İSTANBUL TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY INSTI TUTE OF SCI ENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
I NTERACTI VE EARTHQUAKE I NFOR MATI ON ON THE I NTERNET
M. Sc. Thesi s by Aslı GARAGON, B. S.
De part me nt : Ge odesy and Phot ogrammet ry Engi neeri ng Progra mme: Ge odesy and Phot ogrammet ry Engi neeri ng
İSTANBUL TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY INSTI TUTE OF SCI ENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
M. Sc. Thesi s by Aslı GARAGON, B. S.
(501991115)
Dat e of sub missi on : 13 May 2002 Dat e of defence exa mi nati on: 28 May 2002 Supervi sor ( Chai r man) : Prof. Dr. Gönül TOZ Me mbers of t he Exa mi ni ng Co mmi ttee Prof. Dr. Sıt kı KÜLÜR
Prof. Dr. Onur GÜRKAN ( BÜ. )
I NTERACTI VE EARTHQUAKE I NFOR MATI ON ON THE I NTERNET
PREFACE
I woul d li ke t o t hank my acade mi c super visor Pr ofessor Dr. Gönül Toz f or her consultati on and Pr ofessor Dr. Onur Gür kan for his support.
I wi sh t o ext end my t hanks t o Dr. Hal uk Özener, Dr. Onur Yıl maz, and Bülent Tur gut at Geodesy Depart ment of Boğazi çi Uni versit y Kandilli Obser vat ory and Eart hquake Research Instit ut e, for t heir supports, co mme nt s and suggesti ons.
I also woul d li ke t o express my appreci ati on t o Taner Sel çuk and Ozan Özkan who hel ped me t hr oughout t his st udy; wit hout t heir support s , t hi s t hesi s woul d not be co mpl et ed t hat fast.
I t hank my mot her and my f at her f or t he opport unit y gi ven t o accompl i sh my educati on, my br ot her Kurt ul uş Gar agon f or hi s i nt erest despit e t he di st ance, and my sist er Ayli n Garagon f or her mor al support at t he last st age of t his st udy.
Speci al t hanks t o my f iance Pol at Doğr u f or hi s patience, encourageme nt, and li ngui sti c support. I am gr eatl y i ndebt ed whoever have made a si gnifi cant contri buti on t o t his st udy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVI ATI ONS v
Lİ ST OF TABLES vi
Lİ ST OF FI GURES vii
SUMMARY viii
ÖZET i x
1. I NTRODUCTI ON 1
1. 1. Introducti on and The Ai m of The St udy 1
2. ACCESS TO GEOGRAP HI C I NFOR MATI ON 3
2. 1. Inf or mati on Shari ng over The Int er net 3
2. 2. Bal ance of The Pr ocess Shari ng 3
2. 3. Appr oaches t o Onli ne GI S 4
2. 3. 1. Ra w dat a 4
2. 3. 2. St ati c maps 4
2. 3. 3. Dyna mi c maps 5
2. 3. 4. Quer y and anal ysi s 5
3. I NTERACTI VE EARTHQUAKE I NFORMATI ON ON THE I NTERNET 6
3. 1. Met hod 6
3. 2. Tool s 6
3. 3. Dat a Types 7
3. 3. 1. Rast er dat a 7
3. 3. 2. Vect or dat a 9
3. 4. Co mmuni cati on Among The Soft war e Co mponent s 11
3. 5. Wor k Fl ow of The Appli cati on 13
4. ADDI TI ONS ON THE STUDY 16
4. 1. Contri but es of Discipli nes t o GI S 16
4. 2. Ne w Geodat aset s 16
4. 2. 1. Dat a acqui siti on 16
4. 2. 2. Dat a co mpil ati on 17
4. 3. Struct ural Base of The St udy 17
4. 3. 1. Soft war e i nst all ations 18
4. 3. 2. Setti ng pr operti es 18
4. 3. 3. For mi ng appli cati on 21
4. 4. Ser ver Si de 25
4. 5. Specifi c Operati ons 26
5. CONCLUSI ONS AND FUTURE EXTENSI ONS 34
ABBREVI ATI ONS
B MP : Wi ndo ws Bit map
ES RI : Envir on ment al Syst e ms Research Instit ut e EXE : Execut abl e Fil e Ext ension
GI S : Geogr aphi c Inf or mati on Syst e m GPS : Gl obal Positi oni ng Syste m
HT ML : Hypert ext Transfer Markup Language
I MS : Int er net Map Ser ver
I P : Int er net Pr ot ocol
I SDN : Int egrat ed Ser vi ces Di gital Net wor k JPEG : Joi nt Phot ographi cs Experts Gr oup
KOERI : Kandilli Obser vat or y and Eart hquake Research Instit ut e
MB : Megabyt es
MHz : Megahert z
MO : Map Obj ect s
MOI MS : Map Obj ect s Int er net Map Ser ver
PC : Personal Co mput er
RA M : Rando m Access Me mor y
TCP : Trans missi on Contr ol Prot ocol TI FF : Tagged I mage Fil e Format TXT : Text Fil e For mat
URL : Uni versal Resource Locat or US GS : Unit ed St at es Geol ogi cal Sur vey
LI ST OF TABLES
Page No
Tabl e 3. 1. La mbert Conf or mal Coni c Pr oj ecti on Para met ers ... 8
Tabl e 3. 2. A Sa mpl e of Eart hquake Dat a ... 11
Tabl e 4. 1. Ne w Geodat aset s ... 15
Tabl e 4. 2. A Sa mpl e of Visual Basic Codes ... 23
LI ST OF FI GURES Page No Fi gure 2. 1 Fi gure 3. 1 Fi gure 3. 2 Fi gure 3. 3 Fi gure 3. 4 Fi gure 3. 5 Fi gure 4. 1 Fi gure 4. 2 Fi gure 4. 3 Fi gure 4. 4 Fi gure 4. 5 Fi gure 4. 6 Fi gure 4. 7 Fi gure 4. 8 Fi gure 4. 9 Fi gure 4. 10 Fi gure 4. 11 Fi gure 4. 12 Fi gure 4. 13 Fi gure 4. 14 Fi gure 4. 15 Fi gure 4. 16 Fi gure 4. 17 Fi gure 4. 18 Fi gure 4. 19 Fi gure 4. 20 Fi gure 4. 21 Fi gure 4. 22 Fi gure 4. 23 Fi gure 4. 24
: Cl assi c Cli ent/ Ser ver Model ... : Ar chit ect ure of Dyna mi c Map Br owser ... : Topogr aphi c Map ... : Popul ati on Densit y Map ... : Vect or Dat a Displ ay ... : Current Eart hquakes Dat a on KOERI Web Page ... : Personel Web Manager Di al og ... : I MS Cat al og Pr operti es Dial og ... : I MS Launch Pr operti es Di al og ... : I MS Ad mi n Web Pr operti es Di al og ... : Map Obj ect s Web Pr operti es Di al og ... : I MS Ad mi ni strat or ... : Visual Basi c Co mponent s Di al og ... : Visual Basi c Pr oj ect Displ ay ... : Pr opert y Page Di al og ... : Layer Pr operti es Di al og ... : Dat a Pat h For m ... : Appli cati on For m ... : Web Page ... : Logi cal Quer y ... : Thu mbnail Map ... : Quer y Results on Current Eart hquakes Layer ... : Quer y Results Tabl e for Eart hquakes Layer ... : Quer y Result on Map Index Layer ... : Quer y Result Tabl e for Ma p I ndex Layer ... : Quer y Results on Count ies Layer ... : Quer y Results Tabl e for Counti es Layer ... : Li st of Current Eart hquakes ... : Map I mage wit h Mar ked Eart hquake ... : Hel p Page ... 4 6 9 9 10 15 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33
İ NTERNET ÜZERİ NDEN DEPRE M Bİ LGİ SİSTE Mİ ÖZET
Bu pr oj eni n a macı, i nt ernet kull anı cıları nı n deprem bil gileri ne kol ay ul aşabil mel eri ni sağl a maktır. İ nt ernet Üzeri nden Depre m Bil gi Siste mi, konu msal dat a ve kull anı cı arası ndaki et kileşi mi ifade et mekt edir. Çalış ma, Coğrafi Bil gi Si st e mi ( CBS) ve İnt erneti n fonksi yonl arı nı birleştir mekt edir.
