* Corresponding Author DOI: 10.37094/adyujsci.681018
Cladocera and Copepoda (Crustacea) Fauna of Balya District (Balıkesir/Turkey)
Süleyman ÇOLAK1, Alp ALPER2,*1Balya Atatürk Multi-Program Anatolian High School, Balya, Balıkesir, Turkey
suleymann88@gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0001-5903-7551
2Balıkesir University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Çağış Campus,
Balıkesir, Turkey
alpalper80@gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0001-5507-4072
Received: 28.01.2020 Accepted: 12.02.2020 Published: 25.06.2020
Abstract
In this study, a total of 35 stations including troughs, ponds and streams were
sampled between November 2017 and July 2018 in order to determine the Cladocera and
Copepoda (Crustacea) fauna of Balya. As a result, a total of 37 species were determined,
21 from Cladocera and 16 from Copepoda. Based on the previous studies, it has been
determined that 34 species are recorded for the first time from study area besides 13
species are also determined as new records for Balıkesir fauna.
Keywords:
Cladocera; Copepoda; Balya; Balıkesir; Fauna.
Balya İlçesinin (Balıkesir/Türkiye) Cladocera ve Copepoda (Crustacea) Faunası Öz
Bu çalışmada, Balya'nın Cladocera ve Copepoda (Crustacea) faunasını belirlemek için yalak, gölet ve akarsuların içinde olduğu toplam 35 istasyon Kasım 2017 ile Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında örneklendi. Sonuç olarak 21'i Cladocera'dan, 16'sı Copepoda'dan olmak üzere
toplam 37 tür belirlendi. Önceki çalışmalara incelendiğinde 34 türün çalışma alanından ilk kez kaydedildiği, üstelik 13 türün de Balıkesir faunası için yeni kayıt olduğu tespit edildi.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cladocera; Copepoda; Balya; Balıkesir; Fauna.
1. Introduction
Zooplankton occupies a central position in the pelagic food web, transferring carbon and energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels, and potentially suppressing the abundance of phytoplankton. Cladocerans and copepods are small crustaceans and also the most important members of freshwater zooplankton. They are colonized in any kind of freshwater aquatic body (troughs, ponds, lakes, dams, rivers, etc.) and some other wet habitats (leaf litter, sphagnum mat, caves, tree holes, etc.) [1-3].
The diversity of global freshwater cladocerans and copepods is around 620 and 2814 species respectively [4, 5]. However, the richness of actual species is estimated to be 2-4 times higher [6-8]. Compared to other zoogeographical regions, the Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of the Palearctic is quite rich; 245 cladoceran and 1204 copepod species which is more than twice the number recorded for other regions have been recorded [4, 8, 9]. Biodiversity of the Copepoda and Cladocera fauna of Turkey is over than 240 [9].
Balya district is located in the northwest of Balıkesir. In terms of surface area, it is ranked as 5th with 952 km² among the 20 districts of the province. 70% of the surface of Balya is mountainous, the rest is rugged terrain. The highest point is Akçal Hill (642 m.) located in the east. Animal husbandry is the main source of income due to the rough geography of Balya; therefore, many troughs were built for the livestock. Although suitable land is limited, agricultural activities are also carried out in the district; dams and ponds were built to provide the water needed in irrigation [10].
Although being rich in freshwater resources, Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of Balya have not been researched much so far. The only record in the literature was 3 copepod species which were given from Ilıca pond by Sönmez et al. [11]. So, 35 freshwater resources were sampled in this study in order to reveal Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of Balya.
2. Materials and Methods
The samples were collected from 35 stations (Fig. 1.) for 4 times between
November 2017 and July 2018 with a help of 60 µm mesh sized plankton net and/or hand
net. The localities of the stations are given in Table 1. Geographical data (altitude and
coordinates) were obtained by using a Magellan eXplorist 610 GPS device.
