Musculi thoracis (Muscles of the trunk)

Musculi thoracis

(Muscles of the trunk)

 M.pectoralis descendens

 M.pectoralis transversus

 M.pectoralis ascendens

 M.subclavius (eq, su, cap)

 Mm.intercostales externi - inspiration

 Mm.intercostales interni - expiration

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Musculi thoracis

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 M.pectoralis descendens

 M.pectoralis transversus

 M.pectoralis ascendens

 M.subclavius (eq, su, cap)

Musculi thoracis

 Mm.intercostales externi - inspiration

 Mm.intercostales interni - expiration

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Musculi abdominis

(Muscles of the abdomen)

Four muscles forming the ventrolateral abdominal wall;

M.obliquus externus abdominis

M.obliquus internus abdominis

 M.transversus abdominis

M.rectus abdominis

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Musculi abdominis

 M.obliquus externus abdominis

Muscle fibers pass obliquelly caudo-ventral direction.

Ribs prepubic tendon

inguinal ligament linea alba (white line)

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Musculi abdominis

 M.obliquus internus abdominis

Muscle fibers strech away cranio-ventral direction.

Tuber coxae+Lumbar vertebrate Linea alba inguinal lig.

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Musculi abdominis

 M.transversus abdominis

Fibers of the deepest muscle of abdomen run transverserly in dorso-ventral direction.

Lumbar vertebrate Linea alba

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Musculi abdominis

 M.rectus abdominis

Muscle fibers are cranio-caudal direction.

Sternum Tendo prepubicus

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Vagina musculi recti abdominis

 Wide aponeurotic tendons of the three abdominal muscles (external

oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis) form a sheet around the rectus abdominis.

 Two layers of sheet are external and internal lamina

 External lamina consists of oblique muscles

 Internal lamina consists of transverse muscle

*** Intersectiones tendineae:

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Musculi abdominis

 M.rectus abdominis

Vagina musculi recti abdominis

Lamina externa aponeurosis of m.obl.ext.abd.

aponeurosis of m.obl.int.abd.

Lamina interna aponeurosis of m.trans.abd.

transversal fascia

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Vagina musculi recti abdominis

Lamina externa aponeurosis of m.obliquus externus abdominis aponeurosis of m.obliquus internus abdominis Lamina interna aponeurosis of m.transversus abdominis

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Musculi caudae (Muscles of the tail)

 M.sacrococcygeus dorsalis medialis

 M.sacrococcygeus dorsalis lateralis

 M.intertransversarii caudae

 M.sacrococcygeus ventralis medialis

 M.sacrococcygeus ventralis lateralis

 M.coccygeus

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Musculi membri thoracici (Muscles of the forelimb)

 M.deltoideus (1)

 M.infraspinatus (2)

 M.supraspinatus (2)

 M.teres major (1)

 M.subscapularis (3)

 M.biceps brachii (4) lacertus fibrosus

 M.coracobrachialis (4)

 M.brachialis (4)

 M.triceps brachii (5)

 M.tensor fasciae antebrachii (5)

 M.brachioradialis (car.) (5)

 M.extensor carpi radialis (5)

 M.extensor digitorum communis (5)

 M.extensor digitorum lateralis (5)

 M.extensor carpi ulnaris (m.ulnaris lateralis) (5)

 M.flexor carpi radialis (6)

 M.flexor carpi ulnaris (7)

 M.flexor digitorum superficialis (7)

 M.flexor digitorum profundus (6,7)

 M.interosseus medius (7)

 M.abductor pollicis (digiti I) longus (5)

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1) N.axillaris, 2) N.suprascapularis, 3) N.subscapularis, 4) N.musculocutaneus,

5) N.radialis, 6) N.medianus, 7) N.ulnaris

M.deltoideus (Deltoid muscle)

 Spina of scapula - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

 Flexor of the shoulder

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M.supraspinatus – M.infraspinatus

Supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles

 M.supraspinatus (fossa supraspinata - greater tubercle of humerus) Extensor of the shoulder

 M.infraspinatus (fossa infraspinata – greater tubercle of humerus) Flexor of the shoulder

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Mm.Membri thoracici

 M.teres major

Caudal border of Scapula - Tub.teres major of humerus

 M.subscapularis

fossa subscapularis – lesser tubercle of humerus Adductor of the shoulder

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Mm.Membri thoracici

 M.biceps brachii

Tub.supraglenoidale – Tuberositas radii

Lacertus fibrosus – Tub.ossis metacarpalis III

 M.brachialis Sulcus m.brachialis

Biceps and brachialis are extensor of the shoulder, flexor of the elbow

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 Short tendon; Attaches to the radial tuberosity

 Long tendon (lacertus fibrosus); With the extensor carpi radialis muscle, Attach to proximal end of the third metacarpal bone. In horse, it has an essential role in forelimb statics and maintaining the standing position for long time period

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Mm.Membri thoracici

 M.triceps brachii

Caput longum, Caput laterale, Caput mediale Caput accessorium (four head in car, su, ov) Margo caudalis (Scapula) - Tuber olecrani

 M.tensor fasciae antebrachii M.latissimus dorsi - Tuber olecrani

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Extensor muscles of the arm

All of them originate from lateral epicondyl of humerus.