Veri ileti minde İ nt erneti n i şl evi dar kapsa mda, kull anı cıları n veri yi İnt ernet üzeri nden el de edi p, kendi bil gisayarları nda özel CBS yazılıml arı il e değerl endir mel eri ol arak düşünül mekt edir. Bu yakl aşı m, dat anı n daha veri mli kull anıl mak i st endi ği dur uml ar i çi n anl a mlı dır. Fakat bu dur u mda İ nt er neti n işlevselli ği sı nırlandırılma kt adır, kull anı cılar veri yi görebil mek i çi n özel CBS yazılı mları na i hti yaç duyma kt adırlar. Bu çalış ma, İnt ernet üzeri nden CBS verisi ni ve CBS f onksi yonl arı nı kull anabil mek i çi n, yazılı mdan bağı msı z bir sist e m sun makt adır. Bil gi ye ul aşabil mek i çi n sadece bir İ nt ernet t arayı cısı yet erli ol makt adır.
Böyl e bir sist e mi ol uştur mak i çi n, pr ogra mla ma yap mak ve bil gisayarda verileri işle mek gerek mekt edir. Bu nedenl e bir CBS uygul a ması geliştiril miş ve İ nt ernet kull anı cıları nı n uygul a maya ul aşabil mel eri ni sağla mak a macı il e bir arayüz pr ogra mı kull anıl mıştır. Kull anı cılar bu sist e m aracılı ğı ile konu msal ve t ari hsel sor gul a ma yaparak, depre m bil gileri ne ul aşabil mekt edirler. Bu model, bil gi ni n devaml ılı ğı ve güncell enmesi de dahil ol mak üzere veri yöneti mini kol ayl aştır makt adır.
I NTERACTI VE EARTHQUAKE I NFOR MATI ON ON THE I NTERNET SUMMARY
The ai m of t he pr oj ect i s t o pr ovi de publi c access t o i nf or mati on about eart hquakes. “I nt eracti ve Eart hquake Infor mati on on t he I nt ernet ” i s t he i nt eracti vit y of t he users and t he spati al dat a. The st udy co mbi nes t he advant ages of bot h GI S and the I nt er net. Usi ng t he I nt er net t o trans mit dat a assu mes t hat t he user will r un t he data i n t heir l ocal machi ne wi t h st and- al one GI S s oft war e i nst all ed. Thi s i s meani ngful i n t he sense t hat it can f acilitat e users t o obt ai n dat a mor e effi ci entl y. Ho wever t he meani ng of t he I nt er net i n t hi s manner i s ver y li mit ed. GI S users must have t radi ti onal GI S soft wares t o vi e w and anal yse dat a. Thi s st udy serves a s oft war e-i ndependent s yst e m t o use onli ne GI S. The Inter net Br owser is adequat e onl y t o reach t he i nf ormati on. In or der t o built such a syst e m, it i s r equired t o pr ogra m and pr ocess t he dat a i n a co mput er. So a GI S appli cati on i s f or med and a gat e way pr ogra m i s used t o co mmuni cat e t he users. Us ers can access eart hquake i nf or mati on doi ng spati al and hi st ori cal quer y by means of t he s yst e m. Furt hermor e t hi s model makes t he pr oducer have easy dat a manage ment i ncl udi ng mai nt enance and updati ng.
1. I NTRODUCTI ON
1. 1. Introducti on and t he Ai m of t he St udy
It mi ght be t hought t hat t he fi el d of GI S i s not a r ecent i nnovati on. Fr o m t he earli est ci vili zati ons t o moder n ones, spati al dat a have been coll ect ed by s ur veys and rendered i nt o pi ct ori al for m. The de mand f or maps of t he t opogr aphy and s pecifi c t he mes of t he Eart h’s surface has accel erat ed greatl y i n t he t wenti et h cent ury.
Duri ng t he 1960s and 1970s, first exa mpl es of t he earli est GI S - whi ch i s a co mput er based s yst e m t hat capt ur e, st ore, edit, anal yze, di spl ay, and pl ot geogr aphi call y referenced dat a- wer e devel oped. But t he syst e m r equired devel op ment of technol ogy, whi ch was a ver y hi gh cost. I n t he 1980s, as t he co mput er t echnol ogy i mpr oved and t he har dware pri ces decreased, so GI S beca me a vi abl e t echnol ogy. Mo der n GI S arri ved when co mput ers beco me powerf ul, mor e easy t o use and mor e aff or dabl e ( Davi s, 96). In t he earl y 1990s whil e t he GI S t echnol ogy i mproved, t he Int er net – whi ch i s a worl dwi de coll ecti on of comput er net wor ks, cooperati ng wi t h each ot her t o exchange dat a usi ng a co mmon s oft war e st andar d- has al so cl osel y foll owed t he r api d devel op ment of t he co mput er t echnol ogy. Fil e transfers have enabl ed t he wi despread distri buti on and retri eval of geographi c dat a on t he Int er net. Today appr oxi mat el y 40 milli on peopl e who ar e i n al most 150 countri es ar ound t he worl d ar e connect ed t o t he I nt er net. Fr o m t he ni net eent h cent ur y call ed t he Machi ne Age, t he I nt er net t akes us i nt o t he I nf or mation Age. It see ms t hat all f ut ure appli cati ons of GI S will be web appli cati ons t hat run over t he Int er net.
In t hi s t hesi s, it i s ai med t o co mpr ehend and devel op t he exi sti ng st udy t hat i s na med Int eracti ve Eart hquake I nf or mati on on t he I nt er net, whi ch pr ovi des an easy access i nf or mati on about eart hquakes f or t he publi c users. It was desi gned t o meet l ow technol ogi cal require ment s wit h i nexperi enced users. I n t hi s syst e m, dat a pr epar ed bef ore and dat a f or med aft er are used t ogether. To pr ovi de mai nt enance and
changes i n t he f uncti ons. Furt her mor e ne w l ayers wer e added t o t he ma p t o ext end t he st udy.
