) European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
e) Inter-state Applications (Article 33) f) Individual Applications (Article 34)
Council of Europe
7) Functioning of the Control Mechanism of the ECtHR
a) Organisation of the Court b) Pocedure before the Court
i) General
ii) Admissibility Procedure iii) Procedure on the Merits iv) Judgements
v) Advisory Opinions
c) Committee of Ministers
8) Other Documents of the CoE
European Union (EU) and Human Rights
1) Brief History of the European Integration: From European Community to the European Union
2)EU Law and Human Rights
a) Interpretation of “… The European Court of Justice provides respect for law”
b) Resolutions of the European Parliament, Council and the Commission c) Judgements of the European Court of Justice
i) Stauder Case
ii) Internationale Handelgesellschaft Case iii) Nold Case
iv) Rutili Case
3) Copenhagen Criteria
a) Economic Criteria: Market Economy b) Acquis Communitaire
c) Political Criteria: Supremacy of Law; Plural Democracy; Human an Minority Rights
Organisation of American States and Human Rights
1) Organisation of American States in Brief
2) American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
3) American Convention on Human Rights
a) American Convention on Human Rights in Brief b) Special Features of the Convention
c) Control Mechanism Brought about by the American Convention on Human Rights
Organisation of African Unity (OAU)and Human Rights
1) OAU in Brief
2) African Charter of Human and People’s Rights
a) Special Fetaures of the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights
b) Control Mechanizm Provided in the Charter
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
1) From Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) to the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 2) Brief History of the CSCE and its Importance
a) Helsinki Final Act
b) From the Helsinki Final Act to the Paris Charter c) Human Dimension Meetings
3) Budapest Summit and the OSCE 4) Main Organs of the OSCE
5) OSCE and the Protection of Minorities
d) Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE
e) Report of the CSCE Meeting of Experts on National Minorities, Geneva f) 1992 Helsinki Document and High Commissioner on National Minorities g) The Vienna and Moscow Mechanisms
h) Recent Developments
