2002-2010 arası Türkiye'nin Ortadoğu politakası : Ortadoğu'da değişen Türkiye algısı

Tam metin

(1)T.C. SAKARYA hNøVERSøTESø SOSYAL %ø/øMLER ENSTøTh6h. 2002-2010 ARASI 7h5.ø<(¶1ø1257$'2ö8 32/ø7ø.$6,257$'2ö8¶'$'(öøù(17h5.ø<( ALGISI. <h.6(./ø6$167(=ø 0XVWDID<(7ø0. Enstit Anabilim DaOÕ Enstit Bilim DaOÕ. 8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU : UluslarDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU. 7H]'DQÕúPDQÕ3URIDr. AlaeGGLQ<$/d,1.$<$. H$=ø5$1-2011.

(2)

(3) BEYAN %XWH]LQ\D]ÕOPDVÕQGDELOLPVHODKODNNXUDOODUÕQDX\XOGX÷XQXEDúNDODUÕQÕQHVHUOHULQGHQ \DUDUODQÕOPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD ELOLPVHO QRUPODUD X\JXQ RODUDN DWÕIWD EXOXQXOGX÷XQX NXOODQÕODQ YHULOHUGH KHUKDQJL ELU WDKULIDW \DSÕOPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ WH]LQ KHUKDQJL ELU NÕVPÕQÕQ EX QLYHUVLWH YH\D EDúND ELU QLYHUVLWHGHNL EDúND ELU WH] oDOÕúPDVÕ RODUDN VXQXOPDGÕ÷Õ beyan ederim.. 0XVWDID<(7ø0 28.06.2011.

(4) g16g= ³- '|QHPL 7UNL\H¶QLQ 2UWDGR÷X 3ROLWLNDVÕ 2UWDGR÷X¶GD 'H÷LúHQ 7UNL\H $OJÕVÕ´ NRQXVX $.3 G|QHPL\OH ELUOLNWH 7UNL\H¶QLQ 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHVLQGH IDUNOÕODúDQ LPDMÕ YH DOJÕVÕQÕ DQOD\DELOPHN DoÕVÕQGDQ DUDúWÕUÕOPD\D GH÷HU ELU NRQX RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOPLúWLU dDOÕúPD VUHVLQFH GHVWHN YH NDWNÕODUÕQÕ HVLUJHPH\HQ GDQÕúPDQ hocam Prof. Dr. Alaeddin YALd,1.$<$¶\DWHúHNNUOHULPL VXQPD\ÕLVWHULP $\UÕFD EX oDOÕúPD VUHVLQFH VDEÕU YH DQOD\ÕúÕ LOH ELUOLNWH EDQD \DUGÕPFÕ RODQ DLOHPH úNUDQODUÕPÕ VXQDUÕP <LQH EX oDOÕúPDQÕQ KD]ÕUODQPDVÕ YH RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕQGD \|QOHQGLULFLROGXNODUÕYHIDUNOÕEDNÕúDoÕODUÕND]DQGÕUGÕNODUÕLoLQWPKRFDODUÕPDHQLoWHQ VD\JÕYHVHYJLOHULPLLIDGHHWPHNLVWHULP. 0XVWDID<(7ø0 28 Haziran 2011.

(5) ødø1'(.ø/(5 .,6$/70$/$5/ø67(6ø ............................................................................................... ii g=(7............................................................................................................................... iv SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... iv *ø5øù.......... .......................................................................................................................... 1 %g/h0$.3'g1hùh0/(5',ù32/ø7ø.$9(7h5.-ARAP ø/øù.ø/(5ø ................................................................................................... 8 1.1. $.3¶QLQ2UWD\DdÕNÕúÕ0HúUXL\HW$UD\ÕúÕQGD<DúDQDQ'|QúPOHU ....................... 8 1.1.1. ³6L\DVLøVODP´GDQ³6LYLOøVODP´D ...................................................................... 8 1.1.2. 0h6ø$'$.3¶QLQ%DúDUÕVÕQGD$QDGROX6HUPD\HVL¶QLQ.DWNÕVÕ ................ 18 1.1.3. $%'|QúPQ$UDFÕPÕ$PDFÕPÕ" ............................................................. 20 1.1.4. 11 (\OO2OD\ODUÕ6RQUDVÕUluslarDUDVÕAlandaNL'H÷Lúimler ve $.3«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 24 1.2. $.3'|QHPLQGH7UNL\H¶QLQ'Õú3ROLWLNDVÕ.RQVWUXNWLYLVW6|\OHP/LEHUDO$UDo 5HDOLVW$PDo ................................................................................................................ 27 1.3. $.3'|QHPLQGH7UNL\H-2UWDGR÷XøOLúNLOHUL$OJÕODUÕQ'H÷LúPHVL........................ 36 %g/h0257$'2ö8¶'$'(öøù(17h5.ø<($/*,6,)$.7g5/(5 6,1,5/$59(ø0.Æ1/$5 .................................................................... 44 2.1. 0DUW7H]NHUHVL2UWDGR÷X¶GD7UNL\H$OJÕVÕQGD7DULKL'H÷LúLP ......................... 44 2.2. $%6UHFLQLQ2UWDGR÷X¶GD'H÷LúHQ7UNL\H$OJÕVÕQD(WNLVL ................................... 50 2.3. 7UNL\H¶QLQ2UWDGR÷X¶\DøOLúNLQ<HQL9L]\RQX<XPXúDN*o .............................. 55 2.4. %|OJHøVWLNUDUÕQD<|QHOLN*HUoHNOHúWLULOHQ5ROOHU$UDEXOXFXOXNYH .ROD\ODúWÕUÕFÕOÕk. ........................................................................................................... 61 2.5. 7UNL\H¶QLQ'H÷LúHQ)LOLVWLQ3ROLWLNDVÕYHøVUDLOLOHøOLúNLOHU ..................................... 66. 6218d9(g1(5ø/(5.................................................................................................. 73 .$<1$.d$ ...................................................................................................................... 78 g=*(d0øù ..................................................................................................................... 103. i.

(6) KISALTMALAR /ø67(6ø AB. $YUXSD%LUOL÷L. ADL. : øIWLUDYH.DUDODPDLOH0FDGHOH%LUOL÷L. AKP. : AdDOHWYH.DONÕQPD3DUWLVL. AJC. : Amerikan Yahudi Komitesi. AM. : Anayasa Mahkemesi. ANAP. : Anavatan Partisi. BAE. : %LUOHúLN$UDS(PLUOLNOHUL. BM. : %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHU. BOP. : %\N2UWDGR÷X3URMHVL. CHP. : Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi. DGM. : 'HYOHW*YHQOLN0DKNHmeleri. DSP. : Demokratik Sol Parti. DYP. : 'R÷UX<RO3DUWLVL. ).g. : )LOLVWLQ.XUWXOXúgUJW. FP. : Fazilet Partisi. HSYK. : +DNLPOHU6DYFÕODU<NVHN.XUXOX. IMF. : 8OXVODUDUDVÕ3DUD)RQX. ø.g. : øVODP.RQIHUDQVÕgUJW. MGH. : 0LOOL*|Uú+DUHNHWL. MHP. : Milli\HWoL+DUHNHW3DUWLVL. MSP. : Milli Selamet Partisi. MNP. : Milli Nizam Partisi. ii.

(7) 0h6ø$'. : 0VWDNLO6DQD\LFLøúDGDPODUÕ'HUQH÷L. NATO. : .X]H\$WODQWLN$QODúPDVÕgUJW. NPT. : 1NOHHU6LODKODUÕQ<D\ÕOPDVÕQÕgQOHPH. RP. : Refah Partisi. SP. : Saadet Partisi. TBMM. : 7UNL\H%\N0LOOHW0HFOLVL. TOBB. : 7UNL\H2GDODUYH%RUVDODU%LUOL÷L. TSK. : 7UN6LODKOÕ.XYYHWOHUL. UNIFIL. : %0/EQDQ*HoLFL.XYYHWL. YD6ø.. : <NVHN']H\OL6WUDWHMLNøúELUOL÷L.RQVH\L. <g.. : <NVHNg÷UHWLP.XUXPX. iii.

(8) 6$h6RV\DO%LOLPOHU(QVWLWV <NVHN/LVDQV7H]L g]HWL 7H]LQ%DúOÕ÷Õ 2002-$UDVÕ 7UNL\H¶QLQ2UWDGR÷X3ROLWLNDVÕ2UWDGR÷X¶GD'H÷LúHQ 7UNL\H$OJÕVÕ 7H]LQ<D]DUÕ 0XVWDID<(7ø0 'DQÕúPDQ Prof. Dr. $OkHGGLQ Y$/d,1KAYA Kabul Tarihi: 28 Haziran 2011. 6D\ID6D\ÕVÕ Õ[ |QNÕVÕP

(9) (tez). $QDELOLPGDOÕ 8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU%LOLP'DOÕ 8OXVODUDUDVÕøOLúNLOHU \]\ÕOÕQEDúODUÕQGDROGX÷XPX]úXJQOHUGHDOJÕNRQXVXGHYOHWOHULQYHWRSOXPODUÕQELUELUOHULQL WDQÕPODPDVÕ ve kimliklendirmesi DoÕVÕQGDQROGXNoD|QHPOLELUROJXRODUDNNDUúÕPÕ]DoÕNPDNWDGÕU %LU GHYOHWLQ GL÷HU GHYOHWL GRVW \D GD GúPDQ RODUDN DOJÕODPDVÕQÕQ EX LNL GHYOHW DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNLOHULQ GH VH\ULQL EHOLUOHGL÷L V|\OHQHELOLU Bu ED÷ODPGD, V|] NRQXVX oDOÕúPD 7UNL\H¶QLQ 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHVLQGHGH÷LúHQ DOJÕVÕQÕ YH EX GXUXPXQ LNLOL LOLúNLOHUH \DQVÕPDVÕQÕ GH÷HUOHQGLUPH\L DPDoODPÕúWÕU %X oHUoHYHGH |]HOOLNOH VRQUDVÕ, \DQL $.3 G|QHPLQGH 7UNL\H¶QLQ 2UWDGR÷X SROLWLNDVÕLQFHOHQPLúWLU %XG|QHPLQFHOHQLUNHQ$.3G|QHPLQGH7UNL\H¶QLQE|OJHGHNLDOJÕVÕQÕQ QH úHNLOGH GH÷LúWL÷L VRUXVXQD FHYDS DUDQPD\D YH KDQJL IDNW|UOHULQ V|] NRQXVX GH÷LúLPH NDWNÕ VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕLUGHOHQPH\HoDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU%XQX\DSDUNHQ a) $.3¶QLQELUVL\DVLKDUHNHWRODUDNRUWD\DoÕNPDVÕQDNDWNÕVD÷OD\DQG|QúPOHULQFHOHQPH\H ve bu GH÷LúLPOHU LOH $.3 LNWLGDUÕQÕQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ Lo YHGÕú SROLWLNDVÕQD JHWLUPH\H oDOÕúWÕ÷Õ \HQLV|\OHPYHDQOD\ÕúGH÷HUOHQGLULOPLú, b) 'Õú SROLWLNDGD PH\GDQD JHOHQ V|\OHP YH DQOD\Õú GH÷LúLNOL÷L LOH WH]LQ WHPHO DPDFÕ olan 2UWDGR÷X¶GD IDUNOÕODúDQ 7UNL\H DOJÕVÕ DQDOL] HGLOPH\H oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU $\UÕFD VRQ G|QHPGH 7UNL\H¶QLQ E|OJHGH \NVHOHQ LPDMÕQDNDWNÕ VD÷OD\DQ IDNW|UOHULQ LUGHOHQGL÷L EX oDOÕúPDGD E|OJH ONHlerinin YH KDONODUÕQÕQ 7UNL\H¶\L DOJÕOD\ÕúÕQGDNL GH÷LúLmin daha iyi DQODúÕODELOPHVL DPDFÕ LOH7UNL\H YH 2UWDGR÷X DUDVÕQGDNL WDULKLLOLúNLOHUHGH zaman zaman GH÷LQLOPLútir. %X DPDo LOH E|OJHGHNL 7UNL\H DOJÕVÕQÕQ GH÷LúLPLni J|VWHUHQ oHúLWOL NDPXR\X \RNODPDODUÕ ED]Õ GHYOHWEDúNDQODUÕQÕQGHPHoOHULE|OJHGHNL|Qemli ED]ÕDNDGHPLV\HQOHUin YH\D]DUODUÕQ7UNL\H¶\H YH $QNDUD¶QÕQ E|OJHGHNL UROQH LOLúNLQ \RUXPODUÕ ile IDUNOÕ ONHOHUGHNL ED]Õ JD]HWHOHUGH yer alan 7UNL\HLOH LOJLOL GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU LQFHOHQPLúWLU. %XQXQ \DQÕ VÕUD, 7UNL\H ilH 2UWDGR÷X DUDVÕQGD JHoPLúYHJQP]GHNL ticaret hacimleri ile NDUúÕOÕNOÕziyaretler kRQXVXQGDELUNÕ\DVODPD\DSÕOPÕú YH E|\OHOLNOH E|OJHGH GH÷LúHQ 7UNL\H DOJÕVÕQÕQ, E|OJH ONHOHUL LOH LNLOL LOLúNLOHUH \DQVÕPDVÕ WDUWÕúÕOPÕúWÕU 6RQXo olarak, 1 Mart Tezkeresi¶nin reddedilmesi, AB ile iliúNLOHULQ JHOLúPHVL ³\XPXúDN Jo´ V|\OHPLQLQ EHQLPVHQPHVL øVUDLO LOH LOLúNLOHULQ \DSÕVÕQÕQ GH÷LúPHVL YH )LOLVWLQ NRQXVXQGD GDKD DNWLI YH E|OJH ONHOHULQH \DNÕQ ELU SROLWLND EHQLPVHQPHVL JLEL IDNW|Ulerin, $QNDUD¶QÕQ E|OJHGHNL DOJÕVÕQÕ ROXPOX ELU úHNLOGH GH÷LúWLUGL÷L V|\OHQHELOLU )DNDW oDOÕúPDGD GD YXUJXODQGÕ÷Õ]HUHV|]NRQXVXGXUXPXQNDOÕFÕROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕKHQ]EHOLUJLQGH÷LOGLU. Anahtar Kelimeler: $.3$OJÕøVUDLO2UWDGR÷X. iv.

(10) Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract of Master¶V Thesis Title of the Thesis: 7XUNH\¶V0LGGOH(DVWHUQ3ROLF\LQ-2010: TurkH\¶V&KDQJLQJ Perception in the Middle East Author: Mustafa YETIM. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alaeddin Y$/d,1.$<$. Date: 28 June 2011. Nu. Of pages: Õ[ SUHWH[W

(11) (main body). Department: International Relations. Subfield: International Relations. The FRQFHSWRI³perception´, which is quite important in the 21st century, can shape the nature of interstate relations. Perception as a friend or as an enemy can have essential repercussions on diplomatic affairs. Accordingly, this study aims to explore changing perception of Turkey in the Middle East and to analyze its role in relations between Turkey and countries in the region. In this context, TXUNH\¶V Middle East Policy, especially during the AKP government, is examined to evaluate the factors behind changing perception of Turkey. While examining this period, this thesis tries to explain KRZ 7XUNH\¶V SHrception has changed and which factors has contributed WR 7XUNH\¶V LQFUHDVLQJ image in the region. While doing this; a) This study seeks to observe key transformations that contributed the emergence of the AKP as a political party and to analyze the effect of the $.3¶VQHZXQGHUVWDQGLQJof foreign and domestic policy, b) $IWHU UHYLHZLQJ $.3¶V political background, this thesis examines changing perception of Turkey in the Middle East. In addition, to see clearly the changes concerning the perception of Turkey in regional countries and among nations, we occasionally mention historical relations between the Middle East countries and Turkey. Therefore, we try to explain the details and meanings of public opinion polls and to investigate 7XUNH\¶Vinfluence, using presidential statements, articles of academicians¶ and FROXPQLVWV¶related WR$QNDUD¶VUROHLQthe region. What is more, this thesis aims to explore principal reasons behind developing economic, cultural and political relations of Turkey with the regional countries by comparing contemporary trade volumes and reciprocal visits with previous decades. This work concludes that some factors such as the refusal of Bill of 1 March, improving relations with the EU, adoption of ³soft power´ as a foreign policy principal, changing nature of relations between Tel-Aviv and Ankara, DQG 7XUNH\¶V DFWLYH and constructive participation in regional conflicts enhance its image in the region. It is, however, uncertain ZKHWKHU 7XUNH\¶V SRVLWLYH image is durable or not.. Key Words: AKP, Perception, Israel, Middle East. v.

(12) Gø5øù VHoLPOHULQLQDUGÕQGDQWHNEDúÕQDLNWLGDUDJHOHQ$GDOHWYH.DONÕQPD3DUWLVL $.3

(13) 7UNL\H¶QLQGÕúYHLoSROLWLNDVÕQDJHWLUPLúROGX÷XGH÷LúLPOHULOHELUOLNWH\XUWGÕúÕYH\XUW LoLSHNoRNPDNDOHQLQNLWDEÕQYHWDUWÕúPDQÕQRGD÷ÕQGDROPXúWXUøVODP¶ÕQ VL\DVLROXúXP YH IDDOL\HWOHULQGH EDúDW ELU URO R\QDGÕ÷Õ 0LOOL *|Uú +DUHNHWLQLQ (MGH) G|UGQF SDUWLVL RODQ )D]LOHW 3DUWLVL¶QGHQ )3

(14) D\UÕODQ NLúLOHUFH NXUXODQ $.3 ³0XKDID]DNkU 'HPRNUDVLŃDYUDPÕQÕNXOODQDUDNPHUNH]ELUSDUWLROPD\DoDOÕúPDNWDGÕU 2002 ve 2007 ulusal, 2004 ve 2009 yerel VHoLPOHULQGHQ ELULQFL SDUWL RODUDN oÕNDQ YH bir siyasal SDUWLQLQ J|VWHUHELOHFH÷L HQGHU EDúDUÕODUÕ HOGH HGHQ $.3¶QLQ EX EDúDUÕVÕQÕQ DUNDVÕndaki QHGHQOHU oHúLWOL GHIDODUFD DQDOL] HGLOPLúWLU %DUNH\ YH dRQJDU (OLJU 009; (UR÷XOgQLúYH.H\PDQ). %D]ÕODUÕEXEDúDUÕODUÕNRDOLV\RQG|QHPLQGHPH\GDQDJHOHQHNRQRPLNNUL]OHU ve deprem felaketlerinin DUGÕQGDQ $.3¶QLQ HNRQRPLN DODQGD JHUoHNOHúWLUGL÷L L\LOHúPHOHUH ED÷ODUNHQ g]HO

(15) , ED]ÕODUÕ LVH ³øVODPFÕ´ ELU SDUWL RODUDN GHYOHW LPNkQODUÕQÕ R\ WRSODPD \|QQGH L\L NXOODQPDVÕQD ED÷ODPÕúWÕU dÕQDU ) 0XKDNNDN NL $.3¶QLQ EDúDUÕVÕ YHQDVÕORUWD\DoÕNWÕ÷Õ LOHLOJLOLWDUWÕúPDODUGHYDPHGHFHNWLU. FDNDWµG|QúP¶\D GD µGH÷LúLP¶ NDYUDPÕQÕQ ER\XWODUÕ ELOLQPHGHQ \DSÕOan analizlerin eksik kalma ihtimali YDUGÕU 7H]LQELULQFLE|OPQROXúWXUDFDNNÕVÕPGD$.3¶GH\DúDQDQEXG|QúPOHUYH EXG|QúPOHULQGÕúSROLWLNDYH2UWDGR÷X LOHLOLúNLOHUL oHúLWOLGúQFH YHND\QDNODUGDQ ID\GDODQÕODUDNDoÕNODQÕOPD\DoDOÕúÕODFDNWÕU BuraGD ELULQFL E|OPQ LON DOW EDúOÕ÷ÕQGD $.3¶QLQ \HWHULQFH DQODúÕODELOPHVL LoLQ bu VL\DVL KDUHNHWL RUWD\D oÕNDUGÕ÷Õ GúQOHQ G|UW ³G|QúP´ D\UÕQWÕOÕ ELU úHNLOGH incelenecektir. øQFHOHQHFHN G|QúPOHUGHQ birincisi, $.3¶QLQ |QGH JHOHQ NXUXFXODUÕ olan Recep TD\\LS (UGR÷DQ $EGXOODK *O YH %OHQW $UÕQo JLEL LVLPOHULQ NHQGL ILNLU GQ\DODUÕQGD JHUoHNOHúWLUGLNOHUL JHOLúPHOHUGLU øNLQFLVL 7UNL\H¶QLQ ¶OL \ÕOODUGD EDúODWPÕú ROGX÷X OLEHUDO SROLWLNDODU VRQXFX \DúDP WDU]Õ PXKDID]DNkU ve ekonomik anlamda liberal bir Anadolu burjuvazisinin, 0VWDNLO 6DQD\LFL øúDGDPODUÕ 'HUQH÷L (0h6ø$'), RUWD\DoÕNPDVÕGÕUhoQFVLVH ¶WHNL%UNVHO=LUYHVLLOH\ÕOÕQGD 7UNL\HLOH$%DUDVÕQGDP]DNHUHVUHFLQLQEDúODPDVÕ ve 7UNL\H¶nin ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal alanlarda KÕ]OÕELUUHIRUPVUHFLQHJLUPHVLdir.. 1.

