Effects of dietary wood charcoal on performance and fatness of broiler chicks

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British Poultry Science

ISSN: 0007-1668 (Print) 1466-1799 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbps20

Effects of dietary wood charcoal on performance

and fatness of broiler chicks

H. R. KUTLU

To cite this article: H. R. KUTLU (1998) Effects of dietary wood charcoal on performance and fatness of broiler chicks, British Poultry Science, 39:S1, 31-32, DOI: 10.1080/00071669888214

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669888214

Published online: 28 Jun 2010.

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NUTRITION S31 DM) are presented in the Table. Differences as a

consequence of level of feeding were, as expected, greater with increasing degree of food restriction although levels of 0·5 ad libitumwere necessary be-fore differences were large. Gross energy (GE) con-sumed (independent variable, MJ/replicate/72 h collection period) was regressed against GE voided (dependent variable, MJ/replicate/72 h collection period) (Figure). Linear functions derived are pre-sented in the table for the 2 experimental diets. TME of the diets was determined according to the equation: TME5 (1-slope)3 GE of diet. AME was expressed as a proportion of TME by using the data derived under ad libitumand 0·75 ad libitum condi-tions only.

The differences in the TME of the 2 diets re ected those of the values for AME (but only at the lowest level of feeding), although to a greater extent, such that the AME/TME for the diet based on the better quality wheat was smaller. The inter-cept of the linear function has been regarded as a means of estimating EEL. However a smaller inter-cept was derived for the diet based on the lower quality wheat, although this was by virtue of the steeper slope. Accordingly it is felt that this pro-cedure is inappropriate for estimating EEL with di-ets of variable quality.

Effects of dietary wood charcoal on performance and fatness of

broiler chicks

H. R. KUTLU AND I. U¨NSAL

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of C¸ukurova, Adana-Turkey In many countries of the world, farmers use

differ-ent kinds of food and food additives depending on the local conditions and availability of food and food additives sources. Some of these applications in animal nutrition are not cited in the scienti c literature but continue on the basis of local, empiri-cal experience. One of such inclusion in poultry nutrition is wood (oak) charcoal in diets in order to prevent or medicate fatty liver syndrome in layer. Local farmers claimed that about 5% of oak char-coal in layer diets helps to maintain egg production and health when layers exhibit the symptoms of fatty liver syndrome. Similar claims are made by local broiler farmers, who add 2% to 5% oak charcoal to the diets to prevent fatness and im-prove food conversion ef ciency. It is well known that activated charcoal, obtained by treating char-coal with chemicals, has a binding effects on toxins, intestinal gases and fat because of its highly ab-sorbent characteristic (Blacow, 1972). Studies have shown that dietary activated charcoal could have the potential to prevent toxicosis in farm animals (Jindal et al., 1994; McLennan and Amos, 1989). However, as far as we are aware, wood charcoal has not been tested to evaluate its potential to maintain and/or improve health and production quality in chickens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine whether dietary wood charcoal (with 87% crude bre content) would affect performance, abdominal fat weight, carcase weight, composition (crude fat, ash, protein and moisture), and nutrient excretion of broiler chicks. Sixty four, 1-week-old male broiler chicks

(Ross) were divided into 4 groups of equal mean weight (94·8 g, SE 0·95), comprising 16 birds each. The experimental diets, containing 0, 25, 50 or 100 g/kg charcoal powder, formulated to be isoni-trogenic (23% crude protein) and isocaloric (12·76 MJ/kg) using maize, soyabean meal, full-fat soya, meat-bone meal, sh meal and vegetable oil as main ingredients. The animals were housed in 64 individual cages in a randomised design. During the experiment, the chicks were reared at a con-ventional ambient temperature (from 30°reducing to 24° by 3°C/week) with a relative humidity of 60% to 70%. Food and water were always avail-able. Light was provided 24 h a day throughout. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks, during which broiler growth performance was assessed by mea-suring body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ef ciency every week. Faecal samples from all groups were collected and dried pending nutrient analysis every 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment all birds were slaughtered for carcase analyses. The data were analysed using the GLM (General Linear Model) procedure of SAS (1997) and means were separated using multiple range test.

The results (Table) showed that dietary wood charcoal affected (P, 0·01) food intake, body weight gain and food conversion ef ciency during the rst 3 weeks of the trial. The birds receiving wood charcoal exhibited higher food intake, weight gain and food conversion ef ciency than those of the controls; the highest food intake, weight gain and food conversion ef ciency were obtained with

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NUTRITION S32

Table. Effect of dietary charcoal on performance, nutrient contents of carcase and faeces in broiler chicks

Dietary charcoal (g/kg)

Variables 0 25 50 100

1–3 weeks

Body weight gain (BWG; g/bird/6 w) 8316 28c ₉₁₇_{6 38}b ₁₀₂₄_{6 18}a _{9996 32}ab

