BASAL GANGLIA

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BASAL GANGLIA

Prof. Dr. Selda Önderoğlu

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FUNCTION

• Coordination of motor movements

• Mental ve emotional functions

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DIFFERENCES FROM THE CEREBELLUM

Basal nucleiBasal nuclei

They function through the cortex.

(HAS NO DIRECT CONNECTION WITH THE SPINAL CORD)

Coordinates more complex movements

BG

THALAMUS

CEREBELLUM MS Brain stem nuclei Pontine nuclei

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Located in the white matter of the

telencephalon 5 pairs of nuclei

BASAL NUCLEI

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BASAL NUCLEI

1. caudate nucleus 2. putamen

3. globus pallidus 4. substantia nigra

5. subthalamic nucleus

1

5 4

3 2

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CORPUS STRIATUM

1. caudate nucleus 2. putamen

3. globus pallidus

4. substantia nigrasubstantia nigra

5. subthalamic nucleussubthalamic nucleus

CORPUS

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• caudate nucleus

• putamen

• globus pallidusglobus pallidus

NEOSTRIATUM

NEO-

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• caudate nucleuscaudate nucleus

• putamenputamen

• globus pallidus

PALEOSTRIATUM

PALEO-

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• caudate nucleus caudate nucleus

• putamen

• globus pallidus

LENTIFORM

NUCLEUS

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Horizontal section

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From Medial laterally

• Third ventricle

• Thalamus

• İnternal capsule

• Globus pallidus(medial segment)

• İnternal medullary lamina

• Globus pallidus(lateral segment)

• External medullary lamina

• Putamen

• External capsule

• Claustrum

• Extreme capsule

• İnsular cortex(insula)

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Caudate nucleus

• Head

• Body

• tail

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CAUDATE NUCLEUS

HEAD

• Anterior to interventricular foramen

• Is related to the base and lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.

• The anterior part continues with the putamen.

• The posterior part is separated from the putamen by the internal capsule.

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HEADHEAD

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CAUDATE NUCLEUS

BODY

• At the base of the lateral ventricle

• Dorsolateral to thalamus

>>>> sulcus terminalis

(stria terminalis ve thalamostriate vein)

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BODYBODY

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CAUDATE NUCLEUS

TAIL

• Extends into the temporal lobe( lateral ventricle, inferior horn)

• Ends in amygdala

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TAILTAIL

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LENTIFORM NUCLEUS

th

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PUTAMEN

• Located between external capsule and globus pallidus

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

• Separated from putamen by the external medullary lamina

• Divided into two segments

• Internal medullary lamina

• External medullary lamina

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1. caudate nucleus 2. putamen

3. globus pallidus

4. substantia nigra

5. subthalamic nucleus

basal Nuclei

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PARKİNSON

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SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

• In mesencephalon

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•Medial to internal capsule

•Lateral to hypothalamus

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

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CONNECTIONS

AFFERENT CENTER- NEOSTRIATUM

*CORTICOSTRIATE

EFFERENT CENTER- GLOBUS PALLIDUS

*PALLIDOTHALAMIC

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AFFERENTS(Neostriatum)

*cerebral cortex---all areas (motor, premotor, prefrontal )

•

thalamus---intralaminar nuclei (centromedian)

• amygdala

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EFFERENTS (globus pallidus)

*thalamus---globus pallidus medial segment VA,VL,MD,CM nuclei

• (pallidothalamic)

tegmentum---globus pallidus medial segment

• (pallidotegmental)

habenular nucleus---globus pallidus medial segment

• (pallidohabenular)

(28)

BETWEEN BASAL NUCLEI

striatopallidal-to the medial segment striatonigral-to the pars reticulata

•

pallidonigral-from the lateral segment pallidosubthalamic-from the lateral segment

•

nigrostriatal-from the pars compacta nigropallidal- from the pars compacta

•

subthalamopallidal-to the lateral segment subthalamonigral-to the pars reticulata

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SUBTHALAMUS

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SUBTHALAMUS SUBTHALAMUS

(VENTRAL THALAMUS) (VENTRAL THALAMUS)

• Ventral to thalamus

• Medial to internal capsule

• Lateral to Hypothalamus

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SUBTHALAMUS

• subthalamic Nucleus

• Nuclei campi perizonalis

• Zona incerta

• Ansa lenticularis

• Fasciculus subthalamicus

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Subthalamic Nucleus

• Medial to internal Capsule

• Lateral to Hypothalamus

• Basal ganglion

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Nuclei campi perizonalis

• Forel’s field H

(nucleus campi medialis-prerubral field)

Formed by fibers from Globus pallidus

And the nuclei located

between those fibers H

(36)

•Forel’s field H1

(nucleus campi dorsalis- thalamic fasciculus)

Fibers from forel’s field H1 to thalamus form the

thalamic fasciculus

Fasciculus thalamicus

H1

(37)

Fibers from Globus pallidus course ,dorsomedial to

subthalamic nucleus reach the Forel’s field H1 to form the

lenticular fasciculus

Forel’s field H2

(nucleus campi ventralis-lenticular fasciculus )

fasciculus

lenticularis

H2

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Nuclei campi perizonalis

Forel’s Field H, H1, H2

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Zona incerta

Thalamic fasciculus lenticular fasciculus Reticular nuclei of thalamus

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Ansa lenticularis

From Globus pallidus (courses caudal

to subthalamic nucleus)

to Forel’ field H

• In Forel’s field H these fibers join the lenticular fasciculus and form the thalamic fasciculus.

Ansa lenticularis

(41)

subthalamic Fasciculus

globus pallidus

subthalamic nucleus subthalamic nucleus

globus pallidus (medial and lateral)

Fasciculus subthalamicus