(16) Sonuncusu LVH (\OO $IJDQLVWDQ 6DYDúÕ LOH EDúOD\DQ YH ,UDN 6DYDúÕ LOH VUHQ XOXVODUDUDVÕ DODQGD \DúDQDQ G|QúP ve GH÷LúLPOHUGLU %X G|QúPOHU $.3¶QLQ RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕQD NDWNÕ VD÷OD\DUDN, RQXQ 7UN siyasi ve pROLWLN KD\DWÕQD |QHPOL ELU úHNLOGH HWNL \DSPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPÕúWÕU %|\OHOLNOH $.3¶QLQ ³øVODPFÕ´ \|QQH LOLúNLQ WDUWÕúPDODrD GH÷LQLOHUHN 0LOOL *|Uú +DUHNHWL LOH EDúOD\DQ YH ³0XKDID]DNkU 'HPRNUDVLŃDYUDPÕLOHG|QúHQ$.3¶QLQNXUXFXLVLPOHULQLQVL\DVLKD\DWÕ YHJ|UúOHUL LQFHOHQHFHNWLU 6RQUDVÕQGD 7UNL\H¶QLQ ¶OÕ \ÕOODUGD EDúOD\DQ YH ¶OL \ÕOODUGD KÕ]ODQDQ GHPRNUDVL DODQÕQGD \DúDGÕ÷Õ UHIRUP VUHFL ve ekonomiN G]OHPGH J|UOHQ G|QúPOHU ve EX VUHFH etki eden XOXVODUDUDVÕ DODQGD PH\GDQD JHOHQ ROD\ODUD dH÷LQLOHFHNWLU $.3¶QLQGÕúSROLWLNDVÕQÕQLQFHOHQHFH÷LELULQFLE|OPQLNLQFLDOWEDúOÕ÷ÕQGD ise, \DúDQDQ G|QúPOHULQ oHUoHYHVLQGH $.3 G|QHPinGH 7UNL\H¶QLQ GÕú SROLWLNDVÕQGD |QH oÕNDQ IDNW|UOHr belirlenerek, EX IDNW|UOHULn 7UNL\H¶QLQ GL÷HU GHYOHWOHUOH RODQ LOLúNLOHULQH \DQVÕPDVÕ DQDOL] HGLOHFHNWLU 7UNL\H¶QLQ Lo SROLWLNDVÕQGD \DúDQDQ GH÷LúLP VUHFL LOH ELUOLNWH GÕú SROLWLNDVÕQGD da ED]Õ GH÷LúLNOLNOHU PH\GDQD JHOPHNWHGLU Bu durumun DoÕNODQPDVÕQGD LVH IDUNOÕ J|UúOHU GLOH JHWLULOPHNWHGLU 7UNL\H¶QLQ GÕú politika X\JXODPDODUÕ ED]ÕODUÕQFD ³$YUXSD PHUNH]OL´ ED]ÕODUÕQFD ³øVODPL NLPOLNOL´ YH $.3¶OL \|QHWLFLOHUince ³$QNDUD 0HUNH]OL´ RODUDN DoÕNODQmÕúWÕU %|\OHOLNOH EX NÕVÕPGD IDUNOÕ J|UúOHUGHQ JHQLú ELU WDUWÕúPD VD÷ODQDUDN, GÕú SROLWLNDQÕQ ³PHUNH]OHULQGHQ´ ]Lyade, KDQJL WHPHOOHUGH DoÕNODQGÕ÷Õ ve \HQL GÕú SROLWLNDQÕQ IÕUVDW YH OLPLWOHUL RUWD\D konulDFDNWÕU %X E|OPQ VRQ DOW EDúOÕ÷ÕQGD LVH Lo YH GÕú SROLWLNDGD \DúDQDQ G|QúP QHWLFHVLQGH 7UN-$UDS LOLúNLOHUL WDULKVHO ELU VUHo LoLQGH NÕVDFD DoÕNODQDUDN, bu ilLúNLOHULQ $.3 G|QHPLQGH QDVÕO úHNLOOHQGL÷L DoÕNODQDFDNWÕU. .XUXOXú G|QHPLQGHQ LWLEDUHQ 7UNL\H YH 2UWDGR÷XLOLúNLOHULQLQLQFHOHQGL÷LEXNÕVÕPGD7UNL\H¶QLQKDQJLSDUDPHWUHYHWHPHOOHUGH 2UWDGR÷X¶\XDOJÕODGÕ÷ÕYHDQODGÕ÷ÕDoÕNODQDFDNWÕU%XQX\DSDUNHQ $UDS toplumunun da 7UNL\HLOHLOJLOL GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHULYHJ|UúOHULQH \HU YHULOHUHN EXLOLúNLOHULQ oHUoHYHVL GDKD VD÷ODP ELU ]HPLQGH ROXúWXUXOPD\D oDOÕúÕODFDNWÕU Bu tarihsel perspektifin YHULOPHVLQGHNL WHPHO DPDo LNLQFL E|OPGH JHQLú ELU úHNLOGH LQFHOHQHFHN Rlan 7UNL\H¶QLQ2UWDGR÷XE|OJHVLQGHGH÷LúHQDOJÕVÕQÕGDKDL\LDoÕNOD\DELOPHNWLU. 2.

(17) øNLQFL E|OPGH, $.3 G|QHPL LOH ELUOLNWH Lo YH GÕú SROLWLNDVÕQGD |QHPOL GH÷LúLPOHU JHoLUHQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ, 2UWDGR÷X¶GD JHOLúWLUGL÷L EDUÕúoÕO V|\OHP YH EX V|\OHPH SDUDOHO olarak \UWW÷ GÕú SROLWLND IDDOL\HWOHUL YH $QNDUD¶QÕQ E|OJHGH GH÷LúHQ DOJÕVÕ1 E|OJH PHG\DVÕ VL\DVL OLGHUOHULQ GHPHoOHUL YH DNDGHPLV\HQOHULQ ILNLUOHUL oHUoHYHVLQGH WDUWÕúÕODFDNWÕU 6XUL\H LOH FXPKXUL\HW WDULKLQGH J|UOPHPLú ELU úHNLOGH JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ \DNÕQODúPD ³øVODP DOHPLQLQ PHVHOHOHUL |]HOOLNOH )LOLVWLQ VRUXQXQX´ VDYXQPDVÕ QHGHQL LOH ³.UDO )D\VDO øVODP D +L]PHW´ |GOQH OD\ÕN J|UOPHVL 6XXGL $UDELVWDQ .UDOÕ 2010) YH ³'DYRVWD¶NL oÕNÕúÕ´QÕQ GD |QHPOL NDWNÕVÕ LOH &11 $UDELF¶WH <ÕOÕQ $GDPÕ VHoLOPHVL &11¶V Arabic, 2011) LOH (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ ELU 7UN OLGHUL RODUDN E|OJHGHNL SRSODULWHVLQLQ |QHPOL ELU úHNLOGH DUWPDVÕ, GH÷LúHQ DOJÕQÕQ |QHPOL VLQ\DOOHUL RODUDN J|UOHELOLU $\UÕFD E|OJH\L UHIDK KDY]DVÕQD G|QúWUPH\L DPDoOD\DQ 7UNL\H |QFHOLNOH 6XUL\H /EQDQ hUGQYH/LE\DJLELE|OJHGHNL ED]ÕONHOHULOHDUDVÕQGDNLYL]HX\JXODPDODUÕQÕ NDOGÕUPÕúWÕU2 $UGÕQGDQ ,UDN 6XUL\H 0ÕVÕU hUGQ YH /EQDQ JLEL E|OJH ONHOHUL LOH DUDVÕQGD \NVHN G]H\OL VWUDWHMLN LúELUOL÷L NRQVH\OHULQL NXUDUDN RUWDN EDNDQODU NXUXOX WRSODQWÕODUÕQÕQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQL Pope, 2010a) YH E|OJHVHO VRUXQODUÕQÕQ NDUúÕOÕNOÕ LúELUOL÷LoHUoHYHVLQGHo|]OPHVLQHoDEDJ|VWHUPLúWLUøOLúNLOHULQEXúHNLOGH\R÷XQODúPDVÕ VRQG|QHPOHUGHNDUúÕOÕNOÕ ]L\DUHWOHULQND\GD GH÷HU ELURUDQGDDUWPDVÕQÕ GDEHUDEHULQGH getiUPLú YH 7UNL\H &XPKXUEDúNDQÕ %DúEDNDQÕ, 'ÕúLúOHUL %DNDQÕ YH\D GL÷HU bakanlardan ELUL KHPHQ KHPHQ D\GD ELU E|OJH ONHOHULQGHQ ELULQL ]L\DUHW HGHU ELU GXUXPDJHOPLúWLU 7UNL\H YH 2UWDGR÷X DUDVÕQGD \R÷XQODúDQ LOLúNLOHU QHWLFHVLQGH, E|OJH PHG\DVÕQGD |QH oÕkan Al-Ahram Weekly, Jordan Times, Dar-$O +D\DW JLEL ED]Õ JD]HWHOHU Halid El Sercani (Sercani, 2010), Fehmi Hoveydi (<ÕOGÕ], 2010) gibi yazarlar, Shatlyk Amanov (Amanov, 2011

(18) JLELDNDGHPLV\HQOHUYH6XUL\HOLGHUL%HúDU(O(VDG g]N|N

(19) JLEL 1. 2. =DPDQ LoHULVLQGH NDUúÕOÕNOÕ RODUDN $UDSODUÕQ 7UNL\H¶\H EDNÕúÕQÕQ ³.RUNXQo 7UN´ YH 7UNOHULQ $UDSODUD EDNÕúÕQÕQ ³+LOHNkU $UDS´ úHNOLQGH ROXúPDVÕ LNL WRSOXP DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNLOHULQ GDKD L\L ELU VHYL\H\HYDUPDVÕQGDHQJHOROGX÷XV|\OHQHELOLU%XDOJÕODUÕQ]DPDQLoHULVLQGHGH÷LúWL÷LYH7UNL\H¶QLQ $UDS WRSOXPXQGDNL LPDMÕQÕQ DUWWÕ÷Õ V|\OHQHELOLU %DNÕQÕ] 'LHWULFK -XQJ ³7XUNH\ DQG Arab World: HistoriFDO1DUUDWLYHVDQG1HZ3ROLWLFDO5HDOLWLHV´Mediterranean Politics, 2005, Vol. 10, No. 1, s. 117. %XoDOÕúPD.X]H\$IULNDYH2UWDGR÷X¶GDNLKDONKDUHNHWOHULQLQEDúODPDVÕQGDQ|QFHVLQHNDGDU VRQX

(20) JHOLúPHOHULQLHOHDOPDNWDGÕU 7H]LoHULVLQGHNRQXQXQGDKDUDKDWDQODúÕOPDVÕDPDFÕLOHEXKDON KDUHNHWOHULQHYXUJX\DSÕOPÕúWÕU. 3.

(21) liderler, 7UNL\H¶QLQ GH÷LúHQ UROQ WDUWÕúPD\D YH E|OJH DoÕGDQ JHWLULOHULQL YH ND\ÕSODUÕQÕ DQODPD\D oDOÕúPDNWDGÕUODU 7DULKVHO JHUoHNOLNOHULQ \HQLGHQ YH GDKD VD÷OÕNOÕ ELUúHNLOGHHOHDOÕQGÕ÷ÕEXWDUWÕúPDODUED]HQ7UNL\H¶QLQE|OJHONHOHULQHELUPRGHOROXS olmayacD÷ÕLOHLOJLOLRODELOLUNHQ Tunus øoLQ2011; Assay,

(22) ED]HQGH7UNL\H¶QLQ øUDQ¶Õ GHQJHOH\HELOHFHN ELU Jo YH PRGHO RODUDN J|UOS J|UOPH\HFH÷L LOe ilgili olabilmektedir (Nafaa, 2007). 7UNL\H¶QLQQHGHQEXNDGDU\R÷XQELUúHNLOGHWDUWÕúÕOGÕ÷Õ bu taUWÕúPDQÕQ QH ]DPDQGDQ LWLEDUHQ \R÷XQOXN ND]DQGÕ÷Õ YH KDQJL IDNW|UOHULQ EX WDUWÕúPDODUÕ\|QOHQGLUGL÷LQLLQFHOHGL÷LPL]EXE|OPGH7UNL\H¶QLQ\HQLUROQQVÕQÕUYH LPNkQODUÕQÕGDDQODPD\DoDOÕúPDNWD\Õ] %X E|OPQ ELULQFL DOW EDúOÕ÷ÕQGD incelenen 2003 Irak sDYDúÕ |QFHVL YH VRQUDVÕQGa 7UNL\H¶QLQ J|VWHUGL÷L WXWXP, $QNDUD¶QÕQ E|OJH ONHOHULLOH LOLúNLOHULQGH\XPXúDNJFH \|QHOPHVLni$%LOHLOLúNLOHULQL\R÷XQODúWÕUPDVÕQÕøVUDLOLOHLOLúNLOHULQGH$UDS\DQOÕVÕELU politika izlemesini YH E|OJH VRUXQODUÕQD o|]P EXOPDN DPDFÕ LOH DUDEXOXFXOXN YH NROD\ODúWÕUÕFÕOÕN UROOHULQL R\QDPD\D oDOÕúPDVÕQÕ NROD\laúWÕUPÕúWÕU. %X oHUoHYHGH 0DUW 7H]NHUHVLQLQ ED]Õ |QHPOL VRQXoODUÕ ROGX÷X V|\OHQHELOLU gQFHOLNOH $%' DVNHUOHULQLQ 7UNL\H WRSUDNODUÕQD NRQXúODQPDVÕQÕ |QJ|UHQ WH]NHUH\e TUNL\H B\N Millet Meclisi¶QLQ (TBMM) ³KD\ÕU´ GHPHVL, XOXVODUDUDVÕ PHúUXL\HWL WDUWÕúPDOÕ RODQ ,UDN¶D DVNHUL ELU PGDKDOHGH7UNL\H¶QLQ \HUDODPDPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPÕúWÕU%XWXWXP 7UNL\H¶QLQ E|OJH ONHOHULQH YH )UDQVD YH $OPDQ\D JLEL $% ONHOHULQH GDKD \DNÕQ bir tutum VHUJLOHPHVLQL EHUDEHULQGH JHWLUPLútir. %|\OHFH 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHsinGH 7UNL\H¶QLQ $%'¶GHQED÷ÕPVÕ] ELU\DNODúÕP VHUJLleyebilecH÷L GúQFHVL ROXúPXúWXU (Salem, 2008: 14). Bu nedenle NUHVHO DODQGD $%'¶\H NDUúÕ ELU GHQJH XQVXUX J|UOHQ $%¶\H \|QHOim, Irakla LOJLOL $%' LOH \DúDQÕODQ NUL]OHU QHWLFHVLQGH gQLú

