A Study on the synergistic interactions between arsenic and other elements in well water on the development of various cancers among residents of Lanyang Basin NSC 88-2314-B-038-102

Tam metin

(1)

(2) .

(3) . A Study on the synergistic interactions between arsenic and other elements in well water on the development of various cancers among residents of Lanyang Basin NSC 88-2314-B-038-102 87 8 1

(4) 88 7 31

(5) !". #$%&. ( ) * + , 237.6 9.4 ' 99.8 11.0 ' 44359.01619.6'17740.8334.4' 247.6.

(6) . 3.5' 648.537.3' 124.25.1' 16538.7. . 770.8' 473.519.8' 249.95.7' 43.20.8'.

(7) !"#$%&'()*+,-./. 32.00.7' 0.50.02' 347.34.16! dbÔ. 01234 56789:;. hiÔ do w sb ;ÕÖ×ÏÐ Z[ ØÙ. <='>?'@A'BCDE FFGH. ÚÛÜ k_Ôkm w si Ý Z[ ØÞ. I 89JKLMNOPQR SHTU V. 6ßàáâ'«'ãä'åæ-.

(8) W70X YZ[\ ]Y^_\ . .çk_ w df ;°èé. `Yab\cYdb\eYdf\gYhi\ j. êëì-.íÜî1ëì-.ï Z[. Yk_\lYkm\nYdo\pYqo\rYsb\. 5ðñ-.6 -./012314516789:. tYdu\vYsi\ wxYs\y ST z{|#$ }~6}~Q . } ~ Y_ufi dfiu Abstract b[b. –Z. [[_. qioiod–Zq\! Z[ . In order to evaluate the various elements #$/0X}~6 exposure from drinking well water among 89; ¡¢£¤¥¦§ residents in Lanyang Basin located in the northeastern arseniasis-endemic area in }¨©ª'«'¬®¯°±² Taiwan, a total of 1349 well water samples ³´'´'µ¶·¸¹ºý» were collected randomly from study area to ¼½¾A'¿;ÀÁÂÃNOÄÅ/w examine concentration of arsenic (As), zinc DEOÆÇÈP²³ÉÊËÌÍyÎ (Zn), chromium (Cr), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), beryllium (Be), £¤6

(9) ST z#$ As' Zn' Na' magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium Cu' Fe' Mn' Mg' Cr' Sr' Ba' Cd' (Sr), barium (Ba), boron (B), copper (Cu), Be' B 'ÏÐYÑÒÓ ) (ug/L) and cadmium (Cd). Inductively coupled 1.

(10) Langyang.. plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine Zn, Cr, Na, Mn, Fe, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Cu, and Cd; As were examined by ICP-AES with hydride generation. A total of 2253 residents whose household well water was collected were interviewed personally based on a structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the interview included duration and volume of well water consumption. The cumulative exposure level of each study subject to various elements was derived from concentration of each element in well water of the household, duration of drinking well water and volume of well water consumption. The mean standard error (ug/L) of concentration of these elements in well water were 237.69.4, 99.811.0, 44359.01619.6, 17740.8334.4, 247.63.5, 648.537.3, 124.2 5.1, 16538.7770.8, 473.519.8, 249.95.7, 43.20.8, 32.00.7, 0.50.02, 347.34.1 for As, Zn, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Cr, Sr, Ba, Cd, Be, and B, respectively. The concentrations of these elements in well water, except arsenic, were significantly different between four study townships in Lanyang Basin. The log transformed concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cr and Ba were positively correlated with As significantly, While, the significantly negative correlation were observed between Mn, Mg and Be, and As. Compared with low Mn and Cu exposed group, those who drank well water contained high concentration of Mn and Cu had significant low risk of all cancer sites combined after adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking. However, there wwere no synergistic interaction between exposure to Mn, Cu, and As on the development of all cancer sites combined.. key. words. :arsenic,. element,. ;1<=>?@ A0BCDEFG9H#@IJ 23KFLMN#OPQRS@TUE FKVWQ01XQ00Y'ZF[\ ]^#K0&P_`#abcdefg @hXQ;0iAs2O3jkl#emno 0Yp1hoq0Yp,[ 1 ]Z0Brs tuv@lw4S^xIZyz{|} ~K 0@ [ 2-4 ]KPm0@[ 5-6 ]K {@4!ZFm 0@~#Km0S ViFowler’s solutionj ¡¢£' ¢¤¥@¥¦§!¢¤4[ 7 ]Z¨©ª« @¢¤4¥¬KPGm 0@®¯[ 8 ]K°{±²³´µ iangiosarcomaj¶·¸¹º@»Z ¼mA0@¼kK½ ¾«m0SK¦¢¤4@¶·¸ ¹º[ 1,9 ]ZF¿ÀÁ[ 10 ]1ÂÃ[ 11 ]1ÄÅ Æ[ 12 ]1

