3 rd International Conference on Engineering Technology
and Applied Sciences
ICETAS 2018
Skopje/Macedonia 17-21 July 2018
www.icetas.com
ii
Book of Abstracts
ISBN:978-605-4444-12-0
Book of Abstracts of the International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences
(ICETAS 2018)
Edited by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL Asist. Prof. Dr. Ahmet YÖNETKEN Published Afyon Kocatepe University, July 2018,
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerized system or published in any form or in any manner, including, but not limited to electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher www.icetas.com [email protected] The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a result of content derived from this publication.
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Welcome to ICETAS 2018
On behalf of the organizing committee The Conference organized every one years, respectively;
Afyon Kocatepe University in 2016 – Afyonkarahisar, Technical Universityof Cluj-Napoca in 2017 Romania, 17-21 May 2018 in Skopje/Macedonia we are pleased to announce that the 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences (ICETAS 2018) is held from 17-21 July, 2018 in Skopje/Macedonia ICETAS 2018 provides an ideal academic platform for researchers to present the latest research findings and describe emerging technologies, and directions in Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences issues. The conference seeks to contribute to presenting novel research results in all aspects of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. The conference aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research results, ideas, developments, and applications in all areas of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. The conference will bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and scholars in the domain of interest from around the world. ICETAS 2018 is the oncoming event of the successful conference series focusing on Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences. The scientific program focuses on current advances in the research, production and use of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences with particular focus on their role in maintaining academic level in Engineering and Applied Sciences and elevating the science level.
The conference's goals are to provide a scientific forum for all international prestige scholars around the world and enable the interactive exchange of state-of-the-art knowledge. The conference will focus on evidence-based benefits proven in clinical trials and scientific experiments. Best regards,
Chairman of Conference Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL
iv HONORARY COMITTIEE
Prof. dr. Azis K.POLLOZHANI Rector Mother Teresa University Prof. Dr. Mustafa SOLAK Rector Afyon Kocatepe University Prof.Dr.ing. Vasile TOPA Rector Cluj Napoca Tecnical University
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Abdurrazzag Ali ABURAS KwaZulu Natal University SOUTH AFRICA
Adem KURT Gazi University TURKEY
Ahmet AKSOY Akdeniz University TURKEY
Ahmet YILDIZ Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Alexander ONUFRAK Pavol Jozef Safarik University SLOVAKIA
Anas Sarwar QURESHI Agriculture University PAKISTAN
Artay YAGCI Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Asım Gokhan YETGIN Dumlupinar University TURKEY
Aytekin HITIT Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Behçet GULENC Gazi University TURKEY
Bojan ZLENDER Maribor University SLOVENIA
Cahit GURER Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY
Dinçer BURAN Süleyman Demirel University TURKEY
Dunja PERIC Kansas State University, Manhattan ABD
Dusan ORAC Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA
Elena Cristina RADA Trento University ITALY
Gabor PAY University College of Nyiregyhaza HUNGARY
Hazizan Md AKİL Sains Malaysia University MALAYSIA
Huseyin Ali YALIM Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Huseyin AKBULUT Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Huseyin BAYRAKCEKEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Ilhan KOŞALAY Ankara University TURKEY
Ioan ABRUDAN Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA
Ivan KURIK, Technical University Zilina SLOVAKIA
Iveta VASKOVA Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA
João Pedro SILVA Leiria Polytechnic Institute PORTUGAL
Lucian Ionel CIOCA Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu ROMANIA
Marco RAGAZZI Trento University ITALY
Martina HRUBOVCAKOVA Kosice Technical University SLOVAKIA
Matjaž ŠRAML Maribor University SLOVENIA
Merlinda EBIBI Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA
Metin OZGUL Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Mihai BANICA Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA
Mircea HORGOS Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA
Monica Lopez ALONSO University of GRANADA SPAIN
Muhammed YURUSOY Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Mustafa ERSOZ University of Selcuk TURKEY
Mustafa TÜRKMEN Kocaeli University TURKEY
Mustaque HOSSAIN Kansas State University, Manhattan ABD Nicolae UNGUREANU Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA
Neritan TURKESHI Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA
Olivera PETKOVSKA Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA
Olga OROSOVA Pavol Jozef Safarik University SLOVAKIA
Otar ZUMBURIDZE GeorgiaTechnical University GEORGIA
P. Trinatha RAO Gitam University INDIA
Peter MONKA Technical University Kosice SLOVAKIA
Prasanna RAMAKRISNAN Neo Education Institu MALAYSIA
Ramazan KAÇAR Karabük University TURKEY
Radu COTETIU Technical University Cluj Napoca ROMANIA
Regita BENDIKIENĖ Kaunas Technology University LİTVANIA
Renata PANOCOVA Pavol Jozef Safarik Üniversity SLOVAKIA
Rıdvan UNAL Usak University TURKEY
Robert CEP Technical University Ostrava CZECH
Selçuk AKTURK Mugla University TURKEY
Serdar SALMAN Marmara University TURKEY
Serhat BASPINAR Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Sermin OZAN Fırat University TURKEY
Sezai TAŞKIN Celal Bayar University TURKEY Suleyman GUNDUZ Karabük University TURKEY Sukru TALAS Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY Stanislaw LEGUTKO Poznan University of Technology POLAND Tomasz NIZNIKOWSKI Lomza State University Applied Science POLAND
Tomaz TOLLAZZI Maribor University SLOVENIA
Ugur CALIGULU Firat University TURKEY
Yılmaz YALCIN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Yuksel OĞUZ Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Zoran TRIFUNOV Mother Teresa University MACEDONIA
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Ahmet YONETKEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Arzu YAKAR Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Ayhan EROL Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Elena Cristina RADA Trento University ITALY
Gabor PAY Nyiregyhaza Collage University HUNGARY
Gunnur PESMEN Afyon Kocatepe University TURKEY
Gratiela BOCA DANA Cluj-Napoca Technical University ROMANIA
Hazizan Md AKIL Sains University MALAYSIA
Iveta VASKOVA Technical University of Kosice SLOVAKIA
Miorita UNGUREANU Cluj-Napoca Technical University ROMANIA
Nadras OTHMAN Sains University MALAYSIA
Organized by
Supported by
Prof.
Keynote Title: A cutting-edge technology
Prof.
Keynote Title: Case Study Scenarios Using Bigt Data Approach
I
NVI
TEDS
PEAKERSProf. Dr. Ayşe Filiz Gürel
technology : how CRISPR applications will change the future?
Prof. Dr. Abdurazzag Ali Aburas
: Case Study Scenarios Using Bigt Data Approach
A CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY : HOW CRISPR APPLICATIONS WILL CHANGE THE FUTURE?
A. Filiz GÜREL (INVITED SPEAKER)
Istanbul University Faculty of Science Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Vezneciler 34134 Istanbul Turkey
[email protected] Abstract:
Tremendous advances continue in genome engineering in our era. Genome editing is a group of technologies that enable change to an organism's DNA. CRISPR is one of these technologies that allows targeted modifications in genetic material in an effective way. By CRISPR, DNA sequences can be added, removed, or altered at specific locations in the genome. These controlled and inherited modifications can be induced using special endonucleases (SSNs) and are completed by cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Recently, CRISPR has been exploited to induce genomic modifications in animals, plants and human. Undoubtely, CRISPR is a revolutionary tool in the generation of genome-edited organisms, while on the other hand it contributes to basic science.
Genome editing techology receives great attention in the prevention and treatment of human diseases including single-gene disorders such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis. Complex diseases (eg cancer, heart diseases) can also be investigated and prevented by genome editing approaches in the future. However, it is important to determine whether genome editing is safe and healthy for use in people.
Since most of the changes introduced with genome editing are limited to somatic cells, these changes are not passed from one generation to the next. However, changes made to genes in germline cells could be passed to the progeny. Because of the ethical concerns, germline cell editing are currently illegal in many countries. In respect of the future of genome engineering, CRISPR could be used in many applications of medicine and agriculture to solve problems or make improvements.
One of them is the correction of genetic errors causing diseases. The world food supply is insufficient, and will be more problematic as the World population continues to grow. Increase the yield of important crop plants such as tomato, has been demonstrated using CRISPR approach.
Recently, CRISPR has been used as a diagnostic tool which is highly sensitive and cheap that would be very beneficial for global public health.
Keywords: Genome editing, CRISPR, biotechnology, genetic disorders, crop improvements
1
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO GROWTH PARAMETERS OF STONE MOROKO: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
SEMRA BENZERa, RECEP BENZER
aGAZI UNIVERSITY
bNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
In this study was evaluated the population structure and growth with length - weight relationships (LWR), von Bertalanffy equations (VB) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) of stone moroko in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. The individuals were collected from Hirfanlı Dam Lake ranged age of between I to V years. The von Bertalanffy growth function growth coefficient k was 0.5 and asymptotic length L∞
was 9.13 mm fork length (FL). The weight-length relationship is given by the regression equation W = 0.01275334 × L3.0005 for all individual. Growth equations in length (mm) and weight (g) are: Lt = 9.13 [1–e–0.380 (t + 0.5)]. Minimum and maximum size was 2.7 and 9.2 cm FL for all individuals. It was examined the growth properties (length and weight) of stone moroko by modern (ANNs) and traditional approaches (LWR and von Bertalanffy growth model) in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. This study presents the first LWR, VB and ANNs references for this species in Hirfanlı Dam Lake.
Keywords: Growth, Artificial Neural Networks, Length Weight Relations, Stone Moroko
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2
NEWS PERSPECTIVES FOR ESTIMATING GROWTH PROPERTIES OF SAND SMELT (ATHERINA BOYERI (RISSO 1880))
SEMRA BENZERa, RECEP BENZERb
aGAZI UNIVERSITY
bNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
In present study, it is aimed to estimate of length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The present study was examined LWR and ANNs for growth. Thus, the present study determines the properties of the sand smelt, Atherina boyeri (Risso 1880) in water system. The samples were collected from two different water systems. During the study, 1843 fish specimens were caught. The LWR were estimated from the formula W = a Lb. The features of both biological and artificial neural networks were evaluated and compared. Neural Networks metrics such as structures, layers, size of neurons, functional capabilities of neurons, their learning capabilities, information storage were used as basis for comparison. The sum squared error (SSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used in the study as the two performance criteria by MATLAB. LWR and ANNs models was found for females, males and all individual. LWR was found between fish length and weight in two different system (W=0.01026462 L2.8659 and W=0.01399306 L2.80). The results obtained by ANNs and LWR equation are compared to those obtained by the growth rate. It was found that MAPE value of the forecast of ANNs was 0.182 and 0.130 for length, 0.034 and 1.902 for weight for two different system. It was found that MAPE value of forecast of LWR was 1.763 and 1.530 for length, 4.885 and 4.072 for weight for two different system. Thus, ANNs gives better results than LWR. ANNs can be alternative as a evaluated for growth estimate.
Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Sand Smelt
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3
THE ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LYOPHILIZED
EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES (L-EPSS) OF 4 LACTOBACILLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN’S FECES
ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGa, KUBRA CELIKb
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the broiler health if taken in sufficient quantities. In some probiotics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic components have been identified against oxidative stress. Lactobacilli are microorganisms with anti-oxidant activities that regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidant activities of bacterial suspension, bacterial culture filtrates, lyophilized EPS (l-EPS), and bacteria suspension+ l-EPS produced by 4 lactobacilli strains at chicken-origin.
The anti-oxidant activities bacterial culture filtrate, lyophilized EPS (l-EPS), and bacterial +l- EPS of 4 lactobacilli strains were determined by modifying the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical elimination effect (Li et al., 2012) method, Fe + 2 ion chelating activity according to the method proposed by Decker and Welch (1990), and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity modifying the method of Wang et al. (2015). One-way ANNOVA was applied to analyze reasults.
The highest DPPH activity was observed in the l-EPS (1 mg/mL) of L. reuteri KC21L strain (84.9%) while the lowest activity was demonstrated bacterial suspension of L. salivarius KC76L (%22.1). In study, metal (Fe + 2) chelating activities ranged from 12.5% (bacterial culture filtrate of L. salivarius KC76L) to 76.3% (bacterial suspension + l-EPS of L. reuteri KC21L). When the superoxide anion scavenging activity of the strains is compared, the highest activity exhibited bacterial suspension of L. salivarius KC27L (73.2%) while lowest activity L. salivarius KC76L bacterial filtration (17.6%). It has been determined that there is a meaningful difference in the order of 0.05 between the methods studied.
Keywords: Lactobacilli, L-EPS, Anti-Oxidant Activity
*This research is supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Department project coded with
4
AUTO-AGGREGATION, CO-AGGREGATION, AND HYDROPHOBICITY PROPERTIES OF 2 LACTOBACILLUS CASEI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM
INFANT FECES
ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGa, LEILA MEHRNIAb
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
bMOLANA MOHTEŞEM, ASIVANDZADE C., NO:115, BEHDARI, URMIYEH, IRAN
[email protected] Abstract:
For biotechnological application, selected potential probiotic Lactobacillus casei strains may be proposed as an alternative to the antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of urogenital tract infections. Lactobacillus casei strains exert their beneficial effects as a consequence of one or more mechanisms. Auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity were some of them. The degree of auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and hydrophobicity predict the ability of a strain to adhere to epithelial cells, and it is a specific property of each microorganism. In the present study, 2 L. casei strains were assessed with regard to their auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities since these traits have been shown to be indicative of adherence in other microorganisms and their hydrophobic characteristics using spectrophotometric method. Both L. casei strains tested showed auto- aggregation and co-aggregation ability with the Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13086, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 764, but the results were strain-specific. L. casei LB74 and L. casei LB61 showed auto-aggregation ability in 28.91-20.50%, respectively; co-aggregation abilities of both strains were 14.41-13.33% to E. coli, 16.16-31.08% to S. enteritidis, 19.99-14.58% to L. monocytogenes, respectively. Adhesion to hydrocarbons demonstrated significant differences in cell surface properties among the tested 2 L. casei strains. Both strains did not show affinity for p- xylene and ethyl acetate. L. casei LB74 and L. casei LB61 demonstrated the strong adhesion to chloroform (67.05%, 45.33%, respectively). Our results indicate that the ability to auto-aggregation together with cell surface hydrophobicity and co-aggregation abilities with E. coli, S. enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes strain can be used for preliminary screening in order to identify potentially probiotic bacteria suitable for human or animal use.
Keywords: Lactobacillus Casei, Auto-Aggregation, Co-Aggregation, Hydrophobicity
*This research is supported by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Department project coded with 05/2012-69
5
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BUFFERS ON Β-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITIES OF 4 LACTOBACILLI STRAINS
HAZER YUKSEKDAGa, ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGb, YASEMIN KILICc
aGAZI UNIVERSITY
bGAZI UNIVERSITY
cGAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Probiotics are “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS status) according to The American Food and Drug Administration due to their long history of safe use in fermented foods and their presence in the normal intestinal and urogenital microbiota of humans. Several species, including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. fermentum, have received a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status given by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). β-galactosidase activity is an essential feature in probiotic strains. Lactose intolerance (β-galactosidase deficiency) is linked to the inability to break down lactose in the upper regions of the small intestine, which is thus utilized by the indigenous microbiota. In this research, 4 strains that belong to Lactobacillus species were used. The aims of our research were to effect of different buffer (potassium phosphate, Tris, Tris-NaCl, Tris- sodium phosphate, and sodium phosphate buffers) on β-galactosidase activities of these lactobacilli strains. 4 bacteria were grown in MRS medium with lactose, cell wall being disrupted with ultra- sonicator. Enzyme activity was determined using as a substrate orto- nitrophenol- beta- D- galactopyranoside spectrophotometrically. One unit (U) of the enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1 μmol of ONP (o-nitrophenol) per minute under the assay conditions. The values of β-galactosidase activity ranged from 0.028 to 0.153 U/mL. The highest value, 0.153 U/mL, was acquired for L. fermentum ZYN17 strain at potassium phosphate buffer. The lowest activity value was obtained for L. acidophilus BAZ36 and L. rhamnosus GD11 strains (0.028 U/mL) at sodium phosphate buffer. In this study, it was found that used different buffers were effective in the enzyme activity of the bacteria.
Keywords: Β-Galactosidase, Lactobacillus, Buffers
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PARTIALLY PURIFICATION OF Β-GALACTOSIDASE PRODUCED BY LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM ZYN17
HAZER YUKSEKDAGa, ZEHRANUR YUKSEKDAGb, YASEMIN KILICc
aGAZI UNIVERSITY
bGAZI UNIVERSITY
cGAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
β-Galactosidase (β-gal) (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase or lactase, EC 3.2.1.23) is known as important enzyme for applications in the dairy industry, where it is used for lactose hydrolysis to produce low lactose or lactose-free products as a response to lactose intolerance of consumers, which affects approximately 70% of the world population. Another useful property of β-gal is its transgalactosylation activity, by which health-promoting prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can be formed from lactose. To investigate partial purification of β-gal produced by Lactobacillus fermentum ZYN17, we studied (1) β-gal activity was determined using oNPG (orto- nitrophenol- beta- D- galactopyranoside) as substrate. β-Gal specific enzyme activity were determined 2,468 U/mg. (2) Bacterial enzyme in the culture supernatant was purified by a series of four steps (80%
Ammonium sulphate precipitation, Dialysis with Thermo Scientific, Slide-A-Lyzer G2 Dialysis Cassettes (20K MWCO), concentrated with Amicon ® Ultra-4 Centrifugal Filter Units, and heat treatment). Intracellular extract was assayed for protein content, enzyme activity, and specific activity. As a result of all the purification steps, it was determined that the obtained sample was purified 2,678 times and 99.4% of the enzyme was preserved. (3) The molecular mass of the partially purified β-galactosidase was determined by comparison with marker proteins. The molecular weight of enzyme was estimated at 110 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Keywords: Lactobacillus Fermentum, Beta-Galactosidase, Purification
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ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF RETINOL (VITAMIN A) AGAINST MMC- INDUCED MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION
DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUa, KUBRA SEVIMLI-CANb, ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZc, FATMA UNALd
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
Retinol (Vitamin A) has diverse biological functions. Vitamin A and its derivatives are essential for vision and many other biological processes because they are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of many cell types throughout life. In this study, potential antigenotoxic effect of Vitamin A (retinol) was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) by micronucleus (MN) test against Mitomycin-C (MMC), an antitumor agent. MN was reported as a classic genotoxicity assay and increased levels of MN in lymphocytes have been associated with the risk of developing cancer. Different concentrations of retinol (0.05, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 µg/mL) were used in combination with Mitomycin-C simultaneously for 24-hour and 48-hour. At 24-hour treatment, retinol decreased MN frequency significantly at 0.010 and 0.020 μg/mL concentrations compared to positive control (MMC). At 48-h, retinol reduced the frequency of MN however this reduction was not statistically significant compared to positive control (MMC). These results indicate that retinol may have protective and ameliorating effect against MMC induced genotoxicity, especially at short treatment period in human lymphocytes in vitro.