(23) ¶WHQ LWLEDUHQ 7UNL\H¶GH DUWDUDN GHYDP HWPLúWLU $QNDUD¶QÕQ GÕú YH Lo SROLWLNDVÕQGD |QHPOL demokratik etkiler PH\GDQD JHWLUHQ EX\|QHOLPLNLQFLYHoQFDOWEDúOÕNWDJHQLú ELU úHNLOGH LQFHOHQGL÷L JLEL 7UNL\H¶QLQ E|OJHGH \XPXúDN Jo RODELOHFH÷L WDUWÕúPDODUÕQÕ EDúODWPÕúWÕU $%' YH $% JLEL NUHVHO JoOHU 7UNL\H¶QLQ Lo YH GÕú SROLWLNDVÕQGD J|UOPH\HEDúOD\DQEXGH÷LúLPOHULQE|OJHONHOHULQFHPHPQXQL\HWOHNDUúÕODQGÕ÷ÕQÕIDUN HWPLúWLU%XQHGHQOHEXJoOHU 7UNL\H¶QLQøVODPYHGHPRNUDVL\LX\XPODúWÕUDELOPLúELU. 4.

(24) ONH RODUDN E|OJH\H PRGHO RODELOHFH÷Lni (Fuller, 2004: 51-64) LOHUL VUPH\H EDúODPÕúODUGÕU $\QÕWDUWÕúPDODU|]HOOLNOH0ÕVÕUYH7XQXV¶WDNLGHYULPOHUGH0ÕVÕU/LGHUL+VQ0Earek ve Tunus Lideri Zeynelabidin %LQ $OL¶QLQ GH GHYULOPHVL YH 2UWDGR÷X¶GD oR÷X ONHGH KDON KDUHNHWOHULQLQ EDúODPDVÕ LOH, E|OJHGH GH \R÷XQ ELU úHNLOGH JQGHPH JHOPH\H EDúODPÕúWÕU %X WDUWÕúPDODUGD 7UNL\H¶QLQ E|OJH\H ELU HVLQ ND\QD÷Õ ROXS RODPD\DFD÷Õ soruVXQDFHYDSDUDQÕOPÕúWÕU(dHOLN). 7UNL\H¶QLQE|OJHVHOUROQQ|QHPLQLDUWÕUDQ fDNW|UOHUGHQ G|UGQFVQQ 9HKKDEL 6XXGL $UDELVWDQ \D GD ùLL øUDQ JLEL E|OJHVHO VWQON PFDGHOHVLQGH PH]KHEH GD\DOÕ ELU GÕú SROLWLND JHOLúWLUPH\L NDEXO etmemesinden ve b|OJHGHNL KHU DNW|UOH WHPDV KDOLQGH NDODUDN, EX DNW|UOHUH HúLW PHVDIHGH NDOPD\D |]HQ J|VWHUPHVLQGHQ ROGX÷X V|\OHQHELOLU +HU QH NDGDU ,UDN VHoLPOHULQGH 6XQQL-ùLL EORN RODQ øEUDKLP &DIHUL¶\L GHVWHNOH\HUHN ,UDN¶OÕ .UW &XPKXUEDúNDQÕ &HODO 7DODEDQL YH ,UDN¶OÕ ùLL %DúEDNDQ 0DOLNL¶QLQ VHoLOPHVLQH LWLUD] HWPLúROVDda WDUDIODUDUDVÕQGDNHVLQELUWDYÕUWDNÕQPDNWDQX]DNGXUPXúWXU $\GÕQWDúEDú 2010b). %X GXUXP E|OJH ONHOHUL YH\D EX ONHOHU LoLQGHNL JUXSODU DUDVÕQGDNL KHUKDQJL ELU NUL] GXUXPXQGD 7UNL\H¶QLQ WDUDIODUOD GLUHNW ELU WHPDVD JLUPHVLQL VD÷OD\DUDN E|OJHVHO LVWLNUDUÕQ \HQLGHQ VD÷ODQPDVÕQGD $QNDUD¶QÕQ DUDEXOXFX YH NROD\ODúWÕUÕFÕ RODUDN \DSÕFÕ ELU URO R\QDPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPÕúWÕU %X GH÷LúLPOHU LOH ELUOLNWH EHúLQFL DOW EDúOÕNWD YXUJXODQGÕ÷Õ JLEL E|OJHGH VHUW Jo RODUDN DOJÕODQDQ $%'-øVUDLO HNVHQLQGHQ X]DNODúDQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ øVUDLO¶L )LOLVWLQ VRUXQX QHGHQL LOH ED]Õ $UDS OLGHUOHULQLQ WHUHGGW HWWL÷L QRNWDODUGDELOHVHUWELUúHNLOGHHOHúWLUGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU)LOLVWLQ-øVUDLOYH\DøVUDLO-Arap geriliminde Arap ve kendi kDPXR\XQXQ KLVVL\DWÕQÕ GLNNDWH DODQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ øVUDLO LOH LOLúNLOHULQLQ ER]XOPDVÕQD SDUDOHO RODUDN $UDS NDPXR\XQGDNL VD\JÕQOÕ÷ÕQÕQ DUWWÕ÷Õ V|\OHQHELOLU. %|OJHGH øVUDLO¶L HQ |QHPOL WHKGLW XQVXUX RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLUHQ $UDS NDPXR\XQXQ7UNL\H¶QLQøVUDLO¶LHOHúWLUPHVLQGHQPHPQXQNDOGÕ÷ÕV|\OHQHELOLU dDOÕúPDQÕQ$PDFÕ YHgQHPL dDOÕúPDQÕQ WHPHO DPDFÕ $.3 G|QHPLQGH 2UWDGR÷X¶GD 7UNL\H¶QLQ DOJÕVÕQÕQ GH÷LúLS GH÷LúPHGL÷LQLQ YH GH÷LúWL LVH EX GH÷LúLPL VD÷OD\DQ IDNW|UOHULQ QHOHU ROGX÷XQXQ DQODúÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDNWÕU 3 .DVÕP WDULKLQGH LNWLGDUD JHOPLú YH KDOHQ LNWLGDUGD RODQ $.3¶QLQ ELU VL\DVL NLPOLN RODUDN QDVÕO RUWD\D oÕNWÕ÷ÕQÕQ YH GÕú YH Lo SROLWLND 5.

(25) DQOD\ÕúÕQÕQ belirlenmeye oDOÕúÕOGÕ÷Õ ELULQFL NÕVPÕQ NDWNÕVÕ LOH, 2UWDGR÷X¶\D LOLúNLQ 7UNL\H¶QLQ\DNODúÕPGH÷LúLNOL÷LDoÕNODQPD\DoDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU. $.3¶QLQGH÷LúLPVUHFLWHN \D GD LNL IDNW|UQ LQFHOHQGL÷L GL÷HU oDOÕúPDODUGDQ IDUNOÕ RODUDN NLúLVHO XOXVDO YH XOXVODUDUDVÕ IDNW|UOHU HOH DOÕQDUDN EX G|QúP DoÕNODQPD\D oDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU $\UÕFD 7UNL\HYH2UWDGR÷XDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNLOHULWDULKVHOSHUVSHNWLIWHGHGH÷HUOHQGLUHQoDOÕúPD, $QNDUD¶QÕQ 2UWDGR÷X¶\D YH 2UWDGR÷X ONHOHULQLQ GH 7UNL\H¶\H EDNÕúÕQÕQ QDVÕO GH÷LúWL÷LQL JHQLú ELU oHUoHYHGH DoÕNODPD\D oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU 2UWDGR÷X kamuoyunun JHoPLúWHNL 7UNL\H DOJÕVÕQÕ inceleyerek, bu FR÷UDI\DGD EHOLUOH\LFL RODQ IDNW|UOHUL vurgulayan oDOÕúPD, 7UNL\H¶QLQ JQP]GH EX IDNW|UOHUL QH kadar GLNNDWH DOGÕ÷ÕQÕ WDQÕPODPD\Õ hedeflemektedir. %|\OHOLNOH ELU VL\DVL NLPOLN RODUDN $.3¶\L YH EX VL\DVL NLPOL÷LQGH HWNLVL LOH, VRQ G|QHPGH 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHVLQGH 7UNL\H¶QLQ QHGHQ \R÷XQ ELU úHNLOGH WDUWÕúÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕ irdeleyen EX oDOÕúPD EX DODQGDNL oDOÕúPDODUÕ GH÷HUOHQGLUPH\L DPDoODPDNWDGÕU dDOÕúPDQÕQ.RQXVX %XoDOÕúPDQÕQ temel konusunu VRQG|QHPGHGÕúYHLoSROLWLNDGDHWNLOLROPD\DEDúOD\DQ $.3 \|QHWLPLQLQ, 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHVLQH \|QHOLN JHOLúWLUPH\H oDOÕúWÕ÷Õ \HQL YL]\RQ YH EDNÕú DoÕVÕQÕQ E|OJHGHNL 7UNL\H LPDMÕQÕ QDVÕO HWNLOHGL÷L ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU %X NRQXQXQ GDKD L\L DQODúÕODELOPHVL KHGHIL LOH LON NÕVÕPGD 0LOOL J|Uú KDUHNHWLQGHQ EDúOD\DUDN NXUXODQ YH 7UNL\H¶GH ³øVODPFÕ´ SDUWLOHU RODUDN J|UOHQ SDUWLOHULQ, genel ve tarihi bir oHUoHYHGHHOHDOÕQPDVÕYHEXVUHoWHQVRQUD$.3¶QLQ³mXKDID]DNkU dHPRNUDWÉLUSDUWL RODUDNRUWD\DoÕNÕúÕQÕQnedenlerinin sorgulanmasÕROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU dDOÕúPDQÕQ<|QWHPL %X oDOÕúPDQÕQ JYHQLOLU ELU ]HPLQGH RODELOPHVL YH GR÷UX VRQXoODUD XODúÕODELOPHVL LoLQ kaynak ve fiNLU oHúLWOLOL÷LQH |QHP YHUGL÷L V|\OHQHELOLU %X oDOÕúPD VUHVLQFH \|QWHP RODUDN V|\OHP DQDOL]LQLQ EHQLPVHQGL÷L V|\OHQHELOLU %X oHUoHYHGH |ncelikle 7UNL\H¶QLQ 2UWDGR÷X¶GDNL DOJÕVÕQÕQ GDKD L\L DQODúÕODELOPHVL LoLQ. ELU KD]ÕUOÕN. QLWHOL÷LQGHNL $.3¶QLQ ELU VL\DVL KDUHNHW RODUDN G|QúPQQ LQFHOHQGL÷L ELULQFL NÕVÕPGD |UQHN RODUDN VHoLOHQ V|] NRQXVX VL\DVL KDUHNHWLQ NXUXFXODUÕQÕQ JHoPLúWHNL YH JQP]GHNL. GHPHoOHUL. NDUúÕODúWÕUÕlPÕúWÕU. $\UÕFD. oDOÕúPDPÕ]. VÕQÕUODUÕQGD. XODúDELOGL÷LPL] IDUNOÕ GúQFHGHNL \DEDQFÕ YH \HUOL DNDGHPLV\HQOHULQ J|UúOHUL de LQFHOHQPLúWLU 6RQXoRODUDNSDUWLOHULQ R\RUDQODUÕYHOLGHUOHULQNDPXR\XGHVWH÷LLOHLOJLOL 6.