Collected
samples were immediately preserved with 70% ethanol. Cladocerans and copepods were
extracted from detritus using a Pasteur pipette under an OLYMPUS SZX-16
stereomicroscope. Extracted specimens were stored in 70% ethanol. Specimens were
prepared by using the method described by Karaytuğ and Sak [12] and were identified
under an OLYMPUS BX-50 microscope equipped with a differential interference
contrast attachment. Specimens were identified according to Błędzki and Rybak [2],
Rogers and Thorp [3], Einsle [13], Ueda and Reid [14], Wells [15], and relevant other
literature.
Figure 1: Sampling stations
Table 1: The localities of the stations Station
number Locality Type Coordinate
Altitude (m.)
1 Hacı Hüseyin Pond 39.67911˚ N 27.66990˚ E 235
2 Ali Demirci I Pond 39.70834˚ N 27.69579˚ E 269
3 Koca Avşar Pond 39.67231˚ N 27.64349˚ E 204
4 Kadıköy Stream 39.77906˚ N 27.60736˚ E 140 5 Koyuneri I Stream 39,91401˚ N 27.64855˚ E 110 6 Kayalar I Trough 39.83604˚ N 27.71619˚ E 171 7 Ilıca I Pond 39.88944˚ N 27.78119˚ E 145 8 Ilıca II Trough 39.87789˚ N 27.77909˚ E 118 9 Koyuneri II Trough 39.91472˚ N 27.64840˚ E 121
Station
number Locality Type Coordinate Altitude (m.)
10 Between Ilıca and Kayalar Stream 39.84483˚ N 27.72702˚ E 146
11 Farsak Pond 39.73061˚ N 27.36464˚ E 530 12 Ören Trough 39.85882˚ N 27.62700˚ E 270 13 Değirmendere Trough 39.90061˚ N 27.57063˚ E 177 14 Mancınık Trough 39.88962˚ N 27.53625˚ E 189 15 Dereköy I Trough 39.88034˚ N 27.50861˚ E 206 16 Dereköy II Trough 39.85821˚ N 27.50773˚ E 267
17 Kara Mustafa I Trough 39.84784˚ N 27.51548˚ E 352
18 Kara Mustafa II Trough 39.84295˚ N 27.51332˚ E 344
19 Kara Mustafa III Trough 39.83192˚ N 27.51980˚ E 432
20 Çalova Trough 39.80316˚ N 27.54534˚ E 313
21 Doğanlar Trough 39.76819˚ N 27.49594˚ E 432
22 Doğanlar-Balya Road Trough 39.76535˚ N 27.51775˚ E 316
23 Balya Trough 39.74380˚ N 27.57519˚ E 282
24 Göktepe Trough 39.69258˚ N 27.55242˚ E 391
25 Ali Demirci II Irrigation canal 39.70834˚ N 27.69579˚ E 269
26 Kayalar II Pond 39.82528˚ N 27.69250˚ E 200 27 Müstecap I Trough 39.74285˚ N 27.52187˚ E 251 28 Karlık Trough 39.82357˚ N 27.73755˚ E 214 29 Söbücealan Trough 39.81339˚ N 27.74378˚ E 245 30 Çiğdem Trough 39.71608˚ N 27.46836˚ E 350 31 Çamavşar-Çamucu Trough 39.69064˚ N 27.40945˚ E 487 32 Çarmık-Yaylacık Trough 39.73197˚ N 27.41420˚ E 466 33 Müstecap II Trough 39.74618˚ N 27.56528˚ E 303 34 Semiz-Çukurcak Trough 39.80881˚ N 27.60152˚ E 366 35 Göloba Trough 39.85377˚ N 27.57118˚ E 498 3. Results
A total of 37 species were determined, composed of 21 cladocerans and 16 copepods. Identified species and its distribution to the stations and samplings are given in Table 2.