In t he second chapt er, necessiti es f or shari ng dat a ar e menti oned, and t he bal ance of t he cli ent/ser ver model whi ch t he web i s based are descri bed. Furt her more, t ypes of access t o geographi c i nf or mati on on t he Int er net are su mmari zed.
In chapt er t hree, t here are det ailed i nfor mation about “I nt eracti ve Eart hquake Infor mati on on t he I nt ernet ” was expl ai ned. Met hods, t ools and dat a t ypes used and wor k fl ow of t he appli cati on are cl arifi ed.
Chapt er f our consi sts t he st eps of i mpr ove ment s i n t he pr oj ect. Constr uction of t he st udy and cli ent si de of the appli cati on are also i ncl uded.
2. ACCESS TO GEOGRAP HI C I NFOR MATI ON
2. 1 Inf or mati on Shari ng over t he Internet
The advant ages of t he worl d wi de web ar e numer ous, t he t wo pri mar y bei ng ti me i ndependence and s patial i ndependence ( Mohl er and Duff, 99). It pr ovi des easy access t o dat a fr o m di fferent sour ces. Peopl e can request and do wnl oad i nf or mati on from t he web over t he Int er net. It i s mor e effi cient t han t rans mitti ng dat a t hr ough di sks. Wi t hout t he web, shari ng i nf or mati on woul d be sl ower and mor e compl i cat ed. Si nce t he web is wi despread, it is an effi ci ent way t o di stri but e dat a.
There are many benefits of shari ng dat a. When t he cost of “no i nf ormati on” i s co mpar ed wi t h t he cost s of shari ng t echnol ogi es, it i s bol dl y seen t hat t he cost s of shari ng t echnol ogi es are cheap. Two co mponents of t he 1990s t echnol ogi es, t he Int er net and GI S changed t he pr ocesses of accessi ng, shari ng, di sse mi nati ng and anal yzi ng dat a. Onli ne GI S co mbi nes t he advant ages of bot h GI S and t he Int er net. It is descri bed as a net wor k-centri c GI S t ool t hat uses t he I nt er net t o access and trans mit dat a and anal ysis t ool s t o enhance t he vi suali zati on and i nt egrati on of s pati al dat a.
2. 2 Bal ance of t he Process Shari ng
For desi gni ng onli ne GI S appli cati ons, vari et y of pr ogr a ms and f or ms ar e avail abl e. But t he web appli cati ons are based on t he sa me model t hat i s call ed client/ser ver model ( Fi gure 2. 1). The cli ent makes a r equest t o a ser ver. The ser ver pr ocesses t he request and r et ur ns t he i nf or mati on t o t he cli ent. In t hi s model, t he pr ocess i s s har ed bet ween t he cli ent and t he ser ver, wit h different r ati os. Thi s shari ng pr ocess i s generat ed i n vari ous f orms whi ch have advant ages and di sadvant ages. A t hi ck cli ent (i nt eracti ng wi t h a li ght ser ver) pr ovi des po werf ul anal ysi s. But it i s har d t o mai nt ai n t he ser vi ce. A t hi n cli ent (i nt eracti ng wi t h heavy ser ver) i s li mit ed wi t h si mpl e appli cati ons. Ho wever, it can be used by many peopl e.
Fi gur e 2. 1 Cl assi c Cli ent/ Ser ver Model.
2. 3 Approaches to Online GI S
Ge ogr aphi c i nf or mati on can be di stri but ed i n variet y of f or ms on t he I nt ernet. Onli ne GI S i ncl udes any appli cati on t hat uses t he I nt er net t echnol ogy t o make geogr aphi c dat a avail abl e. There are four basi c appr oaches t o trans mit geogr aphi c dat a.
2. 3. 1 Ra w dat a
Types of access t o geographi c dat a depend on t he r equire ment s. Users can wi sh t o use dat a i n t heir o wn s yst e ms t o anal yse. The best choi ce f or t hese users i s t o do wnl oad t he r a w dat a over t he I nt er net. Aft er t he dat a set s have been put on t he user’s l ocal di sk, t he GI S wor k i s done off-li ne. In t his dat a di stri buti on t ype, users must have t heir o wn GI S s oft war es. The user can do many operati ons, rat her t han sendi ng a ne w r equest for ever y oper ati on. Alt hough t he i nt er nal dat a struct ure of a GI S i s generall y t oo compl ex (i. e., many fil es and di rect ori es) t o t ransport easil y ( Pl e we, 97). FTP whi ch st ands f or fil e transfer pr ot ocol has been a popul ar alt er nati ve t o t he We b f or t ransporti ng t hi s t ype of i nf or mati on. Soft ware-specifi c for mat s and al so s oft ware-i ndependent exchange for mat s are avail abl e. I n t hi s t ype, t here is little pr ocessi ng on eit her si de.
2. 3. 2 St ati c maps
The most co mmon way t o di stri but e geogr aphi c i nf or mati on i s maps. Ther e ar e several f or ms of maps on t he I nt er net. St ati c ma ps are not alt erabl e. No geogr aphi c pr ocessi ng t akes pl ace at st ati c map appli cati ons. Thi s appr oach consi st s of pr edesi gned map i mages. These maps are created by usi ng t he GI S s oft war es or
gr aphi cs soft war es. Thi s t ype i s t echni call y si mplisti c, and it r equires t he l east eff ort of web br owser and user capabilities.
2. 3. 3 Dyna mi c maps
Dyna mi c maps enabl e t o choose f eat ures t hat will be di spl ayed, such as t he scal e, l ocati on et c. I n t hi s t ype of appli cati ons, maps are dr a wn accor di ng t o pr eset para met ers. And t hen t he web br owser di spl ays t he map as an i mage. By changi ng t he para met ers, users can generat e and vi e w a new ma p. Thi s t ype causes heavy l oad on t he ser ver si de. It r equires pr ogra mmi ng t o pr ovi de a map ser vi ce. It shoul d have a java or acti vex appl et, whi ch ext ends t he br owser capabilities. When users vi sit t he sit e, t hey ar e do wnl oaded aut o mati call y and t e mpor aril y. The alt er nati ve is a pl ug-i n appr oach. Pl ug-i ns must be do wnl oaded and i nst alled li ke a pr ogr a m. Alt hough t hey pr ovi de a wi de vari et y of map vi e wi ng f uncti ons, users may not want t o spend ti me or t hey may not have t he experi ence t o downl oad pl ug-i ns.
2. 3. 4 Query and anal ysis
Thi s t ype of accessi ng dat a all ows users t o perf or m queri es and s pati al anal ysi s. It pr ovi des users capabilities t hat are f ound i n GI S s oft war es. Any f unctions a GI S have, can be perf or med li ke dat a editi ng or creati ng. A cust o m web i nt erface i s needed f or GI S appli cati ons. Thi s cat egor y r equires eff ort f or pr ogra mmi ng and a gr eat deal of co mput er processi ng.
3. I NTERACTI VE EARTHQUAKE I NFORMATI ON ON THE I NTERNET
In t hi s st udy a GI S applicati on was devel oped and a web sit e was confi gured t o ser ve t he maps on t he I nt ernet. “Int eracti ve Eart hquake I nf or mati on on t he I nter net ” i s a soft ware-i ndependent syste m t hat enabl es users t o reach spati al i nf or mati on easil y.
