TARIM BILIMLERI DERGISI 2000, 6 (3), 73-79
Investigation of Domestic and Imported Agricultural Tractors
Motor Characteristics and Tractor Efficiency
Ayten ONURBAS1 Hossein.H.A. ALİZADEH2
Geliş Tarihi : 03.03.2000
Abstract: In this research, recently used 31 domestic and 31 imported tractor motor characteristics in our country investigated and tractor efficiency has determined by using the tractor test reports. From the characteristics calculating stroke/bore ratio, torque elasticity and specifıc power value for domestic and imported tractors has investigated by comparing each other. For domestic and imported tractors, conversion of engine power to power take off and drawbar power along with general tractor efficiency were calculated. According to the results, general tractor effıciency was evaluated in domestic tractors, % 22,5-32,0 and % 19,4-32,4 in imported tractors.
Key Words: Tractor, stroke/bore ratio, torque elasticity, specific power, general tractor effıciency.
Türkiye'de Kullan
ı
lan Yerli ve ithal Tanm Traktörlerinin Motor Özellikleri ve
Traktör Verimlerinin incelenmesi
Özet: Bu araştırmada, ülkemizde son yıllarda kullanılan 31 adet yerli ve 31 adet ithal traktörün bazı motor özellikleri incelenmiş ve traktörlerin deney raporlanndan yararlanılarak traktör verimleri belirlenmiştir. Traktör motorlarının özelliklerinden strok/çap oranları, moment elastikiyetleri ve özgü! güç değerleri hesaplanarak yerli ve ithal traktörier için karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Yine yerli ve ithal traktörler için motor gücünün kuyruk mili gücüne ve çeki güçüne dönüşüm oranları ile traktör genel verim değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre traktör genel verim değerlerinin yerli traktörlerde % 22,5-32,0 ve ithal traktörlerde % 19,4-32,4 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Traktör, strok/çap oranı, moment elastikiyeti, özgül güç, traktör genel verimi.
Introduction
Including diesel engine used on tractors, as engine characteristics generally, nominal power, torque in engine speed which is obtained in nominal power, maximum torque and minimum specific fuel consumption values have taken into account. Except this values, stroke/ bore ratio, torque elasticity and specifıc power are used in identification of engines.
Besides tractor movement, the power obtained from tractor engine, are also used for various agricultural equipment. To achieve this, drawbar device, power take-off shaft, belt pulley and hydraulic system are used. Most of the agriculturel activities done by tractor taken by drawbar and power take-off shaft. Efficiency of this activıties, can be determined taking the ratio of engine power to power take-off and drawbar power.
lnvestigation of engine characteristic and tractor efficiency in this research, 31 domestic and 31 imported tractor using catalog value and test data, many imported tractors in Turkish market compared with domestic tractors.
Materials and Methods
Examined tractor engine characteristics was giyen in table 1 and 2. Motor characteristics were taken from
cataloge. The test data used for tractor efficiency calculation was giyen in result and discussion section along with investigated results.
Stroke/bore ratio is calculated by dividing by stroke to cylindir diameter (Sara1,1984).
Engine torque elasticity, T2
e — Tı
is calculated as above (Kadayıkılar,1992). Here; = Torque in nominal power (Nm),
T2 -= Maximum torque (Nm).
Specific power, is an engine power per litre of engine stroke volume (Saral, 1996).
General efficiency in agricultural tractor; Pd
* 100
İs deterrnined (Sabancı and et all., 1989). Here; : General tractor efficiency (%),
Pd. Tractor drawbar power (kW), Pf: Fuel power (kW).
Fuel power is calculated, as multiplying fuel consumption in hour with fuei thermal value.
Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery,-Ankara 2 Bu-Ali Sina Unv. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery,- Hamadan/
Table 1. Domestic tractor types and engine characteristics. Tractors Engine power (kW) Nominal revolution (rpm) Cylinder number (number) Cyl. diameter (mm)
Stroke (mm Total cyl. volume (cm3) Compre- ssion ratio Max. torqu (Nm) Revolution max. torque (rpm) Başak 17 13,1 3000 1 108,0 110,0 1007 16,0
-
-
2017 12,5 3000 102,0 100,0 817 17,0-
2043 31,0 2400 00 100 O 2355 16,1-
2073 51,5 2400 4 00, 100,0 3140 16,8-
-
Hema 3855 40,4 2500 3 100 O 115,0 2708 17,0 200,0 1500 5875 54,5 2500 00, 115,0 3610 17,0 247,0 1500 3860 44,1 2500 104,0 115,0 2930 17,0 200,0 1500 Ford 3610 34,4 2000 111,8 106,7 3140 16,3_
1200 6610 63,3 2100 4 111,8 111,8 4393 16,3 309,1 1400 Massey Ferguson 240 S 36,1 2250 3 91,4 127,0 2500 16,5 173,6 1350 285 S 58,9 2000 100,9 127,0 40641
16,0 303,0 1300 398 75,0 2200 4 98,4 127,0 3860 15,5 362,0 1400 265 S 48,0 2200 98,4 127,0 3860 16 O 243,3 1400 255 T 2250 3 91.4 127,0 2500 16,5 190,0 1500 Steyr 8033 22,1 2400 2 100,0 100,0 1571 16,1-
-
8043 31,0 2400 3 100,0 100,0 2355 16,1-
-
8053 36 8 2400 100,0 100 0 2355 16,8-
1600 Tumosan 74-80 54,4 2500 00, 115,0 3611 17,0 242,0 1500 60-60 44,1 3 104,0 115,0 2929 17,0 196,0 1500 82-80 60,1 2500 4 104,0 115,0 3906 17,0-
Türkfiat 60-66 44,1 2500 3 104,0 115,0 2931 17,0 196,0 1500 54-C 40,4 2500 3 100,0 115,0 2710 17,0-
1500 60-56 44,1 2500 104,0 115,0 2931 17,0 196,0 1500 A 50 40,4 2600 3 100 O 115 O 2710 17,0-
1500 80-66 62,6 2500 4 104,0 115,0 3906 17,0-
1400 70-66 51,5 2500 4 100,0 115,0 3611 17,0-
1400 70-56 51,5 2500 4 100,0 115,0 3611 17,0-
1500 55-46 40,5 2600 100,0 115,0 2708 17,0-
1600 65-46 47,8 2400 4 00,0 115,0 3611 17,0-
1400 Universal U701 51,5 2400 4 102,0 110,0 3594 17,5-
-
U640 47,1 2400 4 102,0 110,0 3594 17,0-
ONURBAŞ, A. and H.H.A. ALIZADEH, "Investigation of domestic and imported agricultural tractors motor characteristics
and tractor effıciency" 75
Table 2. Imported tractor types and engine characteristics.
