Mink Viral Enteritis
Mink enteritis virus (MEV) is a strain of Carnivore protoparvovirus
Mink Viral Enteritis
Clinical signs include anorexia, vomiting and severe diarrhea.
Stools of affected animals usually contain large quantities of mucus and
Shaking Mink (Astrovirus)
Shaking Mink (Astrovirus)
An apparently novel neurological disease clinically characterized by shaking,
tremors, seizures,
staggering gait, ataxia
Shaking Mink (Astrovirus)
Lymphoplasmacytic encephalomyelitis was found in the affected kits. The lesions were most severe in the brainstem and cerebellum and
consisted of
neuronal degeneration and necrosis, neuronophagia,
focal and diffuse gliosis,
perivascular cuffs formed by lymphocytes, plasma cells and
macrophages, and
Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a progressive and fatal
neurodegenerative disease that affects ranched mink (Neovison (Mustela) vison).
Most or all of the adult animals on a ranch may be affected, and once an
animal becomes symptomatic, death is inevitable.
Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
TME is a member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
Mink seem to acquire the TME prion when they eat contaminated feed,
Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
TME has been reported only in ranched mink; however, experimental
infections can be established in other species.
Raccoons are readily infected by oral as well as parenteral inoculation.
Species that have been infected by intracerebral inoculation include striped skunks, ferrets, American pine marten, beech marten, cattle,
sheep, goats, hamsters and various nonhuman primates, such as rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, stump-tailed macaques (Macaca
Vitamin E Deficiency
Gastric Erosions or Bleeding Mucosal Ulcers Adrenal-Associated Endocrinopathy
Urolithiasis
Xenarthra,
Order Xenarthra includes armadillos, sloths, and anteaters.
The Order Erinacoemorpha includes moonrats and hedgehogs (Atelerix
sp., Erinaceus sp., and others). Aardvarks (Order: Tubuloedentata), hyraxes (Order: Hyracoidea), tenrec and golden moles (Order:
Common (and defining) in Xenarthra, are some unique features that
can confuse the prosector.
Included among these are multiple bony variations, such as additional
Cardiovascular variations include prominent rete mirabile in the limbs
and paired venae cavae in the posterior abdomen.
Armadillos have a hardened carapace that is composed of dense ossified
dermal tissue with overlying epidermal scales. The digestive tract of the sloth is complex with multiple chambers in which fermentation by
Thiamine deficiency
General: Poor growth, weight loss, paresis (partial paralysis), muscle weakness, recumbency and exhaustion in juvenile
hand-reared Erinaceus europaeus - West European Hedgehog. Musculoskeletal:
Hind leg paresis progressed to paralysis of the feet, crossing over of the hind feet,
outward rolling of the front feet and splaying of the legs. ("flipper feet") in juvenile hand-reared Erinaceus europaeus - West European Hedgehog.
Leg problems, with the hind legs crossing over, and in some animals "pop-off"
syndrome. Deaths of affected animals have been reported (deaths of all those in which the "pop-off" stage was reached) in juvenile hand-reared Erinaceus europaeus
-West European Hedgehog.
Gradual loss of balance and loss of the use of the legs in pet Atelerix hedgehogs in
USA and Canada.
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS)
A progressive degenerative neurological disease of African and
European hedgehogs sometimes referred to as progressive paresis/paralysis.
It slowly degrades the animal's muscle control perhaps similar to that of
MS in humans.
The cause at this time is unknown although it is believed to be genetic.
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS)
Most commonly shows up between 2 and 3 years of age but younger
and older animals have also become affected.
Males and females are equally affected.
It often starts with ataxia (loss of full control) or paresis ( muscular
weakness caused by nerve damage or disease) in the hind legs.
WHS is most evident initially by the "wobble" the hedgehog has when it
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS)
It gradually progresses from the hind end and starts to affect the front
of the body leading to tetraplegia or quadriplegia (partial or total loss of use of all limbs and torso).
The muscles will atrophy or lose mass and strength leading to
progressive weakness.
Most affected hedgehogs will slowly lose weight. Occasionally the
Wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS)
Histologically, extensive vacuolization of the white matter is seen in
the cerebrum, cerebellum, and throughout the length of the spinal cord.
Myelin likely degenerates first, then secondary degeneration and
loss of the axons with subsequent neuronal degeneration and necrosis.
The corona radiata of the cerebrum is often the most pronounced area
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Canine Distemper Virus