(26) ED]Õ VD\ÕVDO YHULOHU de NXOODQÕOarak objHNWLI ELU EDNÕú DoÕVÕ RUWD\D NR\XOPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU 7H]LQ DVÕO NRQXVX RODQ 2UWDGR÷X¶GD 7UNL\H¶QLQ DOJÕVÕQÕ GH÷LúWLUHQ IDNW|UOHULQ LQFHOHQGL÷L LNLQFL NÕVÕPGD LVH, EX IDNW|UOHULQ EHOLUOHQHELOPHVL DPDFÕ LOH 2UWDGR÷X E|OJHVLQGH \D\ÕQODQDQ YH IDUNOÕ ONH Ye fikirlere ait RODQ JD]HWH YH N|úH \D]DUODUÕQGDQ VHoLOHQOHULQ \D]ÕODUÕQGDQ ID\GDODQÕOPÕúWÕU $\UÕFD ONHPL]GH 2UWDGR÷X¶GD 7UNL\H¶QLQ NRQXPXYHLPDMÕLOH LOJLOLND\QDNODUdaQ ED]ÕODUÕQa GD EDúYXUXOPXúWXU%XQXQ\DQÕ VÕUD $UDS GQ\DVÕQÕQ ED]Õ ROD\ODUD LOLúNLQ J|UúOHULQLQ YH EDNÕú DoÕVÕQÕQ EHOLUOHQGL÷L uluslarDUDVÕ DODQGD \DSÕODQ ED]Õ NDPXR\X \RNODPDODUÕ GD LQFHOHQPLú YH 7UNL\H LOH SDUDOHOOLN ROXúWXUXS ROXúWXUPDGÕ÷Õ DQODúÕOPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕU $\UÕFD \LQH VL\DVL OLGHUOHULQ $UDS NDPXR\XQGD |QHPOL ED]Õ akademLV\HQOHU YH JD]HWHFLOHULQ 7UNL\H¶GH YH NHQGL ONHOHULQGHNL ELU NÕVÕP GHPHoOHUL LQFHOHQHUHN RUWDN V|\OHPOHU \DNDODQPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúWÕr.. 7.

(27) %g/h0$.3'g1hùh0/(5',ù32/ø7ø.$9(7h5.-ARAP ø/øù.ø/(5ø 1.1. AKP¶nin 2UWD\DdÕNÕúÕ: 1 0HúUXL\HW$UD\ÕúÕQGD<DúDQDQ'|QúPOHU ³3ROLWLFDODFWRUVVHHPWROHDUQPRUHIURPWKHLUIDLOXUHVWKDQIURPWKHLUVXFFHVVHV´ 2 (dDYGDU: 481) 1.1.1. ³6L\DVLøVODP´GDQ³6LYLOøVODP´D 6L\DVL øVODP NDYUDPÕ 19. \]\ÕOGD EDWÕOÕODúPD YH HPSHU\DOL]PH NDUúÕ 0VOPDQ ONHOHUGHROXúDQWHSNLVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU %XoHUoHYHGHGLQL V|\OHPL PHUNH]DODQ LON NLúLOHU øVODP¶ÕQ EDWÕ GH÷HUOHULQLQ VWQGH ROGX÷XQX VDYXQDQ 2VPDQOÕ HQWHOHNWHOOHULGLU %X NLúLOHU øVODP¶ÕQ PRGHUQ VRV\DO YH SROLWLN VRUXQODUD DOWHUQDWLI o|]POHU JHWLUHELOHFH÷LQL LGGLD etmekteydiler. &XPKXUL\HWLQ NXUXOPDVÕ YH GHYOHWLQ VHNOHU SROLWLNDODUD D÷ÕUOÕN YHUPHVL LOH EX SROLWLNDODUD PXKDOHIHW HGHQ GLQL NHVLPOHULQ VWQH JLGLOPLú YH GLQL NHVLPOHULn VL\DVL DODQGDNL JF NÕUÕOPÕúWÕU %X VUHoWH V|] konusu kesimlerin genelde sessiz NDOGÕ÷Õ J|]OHQVH GH ¶OL \ÕOODUGD EDúOD\DQ 7DQÕ\ÕFÕ 470) ve darbeler nedeni ile NHVLQWLOHUOH JQP]H NDGDU GHYDP HGHQ oRN SDUWLOL GHPRNUDWLN KD\DWWD IDUNOÕ ROXúXP YH ILNLUOHUOH YH ED]HQ E|OQHUHN ya da GH÷LúHUHND\QÕLGGLDODUÕGHYDPHWWLUGLNOHULV|\OHQHELOLU %X oHUoHYHGH GLQL V|\OHPL ¶OHUGHQ LWLEDUHQ VLyasi alanda benimseyen (Cizre ve dÕQDU 14), EDWÕOÕODúPD NDUúÕWÕ YH øVODPL GH÷HUOHUH GD\DOÕ GHYOHW WDVDYYXU HGHQ 0LOOL *|Uú Hareketi (MGH) (Erbakan, 1975) 7UNL\H¶GH ilk ³øVODP WHPHOOL´ hQDO 2010) VL\DVL SDUWLOHULQ NXUXOPDVÕQD ND\QDNOÕN HWPLúWLU |QFHVL G|QHPGH. 1. 2. $.3DUWLRODUDNDoÕNODQDQSDUWLQLQLVPLQGH³$.ŃDYUDPÕ³WHPL]YHEH\D]´DQODPÕQGDNXOODQÕOPDNWD \DQL SDUWL \|QHWLPL EX NDYUDP LOH ³\ROVX]OXNWDQ X]DN GXUDFD÷ÕQÕ YH WHPL] GHYOHW \|QHWLPL´ JHUoHNOHúWLUHFHNOHULQL EHOLUWPHNWH\GL %DNÕQÕ] 5 4XLQQ 0HFKDP ³)URP WKH $VKHV RI 9LUWXH D 3URPLVH RI /LJKW WKH 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI 3ROLWLFDO ,VODP LQ 7XUNH\´ Third World Quarterly, 2004, Vol. 25, No. 2, s. 349. 1999 Deprem ve 2001 ekonomik krizi nedeni ile yolsuzluk, yoksulluk ve LKPDONkUOÕNODUÕQ \R÷XQODúWÕ÷Õ 7UNL\H¶GH $.3 NXUXFXODUÕQÕQ SDUWLQLQ LVPLQL EX úHNLOGH EHOLUOHPHVL stratejik bir WHUFLKL \DQVÕWPDNWDGÕU $.3¶QLQ VHoLP EDúDUÕVÕQÕQ QHGHQOHUL LOH LOJLOL EDNÕQÕ] 6ROL g]HO ³$IWHUWKH 7VXQDPL´Journal of Democracy, 2003, Vol. 14, No. 2, s. 89-7UNL\H¶GHNLHNRQRPLN JHUoHNOLNOHULQ IDUNÕQGDRODQ$.3*HQHO%DúNDQÕ(UGR÷DQ\DSPÕúROGX÷XLONJUXSWRSODQWÕVÕQGDúXQODUÕ GLOH JHWLUL\RUGX ³«KDONÕPÕ] PDUX] NDOGÕ÷Õ DoOÕNWDQ LúVL]OLNWHQ KRUODQPDNWDQ NXUWXOPDN LoLQ EL]L WHN EDúÕPÕ]D LNWLGDU \DSWÕ |\OH\VH EL]OHUH GúHQ hDONÕPÕ]ÕQ EHNOHQWL YH WDOHSOHULQH FHYDS YHUPHNWLU´(UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ*XUXS.RQXúPDVÕ.DVÕPwww.belgenet.com. 7UNoHVL³6L\DVL$NW|UOHUEDúDUÕODUÕQGDQoRNEDúDUÕVÕ]OÕNODUÕQdan GHUVDOGÕNODUÕ V|\OHQHELOLU.´. 8.

(28) PXKDID]DNkU H\OHP YH V|\OHPOHUL EQ\HVLQGH EDUÕQGÕUDQ SDUWLOHUOH KDUHNHW HGHQ GLQL H÷LOLPOLNHVLPOHU (Yavuz, 2003: 30-34) Milli Nizam Partisi¶QLQ (MNP, 1970-1971) hem kXUXOPDVÕQD desteN YHUPLú hem de bu partinin ROXúXPXQGD |QHPOL URO DOPÕúWÕU 7DQÕ\ÕFÕ 470). Fakat 013¶GHGDKLOROPDN]HUHKHUQHNDGDUIDUNOÕSROLWLNDYH V|\OHPOHUL ROVD GD 0LOOL *|Uú MG) oL]JLVLQGH VL\DVHW UHWHQ Milli Selamet Partisi (MSP, 1972-1980), Refah Partisi (RP, 1983-1998) ve )3¶QH (1997-2001) Cumhuriyet %DúVDYFÕODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ ³WRSOXPX GLQ NXUDOODUÕQD GD\DQGÕUPD\D oDOÕúWÕNODUÕ´ LGGLDVÕ LOH $QD\DVD 0DKNHPHVL¶QdH $0

(29) NDSDWPD GDYDVÕ DoÕOPÕú YH (\OO GDUEHVL LOH NDSDWÕODQ 063GÕúÕQGDNLo parti ³OkLN FXPKXUL\HWLONHVLQHD\NÕUÕ H\OHPOHULQHGHQL\OH´ Anayasa Mahkemesi WDUDIÕQGDQNDSDWÕOPÕúWÕU 1 0LOOL *|Uú hareketini VL\DVHW VDKQHVLQH oÕNDUDQ WHRUL\L ³0LOOL *|Uú´ RODUDN IRUPOH eden ve oHYUHVLQGH ³KRFD´ RODUDN DQÕODQ NLúL Necmettin (UEDNDQ¶GÕU (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ WHRULVLQH J|UH ³DGLO ELU G]HQ´ RODFDN KLo NLPVH Do YH DoÕNWD NDOPD\DFDNWÕ 7HNLQ 2004: 53). BX KDUHNHWH ED÷OÕ RODUDN RUWD\D oÕNDQ SDUWLOHU KHU QH NDGDU ED]Õ G|QHPOHU pragmatik hareket HGHUHN VLVWHP NDUúÕWÕ V|\OHPLQL \XPXúDWVD da, temelde politik V|\OHPini din eksenli EHOLUOHPLúWLU %X J|Uú WHPHO DODUDN JQP]H NDGDU MNP, MSP, RP, FP 6DDGHW 3DUWLVL 63

(30) ROPDN ]HUH EHú WDQH SDUWL NXUXOPXúWXU g]EXGXQ 2006: 544-546; g]EXGXQ YH +DOH 34-43; Atacan, 2005: 189-191). Siyasi SDUWLOHULQODLNOLNNDUúÕWÕIDDOL\HWOHUL]HULQGHNLDQD\DVDOYHNDQXQL\DVDNODUEXSDUWLOHULQ øVODPL NDYUDP YH VHPEROOHUL DoÕNoD NXOODQPDODUÕQD L]LQ YHUPL\RUGX )DNDW +DOH YH g]EXGDQ¶D J|UH³PLOOLJ|UúLOHNDVWHGLOHQ ELUøVODPL´J|UúWYH³ EXSDUWLOHrin milli YH PDQHYL GH÷HUOHUL \FHOWPH YDDGLQL øVODPL GH÷HUOHUL \FHOWPH DQODPÕQGD DQODPDN´ JHUHNOL\GL +DOHYHg]EXGXQ 34). 2000¶OL \ÕOODra kadar PLOOL J|Uú oL]JLVLQGH (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ WDOHEHOHUL RODUDN VL\DVHW \DSDQ EDúWD %OHQW $UÕQo 5HFHS 7D\\LS (UGR÷DQ YH $EGXOODK *O ROPDN ]HUH, daha sonra PLOOL J|UúQ WDP ]ÕWWÕ ELU VL\DVL V|\OHPH VDKLS RODFDN $.3¶QLQ NXUXFX OLGHUOL÷LQL \DSDFDN ROPDVÕ, VL\DVL GúQFHOHULQGHNL G|QúP DQODPDN DoÕVÕQGDQ |QHPlidir. Bu NLúLOHU³PLOOLJ|UúJ|POH÷LQL´ oÕNDUPDGDQ |QFe ODLNOLN GHPRNUDVL EDWÕ PHGHQL\HWL YH. 1. .DSDWPD NDUDUODUÕ YH &XPKXUL\HW %DúVDYFÕODUÕQÕQ EX NRQXODUGD KD]ÕUODGÕNODUÕ LGGLDQDPHOHU LoLQ EDNÕQÕ]2OD\ODU%HOJHOHUhttp://www.belgenet.com/menu.html, (25.10.2010). 9.

