Division of Plant Kingdom

Division of Plant Kingdom

Kingdoms

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Anamilia

* Divisions (phyta) of Plant

•Bacteriophyta

•Cyanophyta

•Phycophyta

•Mycophyta

•Bryophyta

•Pteridophyta

•Spermatophyta

Subdivision:Gymnospermae Subdivision:Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledones Class:Dicotyledones

Subclass:Apetale

Dialypetalae

Sympetalae

Division:Spermatophyta (Seed-bearing) Subdivision:Gymnospermae

Subdivision:Angiospermae

Class: Monocotyledones Class:Dicotyledones

Subclass:Apetale

Dialypetalae

Sympetalae

Division:Spermatophyta

• are the conifers (gymnosperms)(have strobili as reproduvtive organ) and flowering plants (have flowers as reproduvtive organ).

• Plants with true roots, stem and leaves

• Reproduction is by seeds, sometimes

supplemented by vegetative propagation

• have well-developed vascular bundles

Subdivision: Gymnospermae (Cone-bearing) Evergreen shrubs or trees

Resin ducts are found in most of the species

Strobili unisexual or bisexual, ovules and resulting seeds not enclosed in carpels

Vascular bundles collateral and arranged in cylindrical about a pith (the xylem region conatins tracheids but no tracheae) Phloem have only sieve-tube members but no companion cells

Monoecious or dio

They have no perianth

Pollens have wings, and pollination is by wind (Anemophily) Seeds are polycotyledones

Leaves are scale or needle like

Subdivision: Gymnospermae

(Conifer)

1-Class: Cycadinae Order: Cycadales Fam:Cycadaceae Genus: Cycas

Species: Cycas revoluta Use: as food

It has starch at cortex and pith of stem.

Male cone

Male cone Female cone Female cone

Zamia

Zamia female cone female cone

2-Class: Ginkgoiae Order: Ginkgoales Fam: Ginkgoaceae Genus: Ginkgo

Species: Ginkgo biloba

Fam:Ginkgoaceae

These are large trees, with simple leaves, recognized by their leaves with dichotomic venation, today their remains only one relict relict species, Ginkgo biloba.

dioecious plants; the male and female strobili, on separate trees, are borne on short stalks.seed outer portion becomes soft and fleshy like a fruit, it has a

disagreeable odor, and for this reason staminate trees

are sometimes prefered to pistillate for ornamental

planting.Seeds contains neurotoxins.

Use:Medicinal Ginkgo Folium

Flavoniod (ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolid, bilobalid) Because of expansionary effect on blood vessels,

it has used in

disease seen in advanced ages, the forgetfulness of dementia

with memory loss, hearing tinnitus and vertigo

3-Classis: *Coniferae

3-Classis: *Coniferae

1-No female strobili, not forming cones,red,fleshy drupe fruit aril around seed...Taxaceae 1- Have female strobili,fruit is not drupe

2-Leaves oppositte or vertisillate, scaly...Cupressaceae 2-Leaves alternate, scaly or needle like (acicular)

3- Leaves are needle like...Pinaceae 3-Leaves are scaly

4-1 ovule in carpels of female strobili...Araucariaceae 4- More than 2 ovule in carpels of female strobili...Taxodiaceae

3-Classis: *Coniferae Order1: Taxales

Fam: Taxaceae Genus: Taxus

Species: Taxus baccata

T. brevifolia

Fam: Taxaceae

Resin bearing, evergreen, dioecious, leaves are alternate, linear 1-3 cm, acute, similar Abies leaf;

but have no 2 wax line parallel to midrib at ventral surface of lamina. not forming cones.red,fleshy aril around seed

Poisoning from taxanes, the taxines and taxol, both of which are nitrogenous ester alkaloids Generally contains toxic leves in all parts of the

plants (except the fleshy aril around seed)

Use: Medicinal

Taxol, found at the bark of this

species in structure of diterpene, has

antitumoral activity

Taxus - yew

Order 2: Pinales

i) Fam: Araucariaceae Genus: Araucaria

Species: Araucaria araucana A. excelsa

Genus: Agathis

Use: Medicinal

It has abuntant resin in stem and

this resin is used in the preparation

of pharmaceutical plaster

Araucaria

Araucaria - Norfolk Island Pine - Norfolk Island Pine

Agathis

ii) Fam: Pinaceae Genus: Pinus

Species: P. pinea P.

halapensis

P.

brutia

P.

silvestris

P. nigra

Fam: Pinaceae

A very important family of cone-bearing plants,

mostly evergreen trees, woody, All parts of the tree contain intercellular resin duct. linear, alternate

leaves, or have scales.

In the pines the leaf base are enclosed in sheaths—

1,2,3,4 or 5 leaves depending on species, growing from each sheath. In the other genera the leaves are single.male and female strobili borne on the same tree, seeds bears a broad wing

Use as lumber

Use: Medicinal

Oleoresin obtained from wounding of stem of P. brutia

As a result of distillation with water vapour from oleoresin,

volatile oil is obtained called Terebinthina Oleum. The residue is also drug, Colophonium

Terebinthina Oleum, used in the production of creams, applied externally for rheumatism, relieve pain.

Analgesics in veterinary medicine, has antiseptic effect in respiratory and urinary tract diseases

Colophonium used in in the preparation of pharmaceutical plaster From wood of branches and trunk of P. brutia and P. nigra with

dry distillation tar is obtained called Pini Pix. Used in respiratory and urinary tract diseases in pharmaceuticals and in particular used in the skin diseases of animals

Pinus -

Pinus - pine _pine

Pinus -

Pinus - pine _pine

Genus: Abies

Species: A. cilicica A. alba

A. balsamea

A. bornmülleriana

A. nordmanniana

From wounding of the stem of A. balsamea,

Balsamum Canadense, a oleoresin is obtained.

It is used to prepare permanent preparat (slide)

for microscope investigations

Abies

Abies - fir _{- fir}

Abies

Abies - fir _{- fir}

Cins: Picea

Species: P.

orientalis

P.

pungens

P.

excelsa

Use as lumber

Picea

Picea - spruce _{- spruce}

Genus:Cedrus

Species: C. libani

C. brevifolia (Cyprus species)

Genus: Larix

Larix decidua

From the C. libani,

Cedri Folia, it contains volatile oil that is used in perfumery industry

Medicinal use

From branches and trunk of C. libani tar is

obtained called Cedri Oleum, it is a folk medicine,

used in respiratory and urinary tract diseases in

pharmaceuticals and in particular used in the skin

diseasaes of animals

Larix -

Larix - larch _larch

iii) Fam: Taxodiaceae Genus:S equoia

Species: S. sempervirens

Genus:Sequiadendron

Species: S. giganteum

(redwood)

Sequoiadendron -

Sequoiadendron - the giant the giant sequoia

sequoia

iv) Fam: Cupressaceae Genus: Juniperus

Species:Juniperus oxycedrus J. communis

J. drupacea (Arceuthos drupacea)

J. sabina

J. phoenicea

J. virginiana

With dry distillation from branches of J. oxycedrus tar is obtained called Juniperi Pix.

Strong antiseptic from the outside skin diseases, found in soap, creams for scabies, eczema,

ringworm, is used in the treatment of oily hair.

As a result of distillation with water vapour from wood of

J. viriginiana Cedri Oleum is obtained used as microscopic immersion.

From the J. communis, Juniperi Fructus

used as tonic, and used for hypertension

Juniperus

Juniperus - _-

juniper or cedar

juniper or cedar

Genus:Cupressus

Species: Cupressus sempervirens

Immature cones are rich in tannin.

Formerly used as astringent (tissue and vessels constrict drug), now and in the disorder of vein

circulation, especially in medicins of hemaroid and heir, acvtivity is due to falavonoids.

Essential oils obtained from the young branches of

C. sempervirens, Cupressi Oleum, is effective as

antiseptic and antispazmodic and is sprayed to the

room and on the clothes of croupy patients

Genus: Thuja

Thuja occidentalis

Young branch tips of this species, Thujae Summitates is used as astringent, diuretic and emenagog but at the same time

it can be toxic.

4-Class: Gnetinae Order:Gentales

Fam: Ephedraceae Genus:Ephedra

Species: E. campylopoda E. major

The aerial parts of this genus, Ephedrae Herba,

stimulants of pulmonary and contractionary of veins, effects of drug is from its alkaloids especially,

ephedrin.

male male

Female

Female

Fam:Welwitschiaceae

Male pollen cones

Male pollen cones

Welwitschia microsporangiate cones

Welwitschia microsporangiate cones

Female plant

Female plant

Welwitschia cones with seeds

Welwitschia cones with seeds