3. 1. Met hod
In t his st udy, mappi ng appli cati on t ype i s “dynami c web br owser”. Map para met ers are sent by t he I nt er net, and t he map i mage i s f or med accor di ng t o setti ng para met ers. I n t hi s met hod, t he cli ent si de has t he web br owser onl y. The ser ver si de has geogr aphi c dat a, GI S s oft war es, and an i nt erface pr ogra m. Fi gure 3. 1 di spl ays t he archit ect ure of t he dyna mi c map br owser.
Fi gur e 3. 1 Ar chit ect ure of Dyna mi c Map Br o wser.
3. 2. Tool s
The t ool s used ar e “ Ma p Obj ect s” acti vex softwar e co mponent and “Ma p Obj ect s Int ernet Map Ser ver” soft ware. Map Obj ects was used t o buil d t he GI S appli cati on and MOI MS was used as a gat e way pr ogr a m. Ma p Obj ect s i s an acti ve X contr ol. Acti ve X contr ol s can not be used al one, t hey shoul d be used wi t h an appli cati on devel op ment envir on ment. Map Obj ect s and MOI MS wer e used t oget her wi t h Vi sual Basi c i n t his pr oj ect.
Mi cr osoft Personel We b Ser ver Pr ogr a m was used t o s hare i nf or mati on over t he Int er net. Al so Micr osoft I nt er net Tr ansfer Control was used t o connect ot her web ser vers and retri eve HTML docu ment s.
For t he pr eparati on of t he spati al dat a Ar c Vie w, Ar cI nf o, Er das I magi ne, and Mi cr osoft Phot oshop progr a ms wer e used.
3. 3. Dat a Types
Rast er and vect or, t he t wo t ypes of geogr aphi c dat a wer e pr epared. Raster dat a i s a cell ul ar dat a struct ure composed of r ows and col u mns. Vect or dat a r epresent s each feat ure as a r o w i n a t abl e, and f eat ure shapes are defi ned by x, y l ocati ons i n s pace. In t hi s st udy, rast er dat a r epresent s t opogr aphy and popul ati on densit y. Vect or dat a represent s eart hquakes, ma p i ndex, pr ovi nces, boundri es, counti es, l akes, ri vers, roads.
3. 3. 1 Raster dat a
Di git al El evati on Model was do wnl oaded fr o m USGS web sit e. Popul ati on dat a wer e taken fr o m Nati onal St atisti c I nstit ut e’s web site. Ar cI nf o was used f or t he mai n transf or mati ons(coor di nate, pr oj ecti on), cutti ng, and sel ecti on of t he f eat ures. Ar c Vi e w was used f or br owsi ng t he dat a, and exa mi ni ng t he dat aset s. For i mage editi ng of t he rast er dat aset s, Mi cr osoft Phot oshop was used.
Di git al El evati on Model do wnl oaded fr o m t he USGS We b sit e was i n bi nary f or mat. Bi nar y dat a wer e expl ored wi t h Ar cI nf o soft ware and export ed t o cell based gri d for mat. The coor di nat e s yst e m of t he do wnl oaded dat a f or t opography was geogr aphi c coor di nat e syst e m. The geogr aphi cal coor di nat e syst e m i s suit abl e f or large areas. But it does not accurat el y portray t he shape of fi gures. For t hi s r eason t he La mbert Conf or mal Coni c map pr oj ecti on was sel ect ed as t he map pr oj ecti on met hod, whi ch i s one of t he best f or mi ddl e l atit udes. It mai nt ai ns di st ance and directi on wi t h mi ni mal dist orti on of area and shape. Gri d dat a wer e pr oj ect ed t o t he La mbert Conf or mal Conic pr oj ecti on by usi ng i ma ge pr ocessi ng s oft ware ERDAS I magi ne. Tabl e 3. 1 shows t he pr oj ecti on para met ers.
Tabl e 3. 1 La mbert Conf ormal Coni c Pr oj ecti on Paramet ers
Spher oi d Int er nati onal 1909
Dat u m Eur opean 1950
1st St andar d Parall el 37 30 00 2st St andar d Parall el 40 30 00
Cent ral Meri di an 36 00 00
Ref erence Latit ude 00 00 00
Fal se Easti ng 1 000 000
Fal se Nort hi ng 0. 0
Coni c pr oj ecti on nor mal l y based on t wo st andard par all els. Scal e i s tr ue al ong t he t wo sel ect ed st andar d parall els. St andar d Par allel s are t he li nes of no di st orti on. Cent ral meri di an i s t he central li ne of ori gi n t hough t he area of i nt erest, used i n many rect angul ar coor di nat e syst e ms t o ori ent t he coordi nat e gri d. Fal se easti ng and f al se nort hi ng ar e nu meri cal const ant s used t o eli mi nate negati ve coor di nat es i n a s yst e m, or t o change t he coor di nates t o mor e conveni ent val ues.
Gri d dat a wer e cli pped f or t he st udy ar ea ( Tur key) usi ng Ar cI nf o s oft war e. And t hen Ar c Vi e w was used t o cl assify gri d dat a accor di ng t o its hei ght val ues. I n order t o use rast er dat a i n MOI MS appli cati on, dat a wer e convert ed fr o m gri d f or mat t o J PEG i mage f or mat. And t hen it was convert ed t o TI FF f or mat usi ng Micr osoft Phot oshop soft ware, because Ma p Obj ect s di spl ays TI FF for mat effi ci entl y t han J PEG fil e for mat. Ar c Vi e w can not export maps t o georeferenced i mages. Georef erenci ng requires t he dat a t o be pl aced i n a co mmon coor di nat e syst e m. So t he i mage was geor eferenced t o t he Lambert Conf or mal Coni c pr oj ecti on by usi ng i mage pr ocessi ng soft ware ERDAS I magi ne. Fi gure 3. 2 di spl ays t he i mage aft er pr ocess.
Fi gure 3. 2 Topographi c Map.
For t he pr eparati on of t he popul ati on densit y data, Ar c Vi e w was used t o cal cul at e areas of t he boundri es and col ori ze shape fil e accor di ng t o popul ati on densit y val ues. De nsit y di spl ay was export ed t o a J PEG f or mat. J PEG fil e was convert ed t o a TI FF for mat. TI FF i mage fil e was geor eferenced t o Lambert Conf or mal Coni c Pr oj ecti on usi ng ERDAS I magi ne. Fi gure 3. 3 di spl ays t he classifi ed i mage.
Fi gure 3. 3 Popul ati on Densit y Map. 3. 3. 2 Vect or Dat a
Ar c Vi e w s hape fil e dat a f or mat was sel ect ed as t he vect or dat a f or mat. Shape fil es can support poi nt, li ne, and ar ea ( cl osed l oop) feat ures. Shape fil e st ores geo met r y
feat ure i s st ored as a s hape i ncl udi ng a set of vect or coor di nat es. Attri but es ar e hel d i n a dBase for mat fil e.
