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Schematicize of batteries

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(1)

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Schematicize of batteries

Batteries  is  established  with  an  anode  and  a  cathode.  When 

schematizing, anode is write to  the left and cathode is writed to the 

right related to salt bridge (% 3 agar solution saturated with KCl) and 

these are bonded with a salt bridge.

(2)

Cu

2+  

+ Zn

o

   Cu

o  

+ Zn

2+ 

      

Anode      Cathode

(-) Zn │Zn

2+ 

 (C Zn

2+

) ‖ Cu

2+

 │Cu

2+ 

 (C Cu

2+

) (+)

  

Determination of anode and cathode if conditions are not standard      

If the conditions deviate from the standard, is calculated according to 

the potential Nernst equation, and if it is more positive then the pole 

becomes the anode and the other becomes the anode. 

(3)

It  is  desired  that  the  system  formed  by  combining  a  semi-cell  consisting  of  an aluminum electrode immersed  in a 0.01  M  Sn

2+

 

solution  with  a  semi-cell  filled  with  0.01  M  Cu

2+ 

solution  is  a  galvanic cell. What is the electromotor force for this? 

�

0 ��+2

��

= − 0.136 � �

0��+2

��

=− 0.40

 

(4)

Accumulator

It  is  used  as  an  energy  source.  The  following  reactions  occur  in  the  anode and cathode of this battery 

ANODE      Pb

(s)

 + HSO

4–

   PbSO

4(s)

 + 2e

– 

+ H

+

       CATHODE      PbO

2(s)

 + HSO

4–

  + 3H

+  

+ 2e

–   

  PbSO

4(s)

 + 2H

2

O

Pb

(s)

 + 2HSO

4–  

+  2H

+  

+  PbO

2(s)

   2PbSO

4(s)

 + 2H

2

O

When there are reactions, an electric current is

generated spontaneously and this current is used by the

device which completes the circuit.

(5)

At  the  end  of  the  reaction,  PbSO

4

    is  deposited  on  the  surface  of  the 

battery poles and no residual current flows. In this case, the vessel in 

which it flows is converted into an electrolysis vessel for dissolution of 

the accumulated PbSO

4

  and re-charging of the battery. In other words, 

external electric current is given to reverse the reactions. 

(6)

This event; a galvanic cell can be turned into an electrolysis cell by 

externally  flowing  current.  But  in  order  to  be  able  to  do  this,  it  is 

necessary  to  apply  some  more  potential  to  the  galvanic  cell  to 

produce  the  galvanic  cell.  For  this  purpose,  a  generator  is  placed 

between the wire connecting the electrodes of a galvanic cell (metal 

rods)  and  applied  to  the  electrodes  by  means  of  the  calculated 

appropriate potential generator. 

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