(31) øVODP JLEL NRQXODUGD EX G|QHPOHUGH VLVWHP karúÕWÕ ELU V|\OHPH VDKLSWLUOHU.1 Bu durum KHU QH NDGDU SDUWL V|\OHPL LOH SDUDOHO GDYUDQPDN úHNOLQGH DoÕNODQDELOVH GH WHPHl JHUoHNOL÷L GH÷LúWLUPH\HFHNWLU. gUQH÷LQ \ÕOÕnGD *O, $%¶QL ³+ÕULVWL\DQ .XOE´ RODUDNQLWHOHUNHQSDUWLVLQLQ7UNL\HVL\DVHWLQGH³$%¶\HNDUúÕ´RODQWHNSDUWLROGX÷XLoLQ ³RQXU GX\GX÷XQX´ LIDGH HWPHNWH\GL 7DQÕ\ÕFÕ 471). (UGR÷DQ LVH \LQH ¶OÕ \ÕOODUGD ³'HPRNUDVL DPDo GH÷LO DUDoWÕU´ ³$WDWUNo ROPDGÕ÷ÕPÕ]Õ KHU ]DPDQ V|\O\RUX]´ ³+HP ODLN KHP 0VOPDQ ROXQPD]´ úHNOLQGHNL GúQFHOHULQL GLOH getirmekteydi +DOHYHg]EXGXQ 40). 'L÷HU WDUDIWDQ ¶OÕ \ÕOODUÕQ RUWDODUÕQGDQ LWLEDUHQ EX NLúLOHULQ VL\DVHW DQOD\ÕúODUÕQGD ED]ÕGH÷LúLPOHUJ|UOPH\HEDúODnPÕúWÕU53¶GHVL\DVHW\DSWÕ÷ÕVÕUDODUGD, |QFHVLQGH PLOOL J|UúQ PHúKXU VORJDQODUÕQGDQ ³LOOD GHYOHW´ VORJDQÕQÕ WHUN HGHUHN, 1994 yerel VHoLPOHULQGH ³LOOD LNWLGDU´ VORJDQÕQÕ NXOODQDUDN EDúDUÕOÕ RODQ (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ siyasi DQOD\ÕúÕQGDQ YH \NVHOLúinden 53¶QLQ SDUWL \|QHWLPL YH lideri (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ UDKDWVÕ] ROGX÷XELOLQPHNWHGLU%X oHUoHYHGH(UGR÷DQ¶ÕQVHoLPOHULQL³53¶\LNLWOH SDUWLVLQH G|QúWUHELOPHN LoLQ´ IÕUVDW RODUDN J|UG÷ YH SDUWinin meclise girmesi durumunda (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ PLOOHWYHNLOi olarak 7UNL\H %\N 0LOOHW 0HFOLVL¶QH JLUPHVL YH SDUWLQLQ G|QúPVUHFLQLEDúODWPDVÕKHVDSODQÕ\RUGX dDNÕUYHdDOPXN 56-64). (UGR÷DQ VHoLPOHULQGH PHFOLVH JLUHPHPLúWL IDNDW 53¶QLQ JHQLú KDON NHVLPOHULQH KLWDS edebilecek bir partiye G|QúPHVLYH \HUHOVHoLPOHULQGHEDúDUÕOÕELUSDUWLRODELOPHVL LoLQoDOÕúPDODUÕQDKÕ]YHUPLúWL (UGR÷DQ EXGúnceden hareketle toplumun KHUNHVLPLQHXODúPD\DoDOÕúPÕú, kahvelere, meyhanelere ve hatta genelevlere dDNÕU YH dDOPXN 66-68) dahi girerek oy LVWHPLúWLU1LKD\HWLQGH(UGR÷DQL]OHPLúROGX÷XVL\DVHWLQEDúDUÕVÕQÕ0DUW<HUHO 6HoLPOHULQGHøVWDQEXO%HOHGL\H%DúNDQÕVHoLOHUHNNDQÕWODPÕúWÕU *PúoYH6HUW 962). 7P EX oDOÕúPDODU (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ SDUWL LoLQGH YH KDON QH]GLQGH SRSOHUOL÷LQL DUWÕUPÕúWÕU7HPPX]WDULKLQGHøVWDQEXO¶GD\DSÕODQELUDQNHWWH(UGR÷DQ\]GH LOH R G|QHP &XPKXUEDúNDQÕ RODQ 6OH\PDQ 'HPLUHO

(32) YH Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP

(33) OLGHUL %DúEDNDQ %OHQW (FHYLW¶L

(34) JHULGH EÕUDNDUDN, KDON WDUDIÕQGDQ 1. $.3NXUXOGX÷XDQGDQLWLEDUHQEDWÕ\DQOÕVÕELUSURILOoL]PLúYH$YUXSD%LUOL÷L AB) hedefini yakalama NRQXVXQGD 7UNL\H¶GH |QHPOL UHIRUPODU JHUoHNOHúWLUPLúWLU $\UÕFD øVODPL V|\OHPLQL GH ELU WDUDID EÕUDNDUDN GDKD SUDJPDWLVW ELU SROLWLND L]OHPLú YH VLVWHP NDUúÕWÕ SROLWLNDODUD EDúYXUPDPÕúWÕU %X oHUoHYHGHGHPRNUDVLLQVDQKDNODUÕYH|]JUONOHUNRQXVXQGD|QHPOLDGÕPODUDWPÕúWÕU. 10.

(35) 7UNL\H¶QLQ HQ L\L SROLWLNDFÕVÕ RODUDN J|UOPHNWH\GL +HSHU YH 7RNWDú, 2003: 2). (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ EX G|QHPGH ROJXQODúPD\D YH (UEDNDQ¶GDQ IDUNOÕODúPD\D EDúOD\DQ \HQL VL\DVL J|UúQH GHVWHN EXOPDN DPDFÕ LOH $YUXSD YH $%'¶\H ]L\DUHWOHU G]HQOH\HUHN EXUDGDGLSORPDWODUDKNPHW\HWNLOLOHULQHYHE|OJHLOHLOJLOHQHQGL÷HUNLúLOHUHJ|UúOHUL KDNNÕQGDELOJLOHUYHUGL÷LELOLQPHNWHGLU 7XUXQo 81). 'D÷Õ¶\D J|UH ³øVWDQEXO¶GDNL WHFUEHOHUL (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ SUDJPDWLN´ YH ³KL]PHW RGDNOÕ ELU siyaVHWoL´ ROPDVÕQD KÕ] ND]DQGÕUPÕú YH RQXQ ³VL\DVHWL LGHRORMLN \|QHOLPOL ELU øVODPL WRSOXOXNNXUPD\DGH÷LOLQVDQODUÕQJQGHOLNVRUXQODUÕQÕo|]PH\HG|QNELUDUDoRODUDN´ J|UPHVLQL VD÷ODPÕúWÕU 'D÷Õ

(36) %X VÕUDGD (UGR÷DQ $UDOÕN WDULKLQGH 6LLUW¶WH RNXGX÷X úLLU 1 sebebi LOH 1LVDQ \ÕOÕQGD 'L\DUEDNÕU 'HYOHW *YHQOLN 0DKNHPHVL '*0

(37) WDUDIÕQGDQ ³WRSOXPVDO KX]XUVX]OX÷D \RO DoWÕ÷Õ YH GLQL QHIUHWL N|UNOHGL÷L´ JHUHNoHVLLOH EHOHGL\H EDúNDQOÕ÷ÕJ|UHYLQGHQDOÕQPÕúYHEX úLLUQHGHQLLOH (UGR÷DQ¶D |PU ER\X VL\DVHW \DVD÷Õ JHWLULOPLúWLU <HúLODGD 68). \ÕOÕQGDQ LWLEDUHQ |QHPOL GH÷LúLPOHU JHoLUHQ 0*+ YH 53 ise, ArDOÕN VHoLPOHULQGH \]GH 21.4 oy alarak meclise HQ JoOSDUWL RODUDN JLUPH\LEDúDUPÕúWÕU%XGH÷LúLP VUHFLQLQ partinin iktidara gelmesi iOH GHYDPHWWL÷L EHOLUWLOHELOLU28 Temmuz 1996¶GD'R÷UX<RO Partisi (DYP)-53KNPHWLQLQNXUXOPDVÕVRQUDVÕQGDLONNH]³PLOOL J|Uú´JHOHQH÷LQGHQ bir lider 7UNL\H&XPKXUL\HWL¶QGH%DúEDNDQOÕNNROWX÷XQDRWXUPDNWD\GÕ (Toprak, 2005: 175). %XGXUXPEDúWD RUGXROPDN]HUHLúGQ\DVÕ\DUJÕVLYLOWRSOXP|UJWOHUL ve medyaQÕQ E\N ELUNÕVPÕ WDUDIÕQGDn HQGLúHLOHNDUúÕODQPÕúWÕU. %XGXUXPXQIDUNÕQGDRODQ(UEDNDQ, %DúEDNDQOÕNJ|UHYLQLDOGÕNWDQVRQUD³DGLOG]HQŃDYUDPÕQÕVH\UHNNXOODQPD\DoDOÕúPÕú YHSDUWLVLQLQ.HPDOL]P¶HVDGÕNROGX÷XQXEHOLUWHUHNPRGHUQELU LPDMoL]PH\HoDOÕúPÕúWÕU 7DQÕ\ÕFÕ

(38) 'L÷HU WDUDIWDQ (UEDNDQ SDUWL LoLQGHNL ³úDKLQ´ NDQDGÕ GLQOHPH\H YH EX oHUoHYHGH GÕú YH Lo SROLWLND ROXúWXUPD\D <DYX]

(39) EDúODGÕ÷ÕQGD NDPXR\XQGDNL HQGLúHOHU WHNUDU RUWD\D oÕNPÕúWÕU %DúEDNDQOÕ÷D WDULNat liderlerini iftar LoLQ davet etmesi LON \XUWGÕúÕ JH]LOHULQL /LE\D¶QÕQ GD EXOXQGX÷X øVODP hONHOHULQH G]HQOHPHVL YHEXE|OJHLOH\DNÕQLOLúNLNXUPD\DoDOÕúPDVÕ <ÕOPD] 401) medya, 1. (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ D\ PDKNPL\HWLQH øVWDQEXO %HOHGL\H %DúNDQOÕ÷Õ J|UHYLQGHQ ROPDVÕQD YH ELU GDKD VHoLPOHUH NDWÕODPD\DFD÷Õ NDUDUÕQa QHGHQ RODQ =L\D *|NDOS¶H DLW úLLU úX úHNLOGHGLU ³&DPLOHU NÕúODODUÕPÕ] NXEEHOHU PL÷IHULPL] PLQDUHOHU VQJP] YH LQDQDnODU DVNHULPL]´ 0 +DNDQ <DYX], Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009, s. 67.. 11.