Table 2: Identified species and its distribution to the stations and samplings Samplings
I II III IV
November February May July
Stations Cladocera
Alona quadrangularis (O.F.Müller,
1776) 4 4
Bosmina longirostris (O.F.Müller,
1776) 1, 2, 7 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 2, 4, 5, 7, 26 2, 3, 7
Ceriodaphnia pulchella Sars, 1862 5
Samplings
I II III IV
November February May July
Stations Chydorus sphaericus (O.F.Müller,
1776) 4 4, 7, 10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 33
Coronatella rectangula (Sars, 1862) 4 2, 4
Daphnia cucullata Sars, 1862 2 2, 3, 10 2, 5, 7, 29 2, 5, 6, 7, 32
Daphnia longispina (O.F.Müller, 1776) 2 2, 3, 10 4, 7
Daphnia parvula Fordyce, 1901 7 2, 3, 7, 10 2, 7
Diaphanosoma lacustris Kořinek, 1981 5 2, 5
Disparalona rostrata (Koch, 1841) 4 4, 7
Ilyocryptus agilis Kurz, 1878 4
Ilyocryptus sordidus (Liévin, 1848) 4
Leydigia leydigi (Schödler, 1863) 10
Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) 5
Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman &
Brady, 1867 21, 31
Macrothrix laticornis (Jurine, 1820) 5
Moina brachiata (Jurine, 1820) 11 2
Moina micrura Kurz, 1875 5, 29 1, 3, 7
Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820) 9, 26, 28
Simocephalus vetulus (O.F.Müller,
1776) 9, 25, 26
Copepoda
Achantocyclops robustus (Sars, 1862) 1, 3
Achantocyclops vernalis (Fischer,
1853) 12, 15
Bryocamptus pygmaeus (Sars, 1863) 18
Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine,
1820) 10, 20
Cyclops ankyrae Mann, 1940 11
Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 1, 2, 3, 7
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880) 21
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) 2, 5, 9 4
3, 9, 10, 14, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31 11, 33, 34, 35
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820) 12, 25, 27
Megacyclops latipes (Lowndes, 1927) 20, 21
Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg,
1901) 4
Nitokra hibernica (Brady, 1880) 2 2
Samplings
I II III IV
November February May July
Stations
Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) 22 6
Thermocyclops oithoinides (Sars,
1863) 7 2, 4, 5, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 32
Tropocylops prasinus (Fischer, 1860) 9 10, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30 6, 11, 33, 34
4. Discussion
Analysis of the literature was revealed that the Copepoda fauna of Balya has not
been examined sufficiently. The only record in the literature was 3 species (A. robustus,
E. serrulatus, and T. prasinus) which were given from Ilıca pond by Sönmez et al. [11].
No record was found in the literature about Cladocera fauna of Balya. So, all taxa
identified from the district except 3 copepod species reported previously are new records.
In Cladocera, C. sphaericus was the most common species followed by B. longirostris
and D. cucullata. In Copepoda, E. serrulatus was the most common species followed by
T. prasinus. It is determined that 13 species are specific to the stations where they are
identified (Table 2.).
Turkey is divided into 25 river basins that correspond with its hydrological features
by the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (GDSH -DSI in Turkish-) [16, 17].
Balıkesir is in the coverage of 3 basins; Marmara, North Aegean and Susurluk. Therefore,
many water bodies fed by different streams have spread throughout the province, but only
few of them have been studied. A total of 68 species, including 37 cladocerans and 31
copepods were recorded from various water resources (İkizcetepeler Dam Lake,
Çaygören Dam Lake, Manyas Dam Lake, Manyas Lake, Gönen Stream) of Balıkesir [11,
18-33]. It is noteworthy that Lake Manyas was studied [18-25] more intensively than
other places, 19 species were reported from the lake. A total of 13 species, 6 of the
Cladocera (Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Daphnia parvula, Diaphanosoma lacustris,
Ilyocryptus agilis, Ilyocryptus sordidus, and Macrothrix hirsuticornis) and 7 of the
Copepoda (Canthocamptus staphylinus, Cyclops ankyrae, Diacyclops bisetosus,
oithoinides) identified in our study have not been recorded previously from the province;
therefore, they are new records for Balıkesir fauna.
AcknowledgementWe would like to thank Eray ERSOY (MSc) for his help in sampling. This study was part of an MSc thesis supervised by Dr. Alp ALPER.
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