(11) Ç[ 13 ]1#yÈÉ1ÊËÌ [ 14-15 ]1ÍÎÀÏºÐÑ[ 16 ]Òy[ 17 ] '9ÓK{Ô-@~ÕÖ¼m0¼ k>¢¤4@!×ÕØÔ-ZÙÚF ÛÀÜÝÞßxàáâãäå1áæç Üâèç1éå@ê¥~Õ ÖKë9x9ìkm0íÎîKï¢¤ 4141±41ðñ41òó4ôõö 4'KÛ9ÓI÷øù, [ 18 ]Kï#¢¤4141±41ðñ41 òó4>0íÎ×úûüý-þ[ 19-20 ]Z eKA0¦Ý@Ê ó4Zy45~# iIARCj G 198011987

(12) Î KG0 ¹º¬¢¤44@¶·¸[ 21-22 ]K K0Bu@w4S^xIZ. cancer,. òóô3 õz 2.

(13) /wö÷øù¸ú. pzß {|úX. Xû PüýþI. |Ø}Ù~|Q:F;íÜ. °&6.

(14) þê. î1¸p`êî;3. %&*+, /w¦ øù¸û.

(15) `ÏÐp//34 . ;.

(16) P}~þ{|#$z

(17) Ò 7. 89A6ÜNþ789P. 89{|#$ FF z6. FF M#$P(|$àê¦ 8. }«Yqi\tYdu\Yk\`Yab\. 9r¬ê5*;3 5. ]Y^_\eYdf\jYk_\Ya\nYdo\. ê%&*+,-.¦ øù¸û. Y\Ym\Yq\vYsi\xYs\. 89 ;. gYhi\lYkm\cYdb\pYqo\rYsb\. :FU#HH;65. YZ\ Yq_\ w YZ[\6! qi . _]{|#$|ö÷! . mfb _i io!ub[iY"q#!\$%. / /bê!"#. &þ1df^_k_ ' ÝÒµ(. $ß èéµ(. b_!ub_. /ó01234O 56. i_)i#[fio!ui. u[fb[iYq*+\µ($%}þ1&.

(18) P ¦#$

(19). h1õ>. ,îDz-.Ò/012{|#$ î;3 45 !ubi i66i P7. 789Q SHTU V

(20) W7w:. 6oii obub[ê+,-.0Ü8. ; FFGH I 0X

(21) w. 9 5:FH#FT;6Z[dusi. ÂÃÄÅ-51Ùê H. doahi< Z=d 4/05. M#$à ^_'df'hi'k_'do w du. >?:FG;@! du Z[ ABC. ÏÐ¦x¶

(22) :kd¡;. DE;Fîêðñ-.GA. !¦¢ £}¿¤¥ F¦U'UH¦F'. :FH;îö÷!;/0õz7. TF¦G'HU¦F'T¦H w wH¦T6§Ù db'. IJ-.w! Z[ K&-. hi'do'sb ;ÕÖ×ÏÐ Z[ ØÙÚ. .Lµ(61MÜN-.7. ÛÜ k_'km w si Ý Z[ ØÞ. O9P(Q¥¦RzÎ!1. 5'Ùßàáâ'«'ãä. S$ q"of T*UVS$. wåæ-.ç¨ê k_ w df ;°. AWÜ89*X !Y!Z[\S. èéêÙÚëì-.íÜ012. $ 6bo:1]/0{|1^#$;. Z[ ©ðñ-.ö÷5DÕªÙ. -._]-.à 'm'km'. î«#$ Z[ ïGA}Ùðñ-. k y6îbc qo'Z Ýd[\ db K. .6. eÜ;fghi7·j6kbAl mn°o89pêq&89r¬. 1L. q w sb ês Ýêstr¬;u 789¬Rò SHTU M

(23) W7. vê:Fw;6xy89 3.

(24) % FFGH I ._].

(25) ÂÃÄÅ. 6.Mabuchi K, Lilienfeld A, Snell L. Lun cancer among pesticide workers exposed to inorganic -65789AÙ arsenicals. Arch Environ Health

(26) 3DGA]#$®« ^_'df'hi' 1979;34:312-320. k_'do w du Ò¦x¶|¢ 7.Cuzick J, Sasieni P and Evans S. Ingested arsenic, keratoses, and bladder cancer. Am J 6&, db'hi'do'sb Z[ ;Õ Epidemiol 1992;136:417-421. Ö×ÏÐØÙÚÛÜ k_'km'si 8.Kasper ML, Schoenfields L, Storm RL, Ý Z[ ØÙÚÞ¯012/° Theologides A. Hepatic angiosarcoma and àá±²³}~÷´_]#$° bronchiolalveolar carcinoma induced by Fower’s solution. J Am Med Assoc 1984;252:3407-4308. zµê k_ ¶ df ê}Ùë 9.US. Environmental Protection Agency. Risk ì-.·¸ Z[ ;°7¹ð assessment forum. Special report on ingested ñ-.6î5789AÙ inorganic arsenic: Skin cancer, Nutritional P0X Z[ õzº»j essentiality. US. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. }~ ïê¼½¾ª¾}

(27) 10.Cebrian ME, Albores A, Aguilar M, Blakely E. !"#$ê[\*%&-.6×Nþ Chronic arsenic poisoning in the north of Mexico. î89¿ÀO º»j8 Human Toxicol 1983;2:121-133. 9A´Ü89ó¼/E¾ 11.Brogono JM, Vincent P, Venturino H. Infant A. Arsenic in the drinking water of the city of ¦ øù¸ûO 89î Antofagasta epidemiological and clinical study 789AÁÂûO 89ÃÄ before and after installation of a treatment plant. µ(ÅÆÇÈÉò¦ };3O Environ Health Perspec 1977;19:103-105. 5ÊËÌ 14.Huang YZ, Qian XC, Wang GO. Chronic arsenism in Xinjiang. Chinese Med J n1$ 1985;98:219-222. 12.Biagini RE, Quiroga GC, Elias V. Chronic hydroarsenism in ururau. Archivos Agentinos de 1.World Health Organization. Environmental Health Dematologia 1974;24(1):8-11. Criteria 18:Arsenic. 1981, GenevaWorld Health 13. Yoshikawa T, Utsumi J, Okada T, Moriuchi M, Organization. Ozawa K, Kaneko Y. Concerning the mass 2.Enterline PE, Henderson VL, Marsh GM. outbreak of chronic arsenic toxicosis in Niigata Exposure to arsenic and respiratory cancer. Am Prefecture. Chiryo 1960;42:1739-1749. J Epidemiol 1987;125(6):929-938. 3.Anna LE. Arsenic and respiratory cancer in 14.Huang YZ, Qian XC, Wang GO. Chronic arsenism in Xinjiang. Chinese Med J humans: follow-up of copper smelter employees 1985;98:219-222. in Montana. JNCI 1983;70(4):601-609. 4.Lee AM, Fraumeni JFJR. Arsenic and 15. Luo ZD, Zang YM. Chronic arsenism and cancer in inner mongolla-consequences of arsenic in respiratory cancer in man: An occupational deep wells. Presented in SEGH Second study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1969;42:1045-1052. International Conference on Arsenic Exposure 5.Ott MG, Holder BB, Gordon HI. Respiratory and Health Effects, San Diago, CA., 1995. cancer and occupational exposure to arsenicals. 16.Das D, Chatterjee A, Mandal BK, Samanta G, Arch Environ Health 1974;29:250-255.. 4.