Keywords: Retinol, Antigenotoxicity, Micronucleus Test
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INVESTIGATING GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF SODIUM PROPIONATE IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO BY SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE
TEST
NAZMIYE ATASEVENa, DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUb, FATMA UNALc
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
Food additives are used widely for different purposes such as preservatives, nutritional additives, colouring agents, sweetening agents, flavouring agents, and texturing agents etc. Sodium propionate (SP), the sodium salt of propionate is commonly used as a food preservative in modern nutrition.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of SP by using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test in human lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from three healthy (1 male and 2 female) non-smoking (of ages, 23-27 years) donors. Lymphocytes were incubated in different concentrations of SP (15.62; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 hours. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (mitomycin-C) were also applied for each treatment. Results showed that SP increased the frequency of SCEs/cell. This increase was significant in all concentrations and treatment times. The increase in SCEs was concentration dependent at both treatment periods (r =0.83 and r=0.89, at 24 and 48 h, respectively). SP decreased the frequency of the mitotic index (MI). This decrease was significant in four highest concentrations at both 24 h and 48 h periods compared to negative control. However, these decreases were not concentration dependent. On the other hand, SP did not affect replication index (RI), compared with the negative control. All these data we obtained show that SP may have genotoxic risk to human lymphocytes in vitro. However, to clarify these results, other genotoxicity tests such as in vivo tests need to be done.
Keywords: Genotoxicity, Food Preservative, Human Lymphocytes, Sister Chromatid Exchange
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9
THE COMPARISON OF GROWTH MODELS OF CRAYFISH IN TURKEY
RECEP BENZERa, SEMRA BENZERb
aNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
bGAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
This study purpose to compare the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) growth estimation results of two methods which are Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length (CL) for crayfish were presented with tradional method of LWR and ANNs method. The growth estimation crayfish was carried out with both methods and the obtained results were compared.
Coefficient correlation (r2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural network and linear regression models goodness of fit. The results of the current study show that ANNs can be a superior estimation tool compared to LWR equation. In the designed ANNs model, MAE and RMSE values related to training and test data were 0.2903 and 0.3457; 0.2734 and 0.3434 respectively. MAPE value of the estimate of ANNs is found to be 0.411 and 0.314, while MAPE value of LWR results is 0.440 and 0.957 for length-weight of both genders.
Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Crayfish
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10
EVALUATION OF GROWTH MODELS OF KIZILIRMAK KILLIFISH WITH TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES IN SÜREYYABEY DAM
LAKE
RECEP BENZERa, SEMRA BENZERb
aNATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY
bGAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
The aim of this study is to determine the growth of Kızılırmak killifish (Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014) in the Süreyyabey Dam Lake by using traditional (Length-Weight Relationship - LWR) and modern methods (Artificial Neural Networks - ANNs). The samples were collected from Süreyyabey Dam Lake. The LWR were estimated from the formula W = a Lb. The features of both biological and artificial neural networks were evaluated and compared. Neural Networks metrics such as structures, layers, size of neurons, functional capabilities of neurons, their learning capabilities, information storage were used as basis for comparison. In the designed ANNs model, MAE and RMSE values related to training and test data were 0.1126 and 0.1521; 0.1209and 0.1554 respectively. The sum squared error (SSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used in the study as the two performance criteria by MATLAB software. The results obtained by ANNs and LWR equation are compared to those obtained by the growth rate.
Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Artificial Neural Networks, Estimating, Kızılırmak Killifish, Growth
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11
THE SMART GRID INVESTMENTS OF ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES: AFYONKARAHISAR CASE STUDY
YAVUZ BAHADIR KOCAa, YILMAZ ASLANb, YUKSEL OĞUZc
aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
bDUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY
cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
The concept of smart grids has become a topic of great interest in recent years. It has brought a new perspective into electric power systems. Electric power storage systems, along with distributed generation (DG), have begun to be incorporated into conventional electric power systems, which range from electric power generation plants to transmission, distribution and consumption.
Therefore, smart grids that use digital technology have come to the forefront in order to provide system reliability, security and efficiency. Smart grids are mainly focused on utilities which operate residential and industrial loads rather than large generation and transmission systems. Owing to the increase in capacity and number of distributed generation systems connected to power distribution networks, various problems are anticipated. These are mainly bi-directional load flow, power protection and power quality related problems. Furthermore, with the increasing dependence of distribution systems to digital data communication technologies, the cyber-attacks may pose serious problems on system safety. In this study, the operation of distribution system together with utilities’
investments and projections on smart grids in Afyonkarahisar region are investigated.
Keywords: Smart Grid, Microgrid, Distributed Energy Sources, Distribution Management System, Renewable Energy Systems
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12
INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS TO ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
YAVUZ BAHADIR KOCAa, YILMAZ ASLANb, YÜKSEL OĞUZc
aDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND AUTOMATION, AFYON VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY
bDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY, KÜTAHYA, TURKEY
cDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY, AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
The electric power generation, transmission and distribution sector is rapidly growing due to the increasing use of residential and the energy demands of industrial plants as a result of technological improvements. Electric power transmission lines constitute a major link in connecting the power generation centers and distribution systems. They have an interconnected network structure where power exchange takes place and the supply demand has been established. In power distribution systems the required level of medium voltage (MV) is stepped down by power transformers. In Turkey in primary power distribution networks 34.5 kV has been used throughout the country. In operation of power distribution systems, well planned infrastructure has paramount importance. For supplying the electrical energy to the residential and industrial loads and to meet the increasing power demand from customers, installation of new power distribution lines and power distribution transformers are required. Hence, for the increased security and high level service quality in power distribution systems, the maintenance and expansion, investments have to be planned and projected in advance. In last decades with the increasing level of technology, it is becoming more important and crucial to supply well balanced, continuous and high quality electrical energy to end- users. To achieve these goals and for the effective operation, the power distribution system has to be under control at all times. However, in recent years with the increasing environmental and global concerns more and more renewable energy based power generation systems have been connected into power distribution networks at MV level which complicates the operation of such systems. In particular, in the presence of shunt faults, fast location, restoration and isolation of the line segment with shunt fault is very important. In this study, the effect of renewable energy based distributed generation sources on shunt fault currents which have been connected to the main feeder of a radial distribution system with load taps have been investigated. A radial 34.5 kV power distribution system with 1 MVA solar power station has been modelled in Matlab and the results are discussed.
It was implemented at a phase-to-phase voltage of 34.5 kV and 477 MCM Hawk, steel-core aluminum (ACSR) type conductors. The time of the simulation was 0.06 s (3 periods for 50 Hz). The study was generally performed for three phase-to-ground faults. In addition, all other types of faults for a fault location were also examined to see the effect of other faults on the results.
Keywords: Distributed Energy, Photovoltaic Systems, Renewable Energy, Electric Distribution Systems, Microgrid
13
WEATHERING AND DECAY RESISTANCE OF HEAT-TREATED WOOD- FILLED SMA COMPOSITES
MUSTAFA ZORa, AHMET CANb, DOUGLAS J. GARDNERc
aBULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY
bBARTIN UNİVERSİTY
cADVANCED STRUCTURES AND COMPOSITES CENTER, MAINE UNIVERSITY,USA
[email protected] Abstract:
There is continuing interest in wood-plastic composite (WPC) products and their use in various applications. Application of modified lignocellulosic fillers for producing WPC has been explored attributable to the strength to weight ratio, low density, low price and simple decomposability. Heat treatment, which is an eco-friendly method for wood modification has been reported to be an effective method for improving the durability of wood plastic composites. Heat treatment was conducted at 212°C for 8 h in an attempt to improve the durability of the wood furnish and the wood flour and SMA compounds were extruded and granulated using a lab-scale grinder. Test specimens were prepared by injection moulding at 220ºC. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of heat treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of the wood flour/SMA composites. Weathering tests were performed by cycles of UV-light irradiation for 8 hours, water spray for 15 minutes followed by conditioning for 3.45 hours in an accelerated weathering test cycle chamber. The changes of the surface properties of the neat SMA and heat- treated wood flour SMA composites were evaluated for color changes and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze chemical changes on the sample surfaces. The decay tests were performed of white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat and the brown rot fungi, Coniophora
Keywords: Heat Treatment, Wood Plastic Composite, Accelerated Weathering, Decay Test, FTIR-Atr
*This study is supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-BIDEB 2224-A)
14
CATIONIC STARCH/SODIUM ALGINATE ANTIMICROBIAL FILMS FOR FOOD PACKAGING MATERIALS
FERHAT ŞENa, İREM UZUNSOYb, EMRE BAŞTÜRKc, MEMET VEZIR KAHRAMANd
aBÜLENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY
bBÜLENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY
cMARMARA UNIVERSITY
dMARMARA UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
This study aimed to develop polyelectrolyte structured antimicrobial food packaging materials that do not contain any antimicrobial agents. Cationic starch was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Its nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method.
Polyelectrolyte structured antimicrobial food packaging materials were prepared using starch, cationic starch and sodium alginate. Antimicrobial activity of materials was defined by inhibition zone method (disc diffusion method). Thermal stability of samples was evaluated by TGA and DSC.
Hydrophobicity of samples
was determined by contact angle measurements. Surface morphology of samples was investigated by SEM. Moreover, gel contents of samples were determined. The obtained results prove that produced food packaging materials have good thermal, antimicrobial and surface properties, and they can be used as food packaging material in many industries.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Food Packaging, Polyelectrolyte, Starch, Cationic Starch, Sodium Alginate.
*This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK)
15
GERÇEK ZAMANLI WAVELET DÖNÜŞÜMLERI İÇIN FPGA-TABANLI MEKSIKA ŞAPKASI DALGACIĞININ TASARIMI VE GERÇEKLENMESI
HALIL İBRAHIM ŞEKERa, MURAT TUNAb, İSMAIL KOYUNCUc
a1AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI, F:B.E., ELEKTRIK-ELEKTRONIK MÜHENDISLIĞI A.B.D., 03200, AFYON, TÜRKIYE
b2KIRKLARELI ÜNIVERSITESI, TEKNIK BILIMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, ELEKTRIK TEKNOLOJISI, 39000, KIRKLARELI, TÜRKIYE
c3AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNIVERSITESI, TEKNOLOJI FAKÜLTESI, ELEKTRIK-ELEKTRONIK MÜHENDISLIĞI, 03200, AFYON, TÜRKIYE
[email protected] Abstract:
Bu çalışmada, gerçek zamanlı Wavelet dönüşümleri için en çok kullanılan ana dalgacık fonksiyonlarından biri olan Meksika şapkası fonksiyonu 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 kayan noktalı sayı standardı ile VHDL dilinde kodlanmış ve Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7 programında sentezlenerek FPGA üzerinde gerçeklenmiştir. Çalışma da öncelikle Meksika şapkası dalgacığı Matlab-tabanlı olarak modellenmiş ve oluşturulan veri seti yardımı ile test edilmiştir. Test aşamasından sonra Matlab- tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı referans alınarak FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi 32- bit kayan noktalı sayı standardı ile VHDL’de kodlanmış ve Xilinx ISE programında VIRTEX-6 çipi VC6VLX75T aracı için sentezlenmiş ve test edilmiştir. FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi maksimum çalışma frekansı 185.086 MHz olarak elde edilmiştir. Matlab-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı tasarımı örnek veri setini 890 ms’de ve FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı ünitesi ise 1.408 µs’de hesaplayabilmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre FPGA-tabanlı Meksika şapkası dalgacığı Matlab-tabanlı tasarıma göre yüksek hız kazancı sağlamıştır.
Keywords: FPGA, Wavelet Dönüşümü, VHDL, Meksika Şapkası Dalgacığı
*
16
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK- BASED 3-D NOVEL JERK CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR ON FPGA
ISMAIL KOYUNCUa, YÜKSEL OĞUZb, HASAN ÇIMENc, TOLGA ÖZERd,MURAT TUNAe
aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
dAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
eKIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
: In this paper, the 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system has been coded in Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 floating point number standard for real-time Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The designed 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system has been synthesized in the Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7 program and has been implemented on the Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA chip. In the presented study, 3-D novel Jerk chaotic system has been modeled as numerical using fifth order Runge-Kutta-Butcher algorithm based on Matlab. 3X1000 data set obtained from the Matlab-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic system has been is divided into two parts.
These are 3X800 train data set for training of the ANN and 3X200 test data set for testing of the ANN. The multi-layer feed forward (MLFF) ANN has been modeled as Matlab-based and has been trained using train data set. The trained MLFF ANN structure has been tested using test data set. The weight and bias values that used in structure of MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic oscillator designed on Matlab has been taken as reference for FPGA-based 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic oscillator unit design. The MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic oscillator unit has been coded in VHDL language with 32-bit IEEE-754-1985 floating point number standard and has been synthesized for VIRTEX-6 family (XC6VCX75T device, FF484 package, -1 speed) using Xilinx ISE Design Tools 14.7 program. The maximum operating frequency of the MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic oscillator unit obtained from Place&Route processes and FPGA chip statistics have been presented.
In future, ANN-based chaotic random number generator can be performed using the proposed MLFF ANN-based 3-D Novel Jerk chaotic oscillator unit on FPGA.
Keywords: FPGA, Artificial Neural Networks, VHDL, 3-D Novel Jerk Chaotic Oscillator
*This research has been supported by grant number 17.TEKNOLOJİ.05 from Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Co.
17
RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF TURKEY ON IN VITRO AND EX VITRO CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD
CIGDEM ALEV OZELa
aGAZİ UNİVERSİTY
[email protected] Abstract:
Turkey lies on the trransection of three floristic geographic regions and show a rich diversity of species and endemism. Ornamental plants have an important place in this richness. Many of the local plants including bulbous geophytes are used for aesthetic purposes, as indoor and outdoor decoration since centuries. A very detailed explanation about flowers has been given in 17th century book Tezkire –i- Şükufeciyan authored by Übeydullah Efendi. In the course of time, people have learned how to use and trade ornamental plants, cut flowers, and reduce negative effects of urbanisation through them around their abodes. Turkey started their commercial production at the end of the first half of the 20th century. These days Izmir, Antalya, Yalova and Sakarya provinces are on the top of this list. All of the production in İzmir is meant for domestic consumption and the Istanbul markets. Whereas, all of the Antalya based production is meant for export. Yalova and Sakarya produce both for domestic markets and export. Turkish floral plants are exported to 35 countries and the European Union has the largest share. Main or preferable exports from Turkey includes Carnations, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Gerbera, Solidago, Gladiolus and Freesia. Production of all cut flowers is done through conventional means in the fields or greenhouses. Turkey has a little to offer using micropropagation compared to the prominent countries in this industry.
Coordination and cooperation with public and private sector institutions like Universities, Research Institutes, Agricultural chambers, Tubitak, Development Agencies, Kosgeb, Ar-Ge through advertising agencies is fastly increasing the share of domestic and foreign markets in local cut flower production that will definitely have a positive impacts in accelarated raising of future Turkish cut flower industry.
Keywords: Micropropagation, Public And Private Sector, Turkish Cut Flower Industry, Turkish Flora
*
18
DETERMINING GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF DICAMBA ON ALLIUM CEPA USING COMET TEST IN TISSUE CULTURE
ÇIĞDEM ALEV ÖZELa, ECE AVULOĞLU YILMAZb, ESRA ERIKELc, FATMA ÜNALd,SEMRA MIRICIe,DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLUf
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION, FACULTY OF GAZI EDUCATION, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY -CENTRAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY, AMASYA,
cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
eDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION, FACULTY OF GAZI EDUCATION, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
fDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative synthetic auxin that is used in plant cell and tissue culture. It is generally applied as herbicide to kill perennial plants. There are negative effects of plant growth regulators on environment due to their careless use, however, very few studies report their negative effects on genetic material. It is possible to determine genotoxicity using different test systems that measure damages to genetic material. Allium cepa is used as a model plant in performing these tests including comet assay. This study investigated possible genotoxic effects of dicamba on Allium cepa root meristems. Hence, bulbs were rooted on agar solidified MS medium for 5 days. Thereafter, the bulbs were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (control) or MS medium containing 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02 and 8.04 mg/L dicamba for 24 hours. All concentrations of dicamba had significant damaging effects on roots that measured as comet tail intensity and tail moment compared to the control group. Almost all concentrations of dicamba showed damaging effects on DNA.
Keywords: Dicamba, Allium Cepa, Comet Assay, Tissue Culture
*The authors would like to thank the Gazi University Research Fund for financial support under Grant No.
04/2016-03.
19
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM SULPHATE BASED BORON WASTE IN GYPSUM
M. SERHAT BAŞPINARa, TAHIR ULUÇTANb, MÜCAHIT UYARc, ELIF ÖZKANd
aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
dAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Turkey is one of the biggest boron minerals producers in the world. Due to the huge amount of production, large amount of boron waste is generated and recycling of this waste becomes an important issue. Gypsum industry can uses industrial mineral waste materials for several purposes and this is one of the ways to recycling of these industrial mineral wastes.
The main objective of this study is to investigate the usability of sulphate rich boron waste in gypsum product. Effect of boron waste addition in the gypsum product was investigated in this study. Waste was supplied from Etimaden Emet Bor Company. Chemical and mineralogical characterization was done. Calcination study was performed at different temperatures (90-120 oC) to obtained different grade reactive hemihydrate gypsum. Different amount of waste (5-10-15%) was added to the commercial gypsum and effect on the mechanical properties, density and workability was investigated. Different Water/Gypsum ratio (0,7-0,9) was studied to optimize the workability properties. Hydration temperatures were measured with time to determine the reactivity of the waste materials in gypsum products. As a result of the study it was concluded that the waste materials is in the dehydrate gypsum form and the addition of the calcined boron waste reduced the workability of the gypsum paste and increased the water demand of the mixture. Reactivity and hardening rate of the calsined waste materials was faster than the used commercial gypsum. When the 90 oC calcined waste was used, density and the strength of the samples was decreased with increased amount of calcined addition. However, when 120 oC calcined waste was used, strength of the samples were increased. Gypsum based boron processing waste can be used as additive in gypsum product with suitable set retarding chemical admixtures.
Keywords: Gypsum, Boron Waste, Recycling, Properties
*
20
EFFECT OF EXPANDED PERLITE ON THE FLY ASH BASED GEO- POLYMER FOAM CONCRETE
M. SERHAT BAŞPINARa, CANSU DEMIRb, İSMAIL DEMIRc
aAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
bAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
cAFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Geopolymers are inorganic polymers which can be produced by reaction between alumino silicate oxides (natural minerals or industrial wastes) and alkali silicates in alkaline medium. This reaction results in amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional polymeric structures, which consist of Si- O-Al bonds. Suitable materials for geopolymerization contain alumina and silica as barrier phases, like natural rocks or secondary raw materials (fly ash, slag and red mud).Cellular structure of geopolymer foam can be prepared by chemical foaming agent. Reaction between aluminum powder and alkali activator or decomposition of hydrogen- peroxide in geopolymers cause porous structures.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the geopolymer foam concrete production by the addition of expanded perlite. Geopolymer foam concrete production has unique problems such as, stability of pores, high shrinkage and drying cracks. This study mainly focused on the elimination of those three problems by the addition of expended perlite to the system. Fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) were used as base geopolymerization materials. H2O2 (hydrogen- peroxide) was used as foaming agent. Different sample series were prepared by changing the mix ratios of fly ash and blast furnace slag. Physical and mechanical properties were tested. Mineralogical and microstructural characterizations were done by XRD and SEM techniques.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that crack free dry geopolymer foam concretes were obtained at 90%FA and 10% BFS composition. Increased addition of BFS resulted in crack formation.
Expanded perlite addition reduced the drying shrinkage significantly and prevented the crack formation. 529 Kg/m3 and 1,55 MPa density-strength values were obtained which conforms the TSE 13655 (Foam concrete brick standards) . Studies showed that, expanded perlite addition is effective way to reduce the drying shrinkage and cracks and at the same time reduce the density of the geopolymer foam concrete blocks.
Keywords: Geopolymer, Foam, Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, Perlite
*
21
ASSESSMENT OF GENOTOXIC AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PULLULAN ON ISOLATED HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES
AGAINST HYDROGEN PEROXIDE USING COMET ASSAY
DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUa, ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZb, ESRA ERIKELc, FATMA UNALd
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE AND ARTS FACULTY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY
cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
dDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Pullulan is a water-soluble, viscous polysaccharide, an alpha-glucan, consisting of glucose units with a relatively simple linear structure. It produced in aerobic medium from Aureobasidium pullulans.
Pullulan is frequently used as an additive in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its molecular properties. It is reported as nontoxic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and non- immunologic according to the studies performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of pullulan, using in vitro comet assay. On the other hand, its possible antigenotoxic effect against H2O2 (oxidant compound) genotoxicity was also investigated by using the same assay. Comet assay was performed on isolated human peripheral lymphocytes from three donors, two women and a man. Different concentrations of pullulan (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µg/mL) were administered cells for half an hour. The same concentrations were also used in combination with 100 µM H2O2 for investigating antigenotoxic effects of pullulan. Application of these concentrations together with H2O2 was performed in two different ways: 1) pre-treatment (pullulan addition half an hour before H2O2 administration) 2) simultaneous treatment (pullulan addition at the same time with H2O2 for a half an hour). Pullulan did not increase comet tail intensity and tail moment compared to negative control. In contrary, it induced significant decrease in both parameters at all concentrations (except 2000 µg/mL) compared to positive control in simultaneous treatment. In pre-treatment, pullulan decreased tail intensity at all concentrations and tail moment at three highest concentrations. These results indicate that pullulan has no genotoxic effect in human lymphocytes. In contrary, pullulan may have protective and ameliorating effect against H2O2 induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. However, there is a need for further work with different test systems.
Keywords: Genotoxicity, Antigenotoxicity, Pullulan, Human Lymphocytes, Comet Assay
*The authors thank to the Gazi University for the financial support under grant No: 05/2017-14.
22
EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SWEETENER XYLITOL ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES
ECE AVULOGLU-YILMAZa, FATMA UNALb, DENIZ YUZBASIOGLUc
aDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE AND ARTS FACULTY, AMASYA UNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
cDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SCIENCE FACULTY, GAZI UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Xylitol, like other polyol sweeteners, is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol. Natural sources of xylitol include plums, strawberries, raspberries, rowan berries and more fruits and vegetables. Xylitol has the same relative sweetness as sucrose, and it has been used as a sugar substitute, sweetener, for dietary and medical purposes. In the present study, short-term genotoxicity assay (chromosomal aberration assay = CA) was conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of xylitol in cultured human lymphocytes. Peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy non-smoking adults, one male and two female aged 27 years. Various concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) of xylitol were applied to lymphocytes obtained from three donors for 24 and 48 h. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (MMC) were also maintained. Total of 300 metaphases were examined for each concentration (100 metaphases from each donor). The number of CAs and frequency of abnormal cells were determined. 24 h treatment of xylitol did not affect the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (except 1000 µg/mL for the number of CAs) compared with negative control. 48 h treatment of xylitol increased the number of CAs and frequency of abnormal cells, however this increase was significant at the two highest concentrations compared to the control. According to our previous data, xylitol significantly increased the sister chromatid exchange/Cell (SCE/cell) ratio at two highest concentrations at both 24 h and 48 h periods compared to negative control. These data demonstrated that xylitol may have genotoxic risk to human lymphocytes in vitro at high concentrations. However, other toxicity tests should also be applied for detail analysis.
Keywords: Genotoxicity, Sweetener, Human Lymphocytes, Sister Chromatid Exchange.