Di git al Chart of t he Wor l d Dat a wer e used f or vect or dat a (i. e., ri vers, l akes). Dat a wer e do wnl oaded fr o m htt p:// www. gi sdat adepot.co m web sit e. These dat a wer e i n t he shape fil e f or mat. Fi gur e 3. 4 sho ws t he vect or dat a obt ai ned i n t he shape fil e for mat.
Fi gure 3. 4 Vect or Dat a Displ ay
Eart hquake dat a f or matted t ext fil e wer e obt ai ned fr o m Sei s mol ogy Depart ment of Ka ndilli Obser vat or y and Eart hquake Research Instit ut e. Ar c Vi e w wa s used t o convert t ext fil e t o s hape fil e. Attri but e i nf or mation of s hape fil e was al so st ored i n dat abase fil e. A part of eart hquake dat a i n t he t ext fil e f or mat i s di spl ayed at Fi gur e 3. 5.
Tabl e 3. 2 A Sa mpl e of Earthquake Dat a.
Al l vect or dat a wer e obt ai ned i n t he geogr aphi c coor di nat e syst e m. And t hen t hey wer e pr oj ect ed t o La mbert Conf or mal Coni c usi ng Ar c Vi e w.
3. 4. Co mmuni cati on Amo ng t he Soft ware Compone nts
Ma p Obj ect s i s an Acti ve X s oft war e co mponent. It i s a unit of execut abl e code s uch as an exe or dll. It pr ovi des mor e f uncti ons t o for m cust o m ma ppi ng appli cati ons. Once i nst all ed on a s yste m and r egi st ered i n a devel op ment envir on ment s uch as Vi sual Basi c, Map Obj ect s co mponent can be added t o a f or m and used t o devel op appli cati ons. The most i mport ant part about Acti ve X contr ol i s t hat t hey have “pr operties, events, and met hods”. Usi ng t hese t ool s t oget her i ncreases t he po wer of appli cati ons. Pr operti es are t he speci al feat ures about a contr ol. They defi ne t he out er vi e w of t he contr ol. Met hods ar e t he f uncti ons t hat an Acti ve X can perf orm. Event s
Di spl ay a map wit h multi pl e map l ayers, such as r oads, strea ms and boundari es.
Pan and zoo m t hr oughout a map.
Dr a w graphi c feat ures such as poi nts, li nes, elli pses, rect angl es and pol ygons. Dr a w descri pti ve text.
Identify feat ures on a map by poi nti ng at t he m.
Sel ect feat ures al ong li nes and i nsi de boxes, areas, pol ygons, and circl es. Sel ect feat ures wit hi n a specifi ed dist ance of ot her feat ures.
Sel ect feat ures wit h an SQL expressi on. Cal cul at e basi c st atistics on sel ect ed feat ures.
Quer y and updat e attri bute dat a associ at ed wit h select ed feat ures.
Render f eat ures wit h t hemati c met hods such as val ue maps, cl ass br eaks, dot densit y, charts, event s or by Z val ues.
Label feat ures wit h text fro m fi el d val ues. Cr eat e ne w shape files.
Dr a w i mages fro m aeri al phot ography or sat ellite ima ger y. Dyna mi call y displ ay real-ti me or ti me-seri es dat a.
Type i n an addr ess and find a l ocati on on a map. Pr oj ect dat a i nt o different coor di nat e syst e ms.
We b Li nk. ocx i s al so an Acti ve X contr ol. Thi s contr ol i s i nst all ed aut o mat icall y wi t h MOI MS. Once added and confi gured i n a devel op ment envir on ment such as Vi sual Basi c, its r ol e i s t o li sten on an assi gned port f or r equest s fr o m a cli ent and co mmuni cat e wit h t he esri map. dll.
Esri map. dll i s a dyna mi c li nk li brar y co mponent t hat ext ends We b Ser ver Soft war e. It can manage request s and responses fro m map ser ver and ad mi ni st er map ser vi ces. A Vi sual Basi c pr oj ect was creat ed and Ma p Obj ect s and We bLi nk wer e added t o t he pr oj ect t o for m t he appli cati on.
The t ool s used i n t hi s st udy wer e i nst all ed on t he ser ver i n t he f oll owi ng order. First we b ser ver soft war e t hen map ser ver soft war e at l ast map obj ect s co mponent. We b ser ver soft war e cr eat es a di rect or y and s ubdirectori es on t he ser ver f or fil e s hari ng (dri vena me:\i net pub\ wwwr oot\). A web page st ored i n t hi s direct or y wi ll be accessed by t he users on t he net wor k. Map Obj ect s I nt er net Map Ser ver soft war e creat es t hr ee execut abl e appli cati ons. These ar e I MS Cat al og, I MS Launch, I MS Admi ni strat or. Ma p Obj ect s I nt er net Map Ser ver act s as a gat ewa y bet ween We b Ser ver and t he ma ppi ng appli cati on. I MS Cat al og, I MS Launch and I MS Ad mi n ar e connect ed t o each ot her. I MS Ad mi n co mmuni cat es wit h I MS Cat al og t o manage t he st at e of a ma p ser vi ce. I MS Cat alog co mmuni cat es wit h IMS Launch. When st arti ng a ma p ser vi ce, I MS Cat al og t rans mit s t he pat h and t he fil e na me of t he ma p servi ce. I MS Launch responds by st arti ng t he map ser vi ce.
3. 5. Work Fl ow of t he Appli cati on
Whe n a cli ent sends a URL r equest t o t he ser ver t hat host s esri map. dll. Esri map. dll det er mi nes whi ch map ser vi ce t o co mmuni cat e t o r espond t he r equest. The URL addr ess :
htt p:// Ser ver Na me/ scri pts/ esri map. dll ? Na me = Ma pSer vi ce Na me &Cmd= Map
Each ar gu ment and val ue pair i s r eferred t o a quer y par a met er. The first quer y para met er i n t he URL i s used t o det er mi ne whi ch appli cati on t he cli ent wa nt s t o co mmuni cat e. The applicati on na me f oll ows t he “?” si gn. Each ar gu ment and val ue pair is seperat ed wit h “ &” si gn. Ar gu ment s and val ues are used t o call t he f uncti ons t hat perfor m specific mappi ng operati ons. I n t hi s URL address, “ Name” i s t he ar gu ment and “ MapSer vice Na me” i s t he val ue. Ar gu ment s trans mit t he i nf or mati on t o t he appli cati on t hat whi ch f uncti on wi ll be execut ed by t he GI S appli cati on. Val ues are t he para met ers for t hese functi ons.
The GI S appli cati on t rans mit s an HT ML page t o t he user f or t he r equest. HT ML code i s generat ed i n t he GI S appli cati on by usi ng Writ eStri ng met hod of We bLi nk acti vex contr ol. Requested map i s al so sent i n HT ML code. Bef ore t ransmi tti ng t he ma p, it i s export ed t o a bit map i mage fil e by Ma p Obj ect s. Si nce t he bitma p i mage fil e f or mat i s not a compr essed one, it i s convert ed t o J PG i mage fil e usi ng B MP2J PG met hod of WebLi nk acti vex contr ol.