(28) Press,1991:107-127. 25.IARC Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenicity. An update of IARC Monographs. Vols1-42.Lyons: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer,1987. 26.Hochadel JF, Waailes MP. Sequence of exposure to cadmium and arsenic determines the extent of toxic effects in male Fischer rats. Toxicology 1997;116:89-98. 27.Goyer RA. Toxic effects of metals. In: Klaassen CD.(eds.)Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. New York:McGraw-Hill,1996:691-736. 28.Chion HY, Huang WI, Su CL, Chang SF, Wu YH, Chen CJ. Dose-response relationship between prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and ingested inorganic arsenic. Stroke 1997;28:1717-1723. FU¦Í-Î6øù¸89—-. Chakraborti D, Chanda B. Arsenic in ground water in six districts of West Bengal, India: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Part 2. Arsenic concentration in drinking water, hair, nails, urine, skin-scale and liver tissue (biopsy) of th affected people. Analyst 1995;120:917-924. 17.Choprapawon C. Chronic arsenic poisoning in Ronpibeel Destrict, Nakorn Srithammarat Province, Southern Thailand. Presented in SEGH Second International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Heal Effects, San Diago, CA., 1995. 18.Chen CJ, Chuang TC, Lin TM, Wu HY. Malignant neoplasms among residents of a blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan: high-arsenic artesian well water and cancer. Cancer Res 1985;45:5895-5899. 19. Chen CJ, Ku TL, Wu MM. Arsenic and cancers. Lancet 1988;1:414-415. 20.Wu MM, Kuo TL, Hwang YH, Chen CJ. Dose-response relation between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases. Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:1123-1131. 21.International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Arsenic and its compounds. Lyon: IARC, 1980;23: 39-141. 22. International Agency of Research on Cancer: IARC graphs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to human. Proceeding of carcinogens of a meeting of IARC and hoc working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Lyon, France, March. World Health Organization 1987; 100-6(supple 7) 23.Ursini F, Bindoli A. The role of selenium peroxidases in the protection against oxidative damage of menbranes. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 1987;44:255-276. 24.Zidenberg- Cherr S, Keen CL. Essential trace elements in antioxidant processes. In: Dreosti IE. (eds.) Trace elements,micronutrients, and free radicals. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana. .|}~6øù¸þ89stÏ T Ð6 HÑ¦ÒÓÔÕÖ6øù¸û

(29) Ww øù¸é 0ÎW{|#$ |þ×2st6øù¸þ89st Ï SH Ð6 HS¦ÒÓØÙÚÔÛÛ6wF Ð øù¸êÜWþYÝ}~6ø ù¸þ89stÏ SH Ð6 HF¦ÒÓÞßàácâ6wT Ð øù¸/uã{|-.þä YÝ}~6øù¸þ89stÏ FF Ð6 HH¦åºXÍ-ÎÍæçy6¹&¸ ¡yèøù¸¸/uã{|#$ ''e'g']y|}~6ø ù¸þ89stÏ HU Ð6. 5.

(30) !". #$ %&'()*+,-./0%123 (4g/L). 23. . !"# #$. r%. r&. 'Ù MCLa. MCL*. x(*) 99.77. 10.95. 23.4. 15210. NDb. +iNaj 44359.00. 1619.59. 35030. 1321000. 3437. ,iCaj 17740.81. 334.38. 12420. 149000. 348. *iZnj. 2.9. 500. iCuj. 247.55. 3.45. 218.7. 2199. ND. 93.2. 30. -iFej. 648.46. 37.32. 243.3. 36150. ND. 42.5. 300. .iMnj. 124.20. 5.13. 86.28. 4923. ND. 69.2. 50. /iMgj 16538.74. 770.83. 11140. 554400. 173 84.6. 50. 73.4. 10. 0iCrj. 473.51. 19.80. 311.3. 23420. ND. 1iSrj. 249.94. 5.70. 195.1. 4626. 19.2. 2iBaj. 43.15. 0.83. 31.13. 574. ND. 3iCdj. 32.03. 0.65. 24.9. 87.2. ND. 6.

