Horse Breeding

Horse

Breeding

Prof. Dr. Necmettin ÜNAL

Ankara University

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry

Prof. Dr. Necmettin ÜNAL

Ankara University

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry

Food Source (Meat, Milk) Force

 The horse has been more important in the past than today.

 It is accepted that the horse was domesticated in 3000 BC.

History and importance of

horse breeding

 After domestication, horses started to be used for various purposes, which have changed throughout history.

 Horses have been widely used in agriculture, transportation and army.

 In the armies, horses were extensively used until the second world war.

History and importance of

horse breeding

 Nowadays, horse breeding is mostly undertaken for sport and recreation purposes.

 On the other hand, many farms in some countries or regions still use horses for agricultural work and the transportation of goods and people.

History and importance of

horse breeding

Horse

 Work

• Agriculture

• Transportation

• Lugging

• Riding

• Carrying

Breeding purposes

 Flat racing

 Equestrian Sports

 Meat production

• After Worl War II;

Horse number (x Million head)

Horse number and distribution

Horse number in Turkey

Horse number in EU

The origin of the horse The origin of the horse

Domestication of thr horse Domestication of thr horse

Equus tarpan

Equus prezevalski Equus robustus

Utilization of the horses

I. Foal production I. Foal productionI. Foal production I. Foal production

II. Racing performance II. Racing performanceII. Racing performance II. Racing performance

III. Meat production III. Meat productionIII. Meat production III. Meat production

The factors affecting racing performance

Racing

Performance

1. Genotype 1. Genotype1. Genotype 1. Genotype

2. Body structure 2. Body structure2. Body structure 2. Body structure

3. Environment 3. Environment3. Environment 3. Environment

 Race performance is a quantitative character influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Horse meat production in World (Ton) (FAO)

Horse meat production in EU (Ton) (FAO)

Aging Horses by Their Teeth

Sources of information for aging 1. Maxillary arcade and Mandibular Arcade 1. Maxillary arcade and Mandibular Arcade 1. Maxillary arcade and Mandibular Arcade 1. Maxillary arcade and Mandibular Arcade 2. Milk

2. Milk 2. Milk

and permanent incisors and permanent incisors 2. Milk

and permanent incisors and permanent incisors 3. Cups

3. Cups 3. Cups 3. Cups

4. Enamel spot 4. Enamel spot 4. Enamel spot 4. Enamel spot 5. Dental star

5. Dental star 5. Dental star

5. Dental star

6. Hook 6. Hook 6. Hook 6. Hook

7. Galvayne's groove 7. Galvayne's groove 7. Galvayne's groove 7. Galvayne's groove

8. Shape of the incisors

8. Shape of the incisors 8. Shape of the incisors

8. Shape of the incisors

There are 4 stages

0 - 2,5 years: Eruption milk incisors, and cup disappearing in the milk incisors

2,5 – 5 Years: Milk incisors shedding and eruption permanent incisors

5 - 8 Years: Cup disappearing in the permanenet incisors in the bottom jaw

> 8 Years: Cup disappearing in the permanenet incisors in the top jaw. In addition, utilization from enamel spot, dental star, hook, Galvayne's Groove and shape of the incisors

Aging Horses by Their Teeth