(40) \DUJÕ VLYLO WRSOXP |UJWOHUL Lú GQ\DVÕ YH RUGXGDQ ROXúDQ EOR÷XQ SDUWL SROLWLNDODUÕQD NDUúÕ HOHúWLULOHULQL \NVHOWPHVLQH \RO DoPÕúWÕU (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ %DúEDNDQOÕ÷ÕQGDQ UDKDWVÕ] RODQ VDGHFH LoWHNL VHNler YH XOXVDOFÕ gUXSODU GH÷LOGL $%' YH EDWÕ da bu durumdan HQGLúHOHQPHNWH\GL Fakat ED]Õ NHVLPOHU (UEDNDQ KNPHWLQLQ LNWLGDU ROPDVÕ LOH ³HKOLOHúHELOHFH÷LQL´ GúQGNOHULQGHQ KNPHWLQ iktidardaki uygulamaODUÕQÕ J|UPHN istemekteydi. Buna UD÷PHQ $%'¶GH (UEDNDQKNPHWLQH \|QHOLN ED]ÕHQGLúHOHU GLOH JHWLULOPLúWLU $%'¶li ELU VW G]H\ GLSORPDW (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ 7UNL\H¶GH EDúEDNDQ ROPDVÕQÕ ³UDGLNDO ]HQFL 0VOPDQ OLGHU )DUUDNKDQ¶ÕQ $%'¶GH %H\D] 6DUD\¶D NXUXOPDVÕńa gNH 119) EHQ]HWPLúWLU. %X HQGLúHOHULQ IDUNÕQGD RODQ (UEDNDQ, %DWÕ GQ\DVÕQGD RUWD\D oÕNDQ ND\JÕODUÕ JLGHUPHNDPDFÕLOH ED]ÕDGÕPODUDWPÕúWÕU 53¶OL'HYOHW %DNDQÕ $EGXOODK*O, $%' YH EDWÕ LOH GL\DORJ NXUPDN DPDFÕ LOH :DVKLQJWRQ¶D |QHPOL ELU ziyaret G]HQOHPLúWLU $\UÕFD PXKDOHIHWWH\NHQ NDUúÕ oÕNÕODQ dHNLo *o 1Q VUHVL, Temmuz 1996 tarihinde D\ X]DWÕOPÕúWÕU )DNDW GL÷HU WDUDIWDQ øUDQ LOH LOLúNLOHULQ JHOLúWLULOPH\H oDOÕúÕOPDVÕ YH EX ONH LOH PLO\DU GRODUOÕN GR÷DO JD] DQODúPDVÕQÕQ LP]DODQPDVÕ YH (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ /LE\D LOH LOLúNLOHUL JHOLúWLUPH DU]XVX, 'D÷Õ 100-104) $%'¶nin ErbakDQKNPHWLQLHOHúWLUPHVLQH\RODoPÕúWÕU. øoYHGÕúVL\DVLRUWDPGD\DúDQDQJHOLúPHOHULQGHHWNLVLLOH53YH(UEDNDQ+NPHWL28 ùXEDW¶GH\DSÕODQ 0LOOL*YHQOLN .XUXOX (MGK

(41) WRSODQWÕVÕQGDRUGXWDUDIÕQGDQ sert HOHúWLULOHUH PDUX] NDOPÕúWÕU. Bu WRSODQWÕGD VHoPHQL LOH X]DNODúPD LKWLPDOLQH UD÷PHQ Erbakan oUGXWDUDIÕQGDQ\DSÕODQEDVNÕODUD direnmeyerek, LUWLFDLOHPFDGHOHNDSVDPÕQGD GLQLRNXOODUÕQYHNÕ\DIHWOHULQVÕQÕUODQGÕUÕOPDVÕQÕGDLoHUHQ0*.¶FDDOÕQDQkararlara imza atPÕúWÕU (Mecham, 2004: 344). 'L÷HU WDUDIWDQ EX NDUDUODUÕQ LP]DODQPDVÕ QH (UEDNDQ KNPHWLQLQQHGH53¶QLQVL\DVLDODQGDNDOPDVÕQÕVD÷ODPÕúWÕUOrdu, medya, sendikalar YH VLYLO WRSOXP |UJWOHULQGHQ JHOHQ \R÷XQ EDVNÕODU VRQXFX KNPHWH JHOGLNWHQ D\ sonra, Haziran 1997 tarihinde Erbakan %DúEDNDQOÕN J|UHYLQL'<3OLGHUL7DQVX dLOOHUH EÕUDNÕUNHQ 16 Ocak 1998 tarihinde ise, RP irtLFDL IDDOL\HWOHULQ RGD÷Õ ROGX÷X JHUHNoHVL 1. Temmuz 1991 WDULKLQGH NXUXODQ YH 7UNL\H¶GH D\GD ELU X]DWÕOPDVÕ QHGHQL LOH oRN ID]OD VL\DVL WDUWÕúPDODUD \RO DoDQ dHNLo *o, %LULQFL .|UIH] 6DYDúÕ VÕUDVÕQGD Kuzey Irak WDQ 7UNL\H \H LOWLFD etmek isteyen POWHFLOHUH NRUXPD NDONDQÕ ROXúWXUPD\Õ DPDoOD\DQ Amerikan, øQJLOL] ve )UDQVÕ] ELUOLNOHULQGHQ ROXúDQ NXYYHWLQ DGÕGÕU %X LVLP YH LúOHY GDKD VRQUD GH÷LúPLúWLU 'HWD\OÕ ELOJL LoLQ bakÕQÕ] %DVNÕQ2UDQ³.DONÕN+RUR]´dHNLo*oYH.UW'HYOHWL øVWDQEXO%LOJL<D\ÕQHYL. 12.

(42) ile Anayasa Mahkemesi taraIÕQGDQNDSDWÕOPÕúWÕU'DKDVÕ $nayasa Mahkemesi bu karar ile, Erbakan ve GL÷HU DOWÕ LOHUL JHOHQ 53 \HVLQH EHú \ÕOOÕN VL\DVHW \DVD÷Õ JHWLUPLúWLU +DOHYHg]EXGXQ 33). ùXEDW VUHFinde1 \DúDQDQODU ve HOHúWLUGLNOHUL $% VUHFLnin NHQGL VL\DVL \DúDPODUÕ LoLQ |QHPLQLn SDUWL \|QHWLFLOHULQFH IDUN HGLOPHVLQLQ HWNLVLLOH 7DQÕ\ÕFÕ 478), 17 $UDOÕN 997 kurulan FP, parti SURJUDPÕ YH siyasi V|\OHPLQGH |QHPOL bazÕ GH÷LúLPOHU 2 yapPÕúWÕU. %XQDUD÷PHQSDUWLQLQGLQLV|\OHPGHVL\DVHWUHWPH\Hdevam (Esayan, 2010) etmesi ve |]JUON, demokrasi ve LQVDQ KDNODUÕ gibi konulara, PXKDID]DNkU kesimin VRUXQODUÕQÕ o|]PHN DPDFÕ LOH \DNODúWÕ÷Õ úHNOLQGH kamuoyunda ROXúDQ LQDQo,. parti. \|QHWLFLOHULQLQ partL LoLQGHki muhaliflerce ve parti GÕúÕQGDki kesimlerce HOHúWLULOPHVLQH \RODoPÕúWÕU $\UÕFD(UEDNDQ¶ÕQ)3¶\L RWRULWHUELUúHNLOGH\|QHWPHVL (Yavuz, 2009: 75) neticesinde PLOOL J|Uú LoHULVLQGH JHoPLúWH YDU RODQ D\UÕOÕN iyice EHOLUJLQOHúPLú ve µ\HQLOLNoL¶RODUDNWDQÕPODQDQ grup pDUWLLoLQGHNHQGLQLJ|VWHUPH\HEDúODPÕúWÕU. 3DUWLLoL muhalefet, ùXEDWVUHFLQLQYHSDUWLOHULQLQVUHNOLELUúHNLOGH NDSDWÕOPDVÕQÕQGD etkisi ile (Atacan, 2005: 196) DUWÕN )3¶QLQ 53 JLEL EDWÕ YH VLVWHP NDUúÕWÕ ROPDPDVÕ ve demokrasi\H VDKLS oÕNDUDN øVODP¶Õ VL\DVHW DUHQDVÕQÕQ GÕúÕQD oÕNDUPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQH LQDQPDNWD\GÕ. %XED÷ODPGD0D\ÕV¶GHJHUoHNOHúHQ FP kongresindH$EGXOODK*OEXSDUWLLoLQGH µ\HQLOLNoL¶JUXSRODUDNELOLQHQPXKDOHIHWOLGHUOL÷LQLVWOHQPLú ve )3*HQHO%DúNDQOÕ÷ÕQD aday olPXúWXU %X NRQJUH |QFHVLQGH ùXEDW WDULKLQGH, ³ùHULDWoÕODU 0DUMLQDOGLU´ 1. 2. ùXEDWWDULKL7UNL\HGÕúYHLopROLWLNDVÕaoÕVÕQGDQ|QHPOLELUWDULKWLUùXEDWVUHFLDVOÕQGD (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ7HPPX]¶GD%DúEDNDQOÕNNROWX÷XQDRWXUPDVÕLOHEDúODPÕúWÕU2UGX, (UEDNDQ¶ÕQLo YH GÕú SROLWLNDGDNL IDDOL\HWOHULQGHQ UDKDWVÕ]OÕN GX\PDNWD\GÕ (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ WDUWÕúPDOÕ øVODP ONHOHUL ]L\DUHWOHUL7DNVLP¶HFDPL\DSWÕUPDD]PLYHWDULNDW|QGHUOHULQH%DúEDNDQOÕNNRQXWXQGDLIWDUYHUPHVL, 7UN 6LODKOÕ .XYYHWOHUL¶QL VRQ GHUHFH ND\JÕODQGÕUPÕúWÕU %X QHGHQOH ùXEDW¶WDNL 0LOOL *YHQOLN .XUXOXWRSODQWÕVÕQGD7UN6LODKOÕ.XYYHWOHULX\JXODPDVÕDPDFÕLOH+NPHWH, PDGGHGHQROXúDQELU LUWLFDLOHPFDGHOHSURJUDPÕ YHUPLúWLU øUWLFDQÕQELULQFLOWHKGLWXQVXUXRODUDNHOHDOÕQGÕ÷ÕEXSURJUDP, VHNL] \ÕOOÕN NHVLQWLVL] H÷LWLP WDULNDWOHUOH ED÷ODQWÕOÕ \XUW YH RNXOODUÕQ GHQHWLP DOWÕQD DOÕQPDVÕ LUWLFD IDDOL\HWOHUL QHGHQL LOH RUGXGDQ LOLúNLVL NHVLOHQ NLúLOHULQ GL÷HU GHYOHW NXUXPODUÕQGD oDOÕúPDVÕQD IÕUVDW verLOPHPHVL JLEL NRQXODUÕ NDSVDPDNWD\GÕ %X úHNLOGH EDúOD\DQ VUHo 7UNL\H¶GH EHOOL ELU G|QHP RUGXQXQ Lo YH GÕú SROLWLNDGD |QHPOL RUDQGD HWNLOL ROPDVÕQD \RO DoPÕúWÕU 'HWD\OÕ ELOJL LoLQ EDNÕQÕ] gNH³'HUYLúYH.RPXWDQV-286. )3 EX G|QHPGH GDKD PRGHUQ ELU SDUWL SURJUDPÕ KD]ÕUODPÕúWÕU %X SURJUDPGD 3D]DU JoOHULQL YH |]HOOHúWLUPH\L VDYXQDQ )3 D\UÕFD ELUH\VHO KDNODUD YXUJX \DSDUDN $% \DQOÕVÕ ELU WXWXP WDNÕQPÕú YH øVODPL GH÷HUOHUH GLUHN ELU YXUJX \DSPDPÕúWÕU %DNÕQÕ] Hakan Yavuz, Islamic Political Identity in Turkey, New York, Oxford University Press, 2003, ss. 248-250.. 13.