Tractors Engine power (kW) Nominal revolution (rpm) Cylinder number Cylinder diameter (mm) Stroke (mm) Total cyl. volume (cm3) Compes sion ratio Max. torque (Nm) revolution in max. torque (rpm) Deutz 95 68,00 2300 4 94 O 115,0 3191 17,5 - _ Goldoni U238 28 00 3000 2 2 100,0 90,0 105,0 105 O 105,0 94,0 115,5 115 5 1649 1195 3998 3998 17 5 17,8 16,0 16,0 - - 343,0 376,0 - - 1400 1600 928 20,59 Hurlimn XT90 70,00 76 00 2500 2500 4 4 XT910 Lambor•hini F 135 97 00 2500 6 105 O 115 5 5998 160 510 1 1400 C 564 44,10 2350 3 105,0 115,5 2999 17 O - 1400 775 F 55,00 2350 3 105,0 105,0 105,0 115,5 115,5 115,5 2999 3998 3998 16,0 16,0 16,0 253,0 379,6 341,4 1500 1400 1400 P 1050 76,00 2500 4 4 P 950 70,00 2500 774-80 59 00 2500 4 105 O 115,5 3998 17,0 292 3 1350 674-70 51,40 2350 4 105,0 115,5 3998 17,0 282,5 1300 Massey Ferguson 394 F 59,00 2200 4 101,1 127,0 4076 16,0 283,0 1400 374 F 45,60 2200 r 4 98,5 127,0 3869 16,0 243,0 1400 4255 69,80 2200 4 100,0 104,0 127,0 115,0 3988 3906 - 16,0 17,0 374,0 - _1400 1400 New Holland TN 65 47,80 2300 4 TN 75 TN 90 55,00 64,00 2300 2300 4 4 104,0 115,0 3906 17,0 - 1400 104 O 115,0 3906 17,0 - 1400 60-86S 44,10 2500 3 104 115 2930 17,0 - 1400 M 160 118,00 2300 6 111,8 104 127 115 7472 3906 17,5 16,5 - 340,0 1500 1500 L 95 70,00 2500 4 Renault CR 95 63,00 2330 4 106,5 106,5 105 110 127 115 5 3920 4525 3998 17,8 17,2 16,0 310,0 370,0 375,0 1300 1300 1400 CG350 70,00 2350 2500 4 4 Same SILVR 74,00 ANTR 93,50 2500 6 105 115,5 5998 16,0 466,0 1400 AR 60 44,00 2350 4 105 115,5 3998 17,0 - - AR 70 51,50 2350 3 105 115,5 127 2999 2499 16,0 16,5 - - - Ursus 2812 36,00 2200 3 91 4 4512 55,80 2200 4 98,4 127 3864 16,0 255,0 1400 Valmet 8150 92,00 2200 6 _ 108 120 6592 16,5 - 1300 6400 70,00 2285 4 108 120 4395 16,5 350,0 1550 B . H u PF 860 PF : Fuel power (kW), B : Fuel consumption (kg/h),
HL, : Heat value of fuel ( 10 000 kcal/kg). Results and Discussion
Calculated engine characteristics of tractors were giyen in table 3 for domestic tractors and in table 4 for imported tractors.
Engine power 12,50-75,00 kW and engine nominal revolution 2000-3000 rpm domestic tractor stroke/bore ratio 0,95-1,39, torque elasticity 1,07-1,29 and specific power 10,95-19,43 kW/I were changed.
Engine power between 20,59-118,00 kW, engine nominal revolution 2200-3000 rpm imported tractor, stroke/ bore ratio 1,04-1,29, torque elasticity 1,11-1,38 and specific power 11,01-21,31 kW/I were changed.
Most of the imported tractor in Turkey are bigger than 50 kW. Domestic tractors power are between 40-60 kW.
Investigated engine characteristics, when domestic and imported tractