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過度糖化最終產物刺激

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過度糖化最終產物刺激 C6 神經膠瘤細胞表現誘導型一氧化氮合成酵素 之訊息傳遞路徑

在阿茲罕默氏症( Alzheimer’s disease )及其他許多退行性神經病變中,誘導型一氧化 氮合成酵素( inducible nitric oxide synthase ,簡稱 iNOS )的活性扮演著重要的角色,

而 iNOS 的蛋白表現會受到 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK )的調控。我們在 實驗中,以過度糖化最終產物( BSA-AGEs )誘導 C6 神經膠瘤細胞( C6 glioma cell s ) iNOS 的蛋白表現,發現 p38 MAPK 在其訊息傳遞過程扮演相當重要的角色。利用 BSA-AGEs 刺激 C6 glioma cells ,不論是隨著劑量的增加或是反應時間的增加, iNOS 的蛋白表現以及一氧化氮( NO )的產生都會隨之增加,而這種現象可以被基因轉錄抑 制劑 actinomycin D ,基因轉譯抑制劑 cyclohexamide ,和 iNOS 抑制劑 Nw-nitro-L-argi nine methyl easter ( L-NAME )所抑制,由此可以推測 iNOS 的蛋白表現是由基因表現 而來,而 NO 的增加則是由於 iNOS 的正調節作用( up-regulation )所致。另外,預先 以 tyrosine kinase 抑制劑( genistein 和 tyrphostin )、 Ras-farnesyl transferase 抑制劑 -II

( FPT-II )、 p38 MAPK 抑制劑( SB203580 )及 MEK 抑制劑( PD98059 )等處理 C 6 glioma cells ,都可以抑制由 BSA-AGEs 所刺激的 iNOS 表現及 NO 產生。 BSA-AGEs 可以促使 C6 神經膠瘤細胞 p38 MAPK 的活性增加,而此一現象會被 genistein ( 20m M )、 tyrphostin ( 30mM )、 FPT inhibitor-II ( 20mM )和 SB203580 ( 10mM )所 抑制,另外, BSA-AGEs 也可以促使 ERK 的活性增加,相同地,也會被 genistein ( 3 0mM )、 FPT inhibitor-II ( 20mM )和 PD98059 ( 10mM )所抑制。綜合以上結果,

我們的研究顯示, BSA-AGEs 在 C6 glioma cells 中的訊息傳遞路徑是經由活化 tyrosine kinase 和 Ras ,導致 p38 MAPK 及 ERK 的活化,而進一步的促使 iNOS 表現而產生 NO 。

(2)

Signal Transduction of Advanced Glycosylation End Products(AGEs) Stimulated Inducible-Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in C6 Glioma

Cells

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity plays important roles in Alzheimer’s disease a nd other neurodegeneration diseases. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway i s believed to function as an important mediator of iNOS expression. In the present study, we i nvestigated the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in advanced glycosylation end produ cts (AGEs)-induced iNOS expression in C6 glioma cells. AGEs caused a dose-dependent incre ase of nitrite accumulation in C6 glioma cells. The AGEs-stimulated nitrite production from C 6 glioma cells was inhibited by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and the NO synthase inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), suggesting that the increase of AGEs-induced nit rite release is due to iNOS up-regulation. Consistently, treatment of C6 glioma cells with AGE s induced iNOS protein expression. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein & tyrphostin), the Ras-farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FPT inhibitor-II), the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), or t he MEK inhibitor (PD98059) suppressed AGEs-induced iNOS expression and nitrite release fr om C6 glioma cells. AGEs activated p38 MAPK in C6 glioma cells, and this effect was blocke d by genisteine (20 mM), tyrphostin (30 mM), FPT inhibitor-II (20 mM), and SB203580 (10 mM). AGEs also activated ERK in C6 glioma cells, and this effect was blocked by genisteine (30 mM), FPT inhibitor-II (30 mM), and PD98059 (10 mM). Taken together, our data suggest that AGEs may activate the pathways of tyrosine kinase and Ras to induce p38 MAPK and ER K activation, which in turn induces iNOS expression and NO production in C6 glioma cells.

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