*
23
COASTLINE CHANGE DETECTION BY USING DIGITAL SHORELINE ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DSAS) AND REMOTE SENSING
TUNCAY KULELIa, SEYMA BAYAZITb
aBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY
bFACULTY OF MARITIME BANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
In this study, under the Iztuzu Coastal Management plan conducted by Mugla Sitki Kocman University, processes such as erosion / accretion and coastline change were investigated in İztuzu (Turtle Beach) beach. The aerial photos of 1939, 1972, 1975, 1992 and 2009 from the General Command of Mapping and as seasonal images from Drone vehicles were used. As a time series, coastlines obtained by digitasing from data sources in different dates were analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DAS) working in geographical information system. For coastline change analysis, 16 units of transect were used at 250m intervals on the Iztuzu coast, which has a coastal length of about 4.5 km. A 77 years of erosion/accretion change in each transect was calculated as meter/year. The change in a period of 77 years has been determined between + 0.30 m/year and - 0.30 m/yr. Since this change is below the resolution, scale and error rate of the satellite images and aerial photographs used, no significant coastline change has been observed. As a result of the analysis, except for the seasonal sand dune movements, it has been determined that the Iztuzu coastline changes are stable and there is no erosion/accretion. Consequently, according to data obtained from field studies, the Iztuzu coast is in a balanced state for natural processes and the reason for this is that for many years (the same as the aerial photograph of 1939 years), any human being on the beach be evaluated as a sample field in terms of protection and use balance.
This research was supported by project number 16/081 by the Coordination Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Mugla Sitki Kocman University.
Keywords: DSAS, Coastline, Change Detection, Iztuzu
*
24
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN BODRUM PENINSULA
TUNCAY KULELIa, SEYMA BAYAZITb
aBODRUM MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, MUGLA SK UNIVERSITY
bFACULTY OF MARITIME BANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY, TURKEY
[email protected] Abstract:
Climatic changes entail impacts which may vary regionally, with potentially both positive impacts for some sectors and regions, and negative impacts for others. Maritime infrastructure is not insulated from climate changes; type, range and magnitude of impacts vary according to local conditions, transportation systems, designs and policies, as well as the capacity to adapt and minimize costs.
Like other coastal infrastructure, port facilities, including docks and bridges, may have to be raised to accommodate higher tides and storm surges, as sea levels rises. Bodrum, which is home to four largest ports in the Aegean Sea, relative to sea level rise could lead to significant disruptions and damage. Bodrum coastal zone elevation to sea level rise was illustrated by using digital elevation model and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods. It was intended to determine maritime infrastructure at risk by using high resolution SRTM topographic, orthorectified Landsat TM, and field survey data with GIS methods within 0-10 m. elevation of peninsula level. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in large part of land area lies below 10 m. contour line in the Bodrum, that is hence highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. Due to rising sea levels, floods and inundations entail heavy consequences for transport infrastructure which may cause damage to terminals, intermodal facilities, freight villages, storage and warehousing areas. Increased sediment mobility and changes in erosion-sedimentation patterns around port area and access channels could also complicate maritime operations and raise operating costs because of the need for dredging. Adaptation involves enhancing the resilience of infrastructure and operations through, inter alia, changes in operations, management practices, planning activities and design specifications and standards. This may involve integrating climate change considerations into investment and planning decisions, as well as into broader transport design and development plans.
Keywords: Climate Change, Bodrum, Sea Level, Port, Cruise
*
25
DETERMINATION OF ACCURACIES FROM DIFFERENT WAVELET METHODS IN EMOTION ESTIMATION BASED ON EEG SIGNALS BY
APPLYING KNN CLASSIFIER
TALHA BURAK ALAKUSa, IBRAHIM TURKOGLUb
aKIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
bFIRAT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
[email protected] Abstract:
Emotion has an important role in people’s daily lives and affects the brain functions all the time.
They are stated by the people through words, facial expressions, audio signals and body language with intentionally or unintentionally. There are many applications which are generally used in different areas based on EEG signals exist in order to determine the distinct emotions. Yet the performance of these applications is not at the desired level because of some artefacts, data corruption and wrong choice of classifier and feature extraction techniques.
The purpose of this study is to determine the best wavelet decomposition method with given feature extraction methods and database. In this study, we used publicly available dataset (DEAP) to classify different emotions. To do that 32 different EEG channels were examined and arousal-valence emotion space was used. Our proposed method consists of four stages. In the first part, signals were normalized to scale every point of the signal in the range of [0,1]. After that, three different (Symlet, Daubechies and Morlet) wavelets were applied to decompose the original signals into the subsignals.
In the third part, some information measurement and statistical methods were used to determine the feature vector space. In the last stage, feature vectors were used as an input to KNN (K Nearest Neighbour) classifier to discriminate emotions. Classification accuracies were observed and their performance was compared. Comparison results determined based on 4-fold cross-validation technique and classification accuracy. Classification performance was found 75%, 76% and 78% for Symlet, Daubechies and Morlet respectively.
Keywords: EEG, Emotion Recognition, Classification, K Nearest Neighbours, EEG Channels, Wavelet Decomposition, Entropy.
*
26
GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY: METHODOLOGY AND APLICATIONS
HÜSEYIN ALI YALIMa, AYLA GÜMÜŞb, RIDVAN ÜNALc
aPHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
bPHYSICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE, AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY
cHEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, UŞAK UNIVERSITY
[email protected] Abstract:
Gamma-ray spectrometry is a well-established analytical method that enables identifying and quantifying of gamma emitting isotopes in a variety of matrices. Main purpose of the gamma ray spectrometry is to determine the radioactivity concentration and measurement uncertainty of the gamma-emitting radionuclide. Several gamma emitting radionuclei can be detected from a single measurement of a little sample using gamma ray spectrometry. The measurement provides a spectrum of lines whose amplitude is proportional to the activity of the radionuclide and its position on the horizontal axis corresponds to its releasing energy.
Wide variety of the radionuclide, energy range, radioactivity concentration level, sample shape and sample composition of the naturally occurring and artificial radionuclides can be measured with the gamma spectrometric technique. Gamma ray spectrometry is commonly used for monitoring in nuclear facilities, health physics applications, nuclear medicine and bioscience studies, material researches, environmental sciences, and industrial uses of radioisotopes.
Keywords: Gamma-Ray Spectrometry, Radionuclide, Radioactivity Concentration, Environmental Sciences, Health Physics
*This study is supported by Afyon Kocatepe University Science Research Projects Coordination Unit with the grant [17.KARİİYER.95]
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