(43) GL\HUHN JQP]Q ³HQ L\L VLVWHPLQin GHPRNUDVL ROGX÷XQX´ belirten ve bir siyasi hareketin ³JYHQLOLU úHIIDI YH DoÕN´ ROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQL LIDGH HGHQ *O EX úHNLOGH ³WRSOXPXQ JYHQLQLQ´ ND]DQÕODFD÷ÕQÕ YXUJXODPÕúWÕU (dDNÕU2000). ³<HQLOLNoLŃDQDGÕQ GL÷HU |QHPOL ILJUOHULQGHQ (UGR÷DQ LVH ùXEDW WDULKLQGH, ³GHPRNUDVL\L LoVHOOHúWLUGL÷LQL´ EHOLUWHUHN,. ³sL\DVHW VDKDVÕQGD GLQL KD\DWD LOLúNLQ WDOHSOHUL´. dillendirmenin bDúND, ³GLQLQ NDYUDPODUÕQÕ NXOODQDUDN D\UÕPFÕOÕ÷Õ WDKULN HWPHN YH\D NXWXSODúPD\D \RO DoPDQÕQ´ LVH EDúND YH NDEXO HGLOHPH] ELU úH\ ROGX÷XQD GLNNDW oHNPLúWLU (Can, 2000). )3¶QLQ GL÷HU |QHPOL ILJUOHULQGHQ $UÕQo LVH, bir siyasi partinin sadece dini politikalarD RGDNODQPDVÕQD NDUúÕ oÕNDUDN SDUWL LoHULVLQGH NDGÕQODUÕQ daha HWNLQ ROPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDN DPDFÕ LOH GDKD ID]OD GHPRNUDWLNOHúPHQLQ JHUHNWL÷LQL ileri VUPHNWH\GL <DYX] 72). (UEDNDQ¶ÕQ SDUWL\L RWRULWHU ELU úHNLOGH\|QHWPHLVWH÷LSartinin X\JXOD\DFD÷ÕSolitikalar YH VDKLS RODFD÷Õ ideoloji NRQXVXQGDNL EX D\UÕOÕNODU 17 0D\ÕV WDULKLQGH JHUoHNOHúen kongrede 0*+¶Qi ilk defa LNL\H E|OPúWU Bu kongre de µ\HQLOLNoLOHULQ¶ OLGHUL $EGXOODK *O, delegelerden R\ DODUDN R\ DODQ YH (UEDNDQ WDUDIÕQGDQ deVWHNOHQHQ.XWDQNDUúÕVÕQGD\HQLOPLútir (Yavuz, 2009: 75-76). Fakat EXVUHobu kesim WDUDIÕQGDQ\HQLELUSDUWLQLQROXúXPXQXKÕ]ODQGÕUPÕúWÕU $\UÕFDX]XQVUHGLU\DúDQDQ V|] konusu JHOLúPHOHU, ³\HQLOLNoL´Jruba VL\DVLGúQFHOHULQGHJHoLUGLNOHULG|QúPSratik KD\DWDDNWDUPDNLoLQIÕUVDWVD÷ODPÕúWÕU 1LKD\HW)3¶QLQ+D]LUDQ¶GHNDSDWÕOPDVÕ LOH 0LOOL *|Uú oL]JLVLQGHQ NRSDQ YH OLGHUOL÷LQL %OHQW $UÕQo $EGXOODK *O 5HFHS 7D\\LS (UGR÷DQ YH $EGOODWLI ùHQHU¶LQ \DSPÕú ROGX÷X ³\HQLOLNoL´ gurup, $÷XVWRs 2001 tarihinde AKP1¶\LNXUDUNHQ³JHOHQHNoL´ JXUXS(UEDNDQ¶ÕQWDOLPDWÕLOH20 Temmuz 2001 tarihinde 6DDGHW3DUWLVL¶QL NXUPXúWXU%|\OHFHKDUHNHWLoLQGHNLE|OQPHNRSPD\D YHVL\DVLD\UÕúPD\DG|QúPúWU(+DOHYHg]EXGXQ 55-56). ³øVODPFÕ´ úHNOLQGHNL WDQÕPODPDODUÕ UHGGHGHQ YH ³PLOOL J|Uú J|POH÷LQL´ oÕNDUWWÕ÷ÕQÕ (<NVHOLU 2010) iddia eden AKP \|QHWLPL, \HQL G|QHPGHNL DQOD\Õú YH SROLWLNDODUÕQÕ LIDGH HGHFH÷L NDYUDPÕ, µPXKDID]DNkU GHPRNUDVL´ RODUDN EHOLUOHPLúWLU 8]ODúÕ DUD\DFD÷ÕQÕGHPRNUDWLNELUSDUWL |UJWQHYHWDNÕPoDOÕúPDVÕQDVDKLSRODFD÷ÕQÕEHOLUWHQ. 1. \HGHQ ROXúDQ $.3¶QLQ NXUXFXODU NXrulunun ¶ NDGÕQODUGDQ ROXúPDNWD\GÕ (UGR÷DQ¶ÕQ GD \HU DOGÕ÷Õ 3DUWLQLQ WHPHO RUJDQÕ RODQ EX NXUXO &XPKXUL\HW %DúVDYFÕVÕQÕQ LWLUD]ÕQD UD÷PHQ (UGR÷DQ¶Õ LWWLIDNODSDUWLOLGHUOL÷LQHVHoWL.. 14.

(44) &L]UH YH dÕQDU

(45) \HQL ROXúXPXQ AB NDUúÕWÕ GHYOHWoL YH LoH NDSDQÕN ve din HNVHQOL LGHRORMLN 'R÷DQ

(46) SROLWLND UHWHQ VLVWHP NDUúÕWÕ 0LOOL *|Uú oL]JLVL LOH IDUNOÕ V|\OHPOHUL ROGX÷X EHOirtilebilir.. (UGR÷DQ ³PXKDID]DNkU GHPRNUDVL´ NDYUDPÕ. $NGR÷DQ

(47) LOH³PRGHUQLOHJHOHQH÷LQ´, ³evrensel ile yerelin´ ve ³PDQWÕNVDOOÕNLOH PRUDO GH÷HULQ´ ELUOLNWH YH X\XP LoLQGH RODELOHFH÷Lni (International, 2004: 6) iddia HWPLúWLU <DúDQÕODQ SROLWLN |÷UHQPH VUHFL neticesinde, VL\DVHWWHNL |QFHOLNOHULQLQ GLQL VRUXQODUÕ GH÷LO, WRSOXPXQ \DúDGÕ÷Õ HNRQRPLN YH VRV\DO VRUXQODUÕ o|]PHN ROGX÷XQX 7XUXQo 2007: 87) belirten $.3¶QLQNXUFXNDGURVX7UNL\H¶QLQúDUWODUÕQÕYHXOXVODUDUDVÕRUWDPÕ reaOLVW ELU úHNLOGH GH÷HUOHQGLUPLúWLU %|\OHOLNOH, LoHULGHNL JUXSODUD YH GÕú GQ\D\D PXKDID]DNkU GHPRNUDVL 1 NDYUDPÕQÕ ³LFDW´ ederek 'D÷Õ

(48) |QHPOL PHVDMODU YHUPLúWLU. øON |QHPOL PHVDM 7UNL\H¶GHNL VHNOHU JUXSODUD ROPXúWXU %X NHVLPOHULQ laiklikle ilgili hassasiyetlerinin2 IDUNÕQGD RODQ $.3 \|QHWLPL SDUWL\H LOLúNLQ HQGLúHOHUL JLGHUPHN DPDFÕ LOH SDUWL LGHRORMLVL RODUDN %DWÕ GQ\DVÕQGDNL ³+ÕULVWL\DQ 'HPRNUDW´ |UQH÷LQH UD÷PHQ øVODPL ELU NLPOL÷L oD÷UÕúWÕUDELOHFHN ³0VOPDQ´ V|]F÷ yerine ³PXKDID]DNkU´ NDYUDPÕQÕ WHUFLK HWPLúWLU (Yavuz, 2009: 87). $\UÕFD AKP SURJUDPÕ laiklik, demokrasi ve dinL V|\OHP3 NRQXVXQGD VLVWHP NDUúÕWÕ V|\OHPL WHUN HGHUHN EX gUXSODULOHX]ODúPDFÕYHGL\DORJD|QHPYHUHQELUWXWXPEHQLPVHPLúWLU $.33URJUDPÕ, 2002). $.3 \|QHWLPL KHP SROLWLNDODUÕQGD KHP V|\OHPLQGH OLEHUDO HNRQRPL GHPRNUDVL ODLNOLNLQVDQKDNODUÕYH|]JUONOHUHYHUGL÷L|QHPLJ|VWHUHUHN $.3SURJUDPÕ, 2002: 11. 2. 3. ³Muhafazakar demokrasi´ NDYUDPÕLOHELUOLNWHEXNDYUDPÕQ2UWDGR÷X¶GDNLøVODPSDUWLOHULQHQHkadar X\JXQ ROGX÷X *UDKLP 79- dDYGDU 477-497) YH D\UÕFD EX NDYUDPÕQ ³+ÕULVWL\DQ 'HPRNUDW´ NDYUDPÕ LOH SDUDOHOOLNOHUL YH IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQ +DOH 293-

(49) QH ROGX÷X WDUWÕúPDODUÕ GDEDúODPÕúWÕU+HUQHNDGDUEXLNLNDUúÕODúWÕUPDGDEHOOLEHQ]HUOLNOHUYHSDUDOHOOLNOHUV|]NRQXVXROVD GD $.3¶QLQ VL\DVL V|\OHPLQL ROXúWXUDQ PXKDID]DNkU GHPRNUDVL V|\OHPLQLQ NHQGL NRúXOODUÕ LoLQGH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL JHUHNLU 7UNL\H¶GH ODLNOL÷LQ YH PRGHUQOHúPHQLQ |QHPL ELOLQPHGHQ YH øslami NHVLPOHULQ JHoLUPLú ROGX÷X G|QúPOHU J|] |QQH DOÕQPDGDQ PXKDID]DNkU GHPRNUDVL\H \|QHOLN GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUHNVLNNDODELOHFHNWLU /DLNOL÷LQ Lo YH GÕú JYHQOL÷LQ VD÷ODQPDVÕ DPDFÕ LOH 7UNL\H¶GHNL savunucular WDUDIÕQGDQ |QHPOL ELU ROJX RODUDN J|UOG÷Q LOHUL VUHQ ELU oDOÕúPD LoLQ EDNÕQÕ] 3ÕQDU %LOJLQ ³7KH 6HFXULW\QHHV RI Secularism? The Case of Turkey, Security Dialogue, 2008a, Vol.39, No. 6, s. 593-607. %X oHUoHYHGH <DYX]¶XQ ³VLYLO GLQ´ RODUDN GLQL ³GR÷PDODUD YH\D KHUKDQJL ELU ULWHOH GD\DOÕ olmayan GL÷HU WDUDIWDQ VRV\DO G]HQLQ VD÷ODQPDVÕ \|QQGH YH PRUDO GH÷HUOHULQ WHúYLN HGLOPHVL LoLQ VLYLO ELU J|UHY VWOHQPHVL´ úHNOLQGHNL WDQÕPODPDVÕ $.3¶QLQ GLQ V|\OHPLQH GDKD \DNÕQ GXUGX÷X V|\OHQHELOLU. %DNÕQÕ]<DYX]³6HFXODULVPDQG0XVOLP'HPRFUDF\«´, a.g.e., ss.23.. 15.

(50) 6) EDWÕ YH |]HOOLNOH $% ONHOHULQH ³NXUXOX G]HQLQ PDNXO ELU SROLWLN DNW|U ROGX÷X´ 6DUÕED\ 2003