Food intake (FI; g/bird/6 w) 12466 50b ₁₃₄₈_{6 58}ab ₁₄₆₁_{6 30}a _{14636 53}a

Food conversion ef ciency (BWG/FI) 0·676 0·01a _{0·686 0·01}a _0·70_{6 0·01}a _{0·696 0·01}a

1–6 weeks

Body weight gain (BWG; g/bird/6 w) 21056 65a ₂₁₄₁_{6 92}a ₂₁₀₂_{6 61}a _{20866 77}a

Food intake (FI; g/bird/6 w) 37606 125a ₃₇₉₅_{6 1645}a _{379056 17a} _{39456 125}a

Food conversion ef ciency (BWG/FI) 0·566 0·01a _{0·576 0·01}a _0·56_{6 0·01}a _{0·536 0·01}b

Carcase (wet)

Carcase weight (CW; g/bird) 16566 50a ₁₆₈₉_{6 80}a ₁₆₅₃_{6 49}a _{16416 65}a

Carcase yield (% of BW at 42 d old) 73·356 0·33a _{75·326 0·89}a _75·24_{6 0·40}a _75·11_{6 0·62}a

Abdominal fat weight (g/bird) 23·506 2·43a _{21·456 2·43}a _19·47_{6 1·93}a _19·38_{6 2·21}a

Relative abdominal fat weight (% of CW) 1·406 0·12a _{1·276 0·12}a _1·16_{6 0·10}a _{1·176 0·12}a

Dry matter content (%) 32·676 0·40a _{34·216 0·81}a _33·78_{6 0·62}a _33·16_{6 0·47}a

Fat content (%) 11·746 0·95a _{11·666 1·29}a _10·85_{6 0·44}a _10·22_{6 0·53}a

Protein content (%) 20·096 0·37ab _{19·906 0·41}ab _19·58_{6 0·08}b _20·68_{6 0·16}a

Ash content (%) 1·596 0·09b _{1·656 0·08}b _1·74_{6 0·14}ab _{1·996 0·10}a

Faeces (dried)

Dry matter content (%) 87·136 0·06d _{87·766 0·09}c _88·64_{6 0·06}b _89·25_{6 0·12}a

Crude ash content (%) 17·616 0·19a _{16·216 0·18}b _15·19_{6 0·23}c _13·69_{6 0·05}d

Crude fat content (%) 1·726 0·14c _{2·646 0·18}ab _3·40_{6 0·10}a _{3·556 0·14}a

Crude protein (%) 23·376 0·06a _{21·966 0·83}ab _22·92_{6 0·35}ab _21·57_{6 0·33}b

Crude content (%) 10·136 0·14d _{16·696 0·37}c _21·60_{6 0·19}b _29·15_{6 0·18}a

Nitrogen free extract (%) 32·296 0·24a _{30·256 1·14}b _25·53_{6 0·19}c _21·70_{6 0·46}d

Means in the same row with different superscipts differ at P, 0·05.

the diet containing 5% wood charcoal. However, by the end of the study, charcoal inclusion did not affect (P, 0·05) any of the above variables, nor carcase weight and yield. The results also showed that charcoal inclusion did not affect abdominal fat weight, carcase dry matter, fat and protein content (P, 0·05) although abdominal fat weight was nu-merically reduced by dietary charcoal. However, charcoal inclusion increased (P, 0·05) carcase ash content in a dose related manner. Faecal analyses for dry matter, ash, fat, bre and NFE showed that dietary charcoal increased dry matter, fat and bre content in a dose related manner, while it reduced ash, protein and NFE with its concomitant increase in the diet.

The results demonstrated that considerable improvements in food intake, body weight gain and food conversion ef ciency up to 4 weeks of age could be achieved by wood charcoal inclusion in the diet. These improvements could be attributed to increased digestibility and reduced anti-nutritional effects of the diet. Faecal analysis

showed that charcoal increased fat excretion and prevented age related low digestion caused by enzymatic incapability, especially for lipase. How-ever, the improvements could not be seen at an older age because all groups achieved similar per-formance at the end of the study. This could be attributed to the charcoal’s negative effect on fat digestion, which could reduce energy available for optimum growth. In conclusion, wood charcoal in the diet increases broiler performance at early ages, when chicks have less ability to digest fat and less tolerance to anti-nutritional factors in the diet.

We are grateful to C¸ukurova University Re-search Fund of Turkey for their nancial support. BLACOW, N.W. (1972)Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia26th Edn.

London.

JINDAL, N., MAHIPA, S. & MAHAJAN, N.K. (1994) Toxicity of

a atoxin B1 in broiler chicks and its reduction by activated charcoal.Research in Veterinary Science, 56: 37–40.

MCLENNAN, M.W. & AMOS, M.L. (1989) Treatment of Lantana

poisoning in cattle.Australian Veterinary Journal, 68: 146–148.

Effect of tannin-binding agents, with or without enzyme

supplementation, on the dry matter digestibility and ME of faba

beans

K. J. LAMB1

AND T. ACAMOVIC

Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, SAC Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW and University of Aberdeen, School of Agriculture, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD, Scotland

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are a potentially valuable