(31) 4iBej. 0.49. 0.02. 0. 22.4. ND. 5iBj. 347.29. 4.12. 308.3. 1475. ND. 0iAsj. 237.57. 9.42. 39.01. 3842.61. ND. a: ND-A6û b: MCL-r%78. !5. 44.4. 50. !. #$ 678&'9:;6. 23. Zn. Na. Ca. Cu. Zn. 1. Na. -0.24* 1. Ca. 0.15* -0.15* 1. Cu. 0.61* -0.32* 0.19* 1. Fe. 0.24* 0.07* 0.32* 0.34* 1. Fe. Mn. Mg. Cr. Sr. Ba. Mn 0.07* 0.34* 0.10* 0.07* 0.28* 1 Mg -0.006 0.49* 0.52* 0.07* 0.18* 0.49* 1 Cr. 0.32* -0.34* 0.33* 0.57* 0.47* -0.22* -0.14* 1. Sr. -0.09* 0.40* 0.66* -0.05* 0.22* 0.45* 0.82* -0.15* 1. Ba. 0.41* -0.22* 0.28* 0.55* 0.47* -0.10* 0.004 0.84* -0.07* 1. Cd. 0.55* -0.18* 0.05. 0.89* 0.33* 0.16* 0.06* 0.81* -0.15* 0.84* 1 7. Cd. Be. B. As.

(32) -0.08 0.02. -0.02 0.05. -0.02 0.17* -0.02 0.27* 0.87* 1. Be. -0.21* 0.10. B. 0.02. As. -0.04 -0.02 0.10* -0.03 0.29* -0.16* -0.10* 0.28* 0.03. 0.52* -0.14* 0.25* 0.18* 0.19* 0.27* 0.20* 0.07* 0.24* 0.37* 0.30* 1 0.14* -0.01 -0.24* 0.08. 1. * p<0.05. 9h. 6789øù:k#>0{;Ô-@23x<45}=>?@ÔA¶·¸ 95%BCÓ. . Ca. Fe. Mg. Cr. Ba. Be. Cu. Mn. 1.1(1.0-1.1)***.

(33). 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.1(0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.1 (0.7-1.8). . 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. . 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.2 (0.8-2.1). 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.2 (0.8-2.1). 1.2 (0.7-2.0). . 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. . 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 1.2 (0.8-1.9). 1.1 (0.7-1.7). . 8.

(34) (ug/L) . 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. 1.0. . 1.2 (0.8-1.8). 0.9 (0.6-1.4). 0.9 (0.6-1.3). 1.4 (0.9-2.3). 1.6 (1.0-2.4)*. 1.2 (0.8-2.0). 0.8 (0.5-1.4). . 1.2 (0.8-1.7). 0.8 (0.5-1.2). 0.8 (0.5-1.1). 1.2 (0.7-1.9). 1.3 (0.9-2.0). 0.9 (0.6-1.4). 1.0. 0.6 (0.3-1.1). 0.6 (0.4-0.9)* ¨. 0.5 (0.4-0.8)***. ¨. 0.05<p<0.1,* 0.01<P<0.05 , ** 0.001<P<0.01 , *** P<0.001. !<. #$=>? @ABCDEFG( 95%HIJK. =>. F G¹ºIH ¸+ I J KL A {. Mn. Cu. ModelD RR (95% C.I.). Model E RR (95% C.I.). Model D RR (95% C.I.). 1.1 (1.0-1.1)***. 1.1 (1.0-1.1)***. 1.1 (1.0-1.1)***. 1.1(1.0-1.1 )***. 1.0 1.1 (0.7-1.8). 1.0 1.1 (0.7-1.8). 1.0 1.0 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 1.1 (0.6-1.7). 1.0 1.2 (0.7-2.0). 1.0 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.0 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 1.0 1.3 (0.8-2.1). 9. Model E RR (95% C.I.).

(35) MN0û (Og/L) PIh* P;h* Phh* MN0û(ug/L-year) /íÎ(ug/L) Q2000 / R2000/ Q2000 / S R2000 / S. 1.0 0.8 (0.5-1.4) 0.6 (0.3-1.1)¨. 1.0 0.6 (0.4-0.9)* 0.5 (0.4-0.8)***. 1.0 0.8 (0.5-1.4) 1.6 (1.1-2.4)* 1.2 (0.8-1.8). ¨. 0.05<p<0.1, * 0.01<p<0.05, ** 0.001<p<0.01, *** p<0.001. 10. 1.0 0.8 (0.6-1.1) 1.6 (0.8-3.1) 1.0 (0.4-2.4).

(36)

A Study on the synergistic interactions between arsenic and other elements in well water on the development of various cancers among residents of Lanyang Basin NSC 88-2314-B-038-102

A Study on the synergistic interactions between arsenic and other elements in well water on the development of various cancers among residents of Lanyang Basin NSC 88-2314-B-038-102