Mi cr osoft I nt er net Tr ansfer Contr ol and a Ti mer Obj ect wer e al so used as co mponent s t o updat e t he current eart hquake i nf or mati on. The ti mer control t hat r uns at i nt er val s i s used t o updat e t he current earthquake i nf or mati on. I n ever y t en
mi nut es, t he appli cati on connect s t he URL addr ess
htt p:// www. koeri. boun. edu.tr/sis mo/trk.t xt usi ng t he Micr osoft I nt er net Tr ansfer Cont r ol. Aft er t he connecti on, t he t ext fil e t hat cont ai ns current eart hquake i nf or mati on is downl oaded fro m t he web page ( Figur e 3. 5).
The do wnl oaded t ext file i s st ored i n a stri ng vari abl e. The stri ng vari abl e i s exa mi ned. I nf or mati on about each eart hquake is st ored i n an associ at ed stri ng vari abl e. The i nf or mati on i ncl udes dat e, ti me, l atit ude, l ongit ude, dept h, ma gnit ude and l ocati on of t he eart hquakes. Usi ng t hi s i nf ormati on a ne w poi nt t ype geogr aphi c dat aset i s creat ed and t he ol d l ayer i s r e moved. Poi nt coor di nat es of t he eart hquakes are i n t he geogr aphi c coor di nat e syst e m. They ar e convert ed t o t he La mbert Conf or mal Coni c Pr oj ecti on by usi ng a dll pr ogra m whi ch was cr eat ed wi t h C++ pr ogra mmi ng l anguage bef ore. The pr oj ect ed coordi nat es are st ored i n t he s hape fil e and attri but es ar e st ored i n t he dat abase t abl e. Eart hquake poi nt s wer e sy mboli zed accor di ng t o t heir magnitude and dept h val ues. Two t ypes of sy mboli zati on ar e used for t he eart hquake poi nt s. Sy mbol si ze of t he poi nt s r epresent s t he magnitude of t he eart hquakes. Sy mbol color of t he poi nt s represent s t he dept h of t he eart hquakes.
Fi gure 3. 5 Current Eart hquakes Dat a on KOERI Web Page.
The di fference bet ween current eart hquakes l ayer and t he ot her l ayers i s t hat current eart hquakes l ayer i s creat ed duri ng t he appli cation, t he ot her l ayers wer e pr epar ed bef ore.
4. ADDI TI ONS ON THE STUDY
4. 1 Cont ri but es of Discipli nes to GI S
GI S i s multi di sci pli nar y. It i s a conver gence of t echnol ogi cal fi el ds and t raditi onal di sci pli nes. GI S dat a come fr o m vari et y of s our ces. GI S i s devel oped by associ ati on of multi pl e di sci pli nes such as geodesy, phot ogr a mmet r y, cart ography, st atisti cs, mat he mati cs, co mput er sci ence, Eart h sci ence, and s ur veyi ng. Each r elat ed fi el d pr ovi des so me of t he tecni qui es, whi ch f or m GI S. GI S i s used by di fferent constit uent s, depart ment s, and i nt erest gr oups. It i s possi bl e t o make conventi onal GI S over t he Int er net shari ng vari ous dat a for t he use of t he whol e worl d.
4. 2 Ne w Geodat asets
In t hi s t hesi s, ne w dat a were added and so me exi sti ng dat a wer e updat ed ( Tabl e 4. 1). Tabl e 4. 1 Ne w Geodat aset s.
Layers Pr ocess Feat ure
Type
Sy mbol Type Eart hquake Recor d St ations added poi nt rect angl e
Fault Li nes added li ne soli d
Mar mar a GPS St ati ons added poi nt tri angl e Di spl ace ment Vect ors by GPS added li ne arr ow Hi st ori cal Eart hquakes updat ed poi nt circl e
The hi st ori cal eart hquakes cit ed i n t hi s st udy ar e t he eart hquakes t hat occur ed bet ween 1900 and 2002. The eart hquakes t hat occured fr o m t he begi nni ng of 2002 until no w ar e na med t he current eart hquakes. The updat e pr ocess was done accor di ng t o t hese defi niti ons.
4. 2. 1. Dat a acqui siti on
Coor di nat es of sei s mic stati ons whi ch ar e spr ead i n Tur key wer e do wnl oaded fr o m Sei s mol ogy Depart ment of Kandilli Obser vat or y and Eart hquake Research I nstit ut e.
Coor di nat es of strong gr ound moti on st ati ons wer e obt ai ned fr o m Eart hquake Engi neeri ng Depart ment of KOERI. I n additi on, post sei s mic di spl ace ment vect ors of Mar mar a GPS net wor k poi nt s wer e obt ai ned fr o m Geodesy Depart ment of KOERI. Coor di nat es of fault li nes wer e obt ai ned fro m Geophysi cs Departme nt. 4. 2. 2. Dat a co mpil ati on
For co mbi ni ng multi pl e fil es on t he sa me di spl ay, dat a must be i n t he sa me s pati al reference s yst e m. Aft er dat a wer e obt ai ned, t hey wer e s ubj ect ed t o s ome pr ocess such as coor di nat e transfor mati on and mani pul ation.
The nu mber of sei s mi c st ati ons cit ed i n t hi s st udy ar e 39. Accor di ng t o t heir co mmuni cati on t ypes t hese st ati ons are na med br oadband, onli ne, and tel e met r y st ati ons. The nu mber of strong gr ound moti on st ati ons ar e 13. Thi s i nf or mati on was do wnl oaded fr o m KOERI web sit e and an Ar c Vi ew s cri pt was writt en t o convert t he text fil e f or mat t o s hape fil e f or mat. Ar c Vi ew s cri pt s are macr os writt en i n Ar c Vi e w’s pr ogra mmi ng l anguage and devel op ment environment called Avenue. At t he sa me ti me t he attri bute i nf or mati on was st ored i n t he dat abase.
Si nce t he poi nt s sy mbolize t he st ati ons and t he vect ors r epresent t he li nes, anot her Ar c Vi e w scri pt was used t o add di spl ace ment vectors by GPS and fault li nes.
The coor di nat e syst e m of t he vect or dat a t hat obt ained fr o m di fferent sour ces was t he geogr aphi c coor di nat e syst e m. So dat a wer e pr oj ect ed t o La mbert Conf ormal Coni c by usi ng Ar c Vi e w pr ogram.
Vi sual Basi c 6. 0 was used t o add ne w dat a and t o i nt egrat e t he ne w and existi ng dat a.
4. 3 Struct ural Base of the St udy
In t hi s st udy si ngl e co mput er confi gurati on was f or med. We b ser ver and ma p s er ver soft ware pr ogr a ms and al so Ma p Obj ect s applicati on wer e set up i n t he sa me co mput er. PC r unni ng Wi ndo ws 98 was used, whi ch has t he foll owi ng featur es:
600 MHz Penti u m III Processor 256 MB RAM
4. 3. 1. Soft ware i nst all ati ons
Personel We b Ser ver progr a m was i nst all ed on t he ser ver. We b ser ver s oft war e creat ed a direct or y li ke c:\i net pub\ wwwr oot\ f or fil e shari ng. A web page t hat i s st ored i n t hi s direct or y can be accessed by t he users on t he net wor k. Fi gur e 4. 1 di spl ays t he personal web manager di al og.
Fi gur e 4. 1 Personal Web Manager Di al og.