M.extensor carpi radialis (extention) (metacarpus)

M.extensor digitorum communis (extention) (phalanx distalis)

M.extensor digitorum lateralis (extention) (phalanx proximalis)

M.extensor carpi ulnaris [extention (car, su)+flexion (eq, ru)] (os carpi accessorium)

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Extensor muscles

 M.extensor carpi radialis

 M.extensor digitorum communis

 M.extensor digitorum lateralis

 M.extensor carpi ulnaris

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Extensor muscles

 M.extensor carpi radialis (extension)

 M.extensor digitorum communis (extension)

 M.extensor digitorum lateralis (extension)

 M.extensor carpi ulnaris (extension+flexion)

Coto n.radialis

Knuckling - Lameness

Mm.Membri thoracici

 M.brachioradialis (car)

 M.abductor pollicis (digiti I) longus

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Flexor muscles of the arm

They are located in caudo-medial side of the antebrachium.

All of them originate from medial epicondyl of humerus.

M.flexor carpi radialis (Metacarpus)

M.flexor carpi ulnaris (Os carpi accessorium)

 M.flexor digitorum superficialis (Phalanx media)

 M.flexor digitorum profundus (Phalanx distalis)

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Palmar tendons of the digit

 Tendon of the M.flexor digitorum superficialis (superior check ligament)

 Tendon of the M.flexor digitorum profundus (inferior check ligament)

 Tendon of the M.interosseus medius (suspensory ligament)

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Musculi membri pelvini (Muscles of the pelvic limb)

LOIN, HIP, THIGH and CRUS MUSCLES

Loin: Proximal cranio-medial region of thigh and hip

Hip: Region between greater trochanter and crest of ilium

Thigh: Region between the stifle and greater trochanter of femur

 Crus: Region between stifle and hock joint

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LOIN MUSCLES

The muscles originate from the thoracal and lumbal vertebrae, insert on the coxae and femur

They flex the hip also flex and fix the lumbal vertebral column

 M.iliopsoas - M.iliacus

- M.psoas major

 M.psoas minor

***Steak fillet (tenderloin)*** Coto

HIP MUSCLES

The muscles are located on gluteal region, originating from the ilium and inserting on femur

They extend the hip joint (except tensor fascia latae) They are also abductor muscles of the hindlimb

 M.gluteus superficialis - m.gluteobiceps (Ru)

 M.gluteus medius

 M.gluteus profundus

 M.tensor fasciae latae (Attach to patella)

 M.gluteofemoralis (fe) Coto

THIGH MUSCLES

They are divided three groups according to their position ;

 Cranial muscles of femur

 Caudo-lateral muscles of femur

 Medial muscles of femur

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THIGH MUSCLES

CRANIAL MUSCLES (M.quadriceps femoris) Extend from coxae and femur to tibial tuberosity

They act as flexor of the hip, extensor of the stifle joint

 M.rectus femoris

 M.vastus lateralis

 M.vastus medialis

 M.vastus intermedius

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THIGH MUSCLES

CAUDO-LATERAL MUSCLES OF FEMUR Extend from the ischiadic tuberosity to stifle joint

 M.biceps femoris

 M.semitendinosus (IM injection area)

 M.semimembranosus

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THIGH MUSCLES

MEDIAL MUSCLES OF FEMUR (Adductor group)

They originate from the coxae and attach the limb bones

 M.sartorius

 M.pectineus

 M.gracilis

 M.adductor

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Femoral triangle

 The area bounded (formed) by the sartorius muscle cranially, the gracilis and the pectineus muscles caudally, the iliopsoas and the medial vastus muscles dorso- laterally, the femoral fascia in medially. Femoral artery passing through it, so it is a good place for taking pulsation in carnivores.

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MUSCLES OF THE CRUS

CRANIO-LATERAL MUSCLES OF CRUS

They generally extend the digits but flex the tarsus. It is totally different from the similar region of forelimb

 M.tibialis cranialis

 M.extensor digitorum longus (Superficial in eq and car)

 M.peroneus (fibularis) tertius

(Superficial in ru and su) (absent in car)

 M.peroneus (fibularis) longus (absent in eq)

 M.extensor digitorum lateralis

 M.peroneus (fibularis) brevis (car) Coto

MUSCLES OF THE CRUS

CAUDAL MUSCLES OF THE CRUS They flex the digit and tarsus

 M.triceps surae

- M.gastrocnemius

Caput laterale et mediale - M.soleus (absent in car)

 M.flexor digitorum superficialis

 M.flexor digitorum profundus - M.flexor digitorum longus - M.tibialis caudalis

- M.flexor digiti I (hallucis) longus

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Tendo calcanei communis (Tendon of Achilles)

The most powerful tendon of the hindlimb. It consists of;

Tendon of M.gastrocnemius

Tendon of M.soleus

Aponeurosis of M.biceps femoris

Aponeurosis of M.semitendinosus

Aponeurosis of M.flexor digitorum superficialis

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In cadaver

 EQ

-M.tibialis cranialis -M.ext.digit.longus -M.ext.digit.lateralis -M.soleus

-M.flex.hallucis longus

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 RU

-M.tibialis cranialis -M.peroneus tertius -M.peroneus longus -M.ext.digit.lateralis -M.tibialis caudalis -M.flex.hallucis longus

 SU

-M.tibialis cranialis -M.peroneus tertius -M.peroneus longus -M.ext.digit.lateralis -M.flex.hallucis longus -M.soleus

 CAR

-M.tibialis cranialis -M.ext.digit.longus -M.peroneus longus -M.ext.digit.lateralis -M.flex.hallucis longus -M.flex.digit.superf.