Then Ma p Obj ect s I nt ernet Map Ser ver pr ogra m was i nst all ed on t he ser ver. Inst all ati on creat es t hree execut abl e co mponent s: I MS Ad mi ni strat or, I MS Cat al og, and I MS Launch. Al so when MOI MS was i nst alled on t he ser ver, Esrima p. dll t hat ext ends t he web ser ver soft ware was regist ered i n “c:\i net pub\ wwwr oot\scri pts” direct or y t o manage request s and responses
4. 3. 2. Setti ng properti es
Aft er t he i nst all ati on of t he map ser ver pr ogr a m, host pr operti es wer e set by usi ng so me di al og boxes. When co mponent s of t he ma p ser ver pr ogra m wer e first st art ed, t hese di al og boxes appear. I MS Cat al og and I MS Launch pr operti es boxes ar e di spl ayed at Fi gure 4. 2 and Fi gure 4. 3.
Fi gur e 4. 2 I MS Cat al og Pr operti es Di al og.
Fi gur e 4. 3 I MS Launch Pr operti es Di al og.
Usi ng t hese di al og boxes, web ser ver soft war e i s sel ect ed. We b ser ver URL i s t he URL of t he co mput er where Esri map. dll was i nstall ed. Local host na me i s t he na me of t he host co mput er where I MS Cat al og was i nst all ed. Local TCP Por t set s t he TCP/ I P addr ess t hat t he co mmuni cati on port list ens t o. Ret r y defi nes t he ma xi mu m nu mber of ti mes an att empt i s made by a cli ent t o connect t o a map ser ver. Ti me- out set s t he nu mber of seconds a r equest waits. Ma xPendi ng contr ol s t he nu mber of request s t hat can be si multaneousl y waiti ng on a ma p ser ver.
I MS Ad mi n i s i nt eractivel y used t o r egi st er and unr egi st er map ser vi ces wi t h Esri map. dll and t o mai ntai n t he list of current ser vi ces i n t he I MS Cat al og. I MS Ad mi n pr operti es di al og boxes are di spl ayed at Figur e 4. 4 and Fi gure 4. 5.
Fi gure 4. 4 I MS Ad mi n We b Pr operti es Di al og.
Fi gur e 4. 5 Map Obj ect s Web Pr operti es Di al og.
Whe n web ser ver pr ogr am, cat al og, and l aunch are r unni ng, I MS Ad mi n is st art ed and t he GI S appli cati on i s ser ved by t he ad mi n. Ma p ser vi ce can be oper at ed and st opped by t he ad mi n. Map ser vi ce pr opert y setti ngs wer e done i n I MS Admi n di al og box ( Fi gure 4. 6).
Fi gure 4. 6 I MS Ad mi ni strat or. 4. 3. 3. For mi ng appli cation
The GI S appli cati on was for med usi ng Vi sual Basic devel op ment envir on ment. Fi rst a Vi sual Basi c Pr oj ect was cr eat ed, t hen Ma p Obj ect s and We bLi nk Acti ve X Cont r ol s wer e added t o the pr oj ect ( Fi gure 4. 7).
Fi gure 4. 7 Visual Basi c Component s Di al og.
These acti vex co mponent s enabl e t he syst em t o put t oget her sophi sti cat ed appli cati ons. Fi gure 4. 8 sho ws t he vi sual basi c pr oject.
Fi gure 4. 8 Visual Basi c Pr oject Displ ay.
Ma p contr ol was used as a cont ai ner f or t he map layers. Map l ayers are l ogi cal set s of t he mati c dat a descri bed and st ored i n a map li brar y. Usi ng pr operti es, met hods,
The Layers coll ecti on i ncl udes a Ma pLayer or an I mage Layer obj ect f or each l ayer defi ned f or a map. Ther e ar e t wo ways t o add Ma pLayer t o t he map control. First i s doi ng ri ght-cli ck on t he ma p cont r ol wit h t he mouse and setti ng para met ers by usi ng pr opert y pages di al og and l ayer pr operti es di al og ( Fi gure 4. 9 and Fi gure 4.10).
Fi gur e 4. 9 Pr opert y Page Dial og.
Fi gure 4. 10 Layer Pr operti es Di al og.
Second i s writi ng codes. It i s mor e s uit abl e i n such an appli cati on t o a dd all map layers by writi ng codes. So ne w map l ayers and f uncti ons wer e added t o t he pr oj ect by writi ng codes. Tabl e 4. 2 di spl ays a sa mpl e of codes t hat was writt en t o add ma p layers t o map contr ol by usi ng its met hods and properti es.
Tabl e 4. 2 A Sa mpl e of Visual Basi c Codes.
Mai n pr operti es of a map contr ol are :
Coor di nat eSyst e m, Ext ent, Full Ext ent, MousePoi nter and Visi bl e. Mai n met hods of a map contr ol are:
Dr a wShape, Export Map, Pan, Refresh and Tr ackRect angl e. Mai n event s of a map contr ol are:
Aft er Layer Dr a w, Bef oreLayer Dr a w, Mouse Do wn and Mouse Move.
To add I mage Layer t o t he map contr ol, I mage Layer obj ect s are creat ed i n Vi sual Basi c wit h code li ke t his:
“ Di m il yr as Ne w Map Obj ects2.I mageLayer”
An I mage Layer r epresents a l ayer t hat i s based on geo-referenced r ast er dat a st or ed i n an i mage fil e.
In or der t o add t ext l abels t o t he map, Label Renderer obj ect of Ma p Obj ects i s used. A Label Renderer r epresent s a way of s y mboli zi ng f eat ures by dr a wi ng t ext on a feat ure. The Fi el d pr opert y of Label Renderer obj ect i s t he na me of t he Fi el d i n t he Recor dset t hat st ores t he text val ues t o use as l abels. The Sy mbol pr opert y ret ur ns t he Text Sy mbol t hat i s used t o dr a w t he t ext. The Sy mbol Count pr opert y cont ai ns t he nu mber of sy mbol s associat ed wit h t he Label Renderer.
i nst ance, a r ect angl e obj ect represent s a geo met ric shape wi t h f our edges and f our ri ght angl es. Rect angl e obj ect s can be creat ed i n Vi sual Basi c wit h code like t hi s: “ Di m rect as Ne w MapObj ects2. Rect angl e ”
A geo met ri c obj ect can be mani pul at ed usi ng its properti es and met hods.
4. 4 Server Si de
Ser ver si de of t he appli cati on has an execut abl e file t hat execut es a pr ogr am. A dat a pat h f or m i s generat ed t o set t he pat hs t o t he direct ori es wher e dat a ar e ( Fi gur e 4. 11). Whe n t he appli cati on i s operat ed, t he pat h f or m appears, wit h t he fi el ds fill ed wi t h syst e m def ault val ues. Fi gur e 4. 12 di spl ays t he r unni ng exe fil e whi ch i s on t he ser ver si de.
Fi gur e 4. 12 Appli cati on For m on Ser ver Si de.
The updat e i nt er val for t he current eart hquakes can be set opti onall y. 4. 5 Specifi c Operati ons
On t he cli ent si de of t he appli cati on, a st andar d web br owser i s adequat e onl y t o access t he i nt eracti ve maps. Fi gure 4. 13 di spl ays the web page on t he cli ent si de.
Fi gur e 4. 13 Web Page.
The web page cont ai ns an i nt eracti ve map cont ai ner whi ch di spl ays t he ma p l ayers, a t ool bar col u mn t hat i s used f or setti ng para met ers, and a l egend col u mn t hat i s an expl anat or y t abl e of t he s y mbol s appeari ng on t he map. Users can use t he ma ps i nt eracti vel y by perf or ming conventi onal GI S f uncti ons such as zoo m, pan, i dentif y, and queri es. The l ayers t hat can be di spl ayed on t he map ar e l ocat ed on t he t ool bar col u mn. There are co mbo boxes, check boxes, and r adi o butt ons on t he page. These t ool s are used for t he user i nt eracti on.
A s pati al quer y can be done by cli cki ng a f eat ure on t he map. An hi st ori cal quer y can al so be done f or t he eart hquakes by sel ecti ng criteri as. The crit eri as ar e l ower and upper val ues f or t he year, magnit ude, and t he dept h attri but es of t he eart hquakes ( Fi gure 4. 14).
Fi gur e 4. 14 Logi cal Quer y.
The backgr ound can be sel ect ed as t opogr aphi c ma p or popul ati on densit y map by usi ng t he r ast er map dr op- do wn li st box. The cont ent of t he l egend col umn changes accor di ng t o t he sel ect ed para met ers. The r efresh butt on i s used t o confir m t he changes on t he par a met ers. The f ull ext ent butt on i s t o vi suali ze t he whol e map. A feedback opport unit y i s al so avail abl e on t he page. The t hu mbnail map mar ks t he di spl ayed zone wit h a red rect angl e ( Fi gure 4. 15).
Fi gure 4. 15 Thu mbnail Map I mage
In or der t o quer y on a l ayer, its radi o butt on and t he i dentify r adi o butt on i s acti vat ed. Then a f eat ure r el at ed t o acti ve l ayer i s cli cked on t he map. The quer y results pert ai ni ng t o t he cli cked f eat ure will be displ ayed i n a t abl e bel ow t he ma p ( Fi gure 4. 16).
Fi gure 4. 16 Quer y Results on Current Eart hquakes Layer.
Quer y r esults t abl e cont ai ns l ocati on, dat e, ti me, ma gnit ude, and dept h val ues f or an cli cked eart hquake poi nt on t he map ( Fi gure 4. 17).
Fi gur e 4. 17 Quer y Results Tabl e for Eart hquakes Layer.
The map i ndex l ayer has 1/ 25000, 1/ 50000, 1/ 100000, 1/ 250000 map partiti ons. Us ers can sel ect a partition usi ng map i ndex scale dr op- do wn li st box. Fi gur e 4. 18 sho ws anot her quer y result displ ay pert ai ni ng t o t he map i ndex l ayer.
Fi gure 4. 18 Quer y Result on Map Index Layer.
The quer y r esult t abl e cont ai ns t he 1/ 25000 map nu mber f or t he cli cked r ect angl e i n Bi l eci k pr ovi nce boundri es ( Fi gure 4. 19). Further mor e a r ed hi ghli gt mar ks t he cli cked rect angl e.
Fi gure 4. 19 Quer y Result Tabl e for Map Index Layer.
Anot her quer y can be perfor med f or t he citi es or counti es l ayers ( Fi gure 4. 20). Quer y results t abl e f or t he cl icked pol ygon on t he ma p cont ai ns na me, popul ati on, popul ati on densit y, and area val ues ( Fi gure 4. 21).
Fi gure 4. 20 Quer y Results on Counti es Layer. A r ed hi ghli gt mar ks t he cli cked pol ygon.
Fi gure 4. 21 Quer y Results Tabl e for Counti es Layer.
Pr essi ng t he Current Earthquakes Li st butt on opens a ne w HT ML page f or t he current eart hquakes ( Fi gure 4. 22). Each eart hquake record has its own hyperli nk.
Fi gure 4. 22 Li st of Current Eart hquakes.
Us ers can r ecei ve a new we b page cli cki ng t hese li nks ( Fi gure 4. 23). And t he appli cati on mar ks t he select ed eart hquake li nk on t he map.
Pr essi ng t he hel p butt on, a ne w web page i s opened. Thi s hel p page consi st s of defi niti ons for t he functions on t he page ( Fi gure 4. 24).
CONCLUSI ONS AND FUTURE EXTENSI ONS
The ai m of t he st udy i s t o co mpr ehend and t o enhance t he appli cation na med Int eracti ve Eart hquake I nf or mati on on t he I nt er net i ncl udi ng updati ng and pr ovi di ng mai nt enance of t he dat a. Thi s t hesi s was pr epared as a conti nuati on of t he exi sti ng st udy.
In t hi s st udy, a dyna mi c map br owser was f or med f or t he eart hquake i nfor mati on. Thi s met hod pr ovi des publi c users easy access t o GI S f uncti ons on t he I nter net wi t h l ow t echnol ogi cal r equire ment s. The appli cati on i s a s oft war e-i ndependent s yst e m t hat users do not have t o buy a GI S s oft war e and do not have t o r ead manual s t o use it but t hey can access GI S dat a and anal ysi s functi ons over t he I nt er net. It offers ma xi mu m f uncti onalit y wi t h t he mi ni mu m eff ort. Users can wor k wi t h t he maps i nt eracti vel y by perf or ming conventi onal GI S f uncti ons s uch as zoo m, pan, i dentify and queri es. The maps are ali ve on t he I nt er net. Thi s met hod can al so i ncorporat e up-t o- daup-t e, real-up-ti me i nf or maup-ti on. Furup-t her mor e, up-t he mosup-t i mporup-t anup-t characup-t erisup-ti c of up-t hi s st udy is t hat eart hquake inf or mati on was l ocat ed on t he geodesi c foundati on.
In t hi s t hesi s, ne w and updat ed dat a wer e pr epared and t hen wer e i nsert ed i nt o t he ser vi ce. So me changes i n t he f uncti ons wer e ma de. For hi st ori cal quer y an i nt er val choi ce was pr ovi ded. A f eedback opport unit y was al so i ncl uded i n t he ser vi ce. A hel p page was cr eat ed t o make a si mpl e pr esent ati on of t he ser vi ce. The appli cati on was for med i n English l anguage.
Thi s web page wi ll be published f or t he publ ic access on t he KOERI Geodes y De part ment We b Sit e as a map ser vi ce. A ser ver co mput er whi ch has hi gh capacit y soft ware and har dwar e i s needed f or t hi s appli cati on. Onli ne GI S i s made up of overl appi ng cat egori es and i nt er- di sci pli nar y cat egori es. Ne w dat aset s and f uncti ons wi ll be added t o t he ser vice. A Tur ki sh versi on of t he appli cati on will be f or med. For do wnl oadi ng functi on of t he spati al dat a, a l ogi n opport unit y will be pr ovi ded. Onli ne GI S cr eat es ne w opport uniti es and challenges. Thi s appli cati on ma y be a sti mul us f or many advance ment s, such as di sast er manage ment. The f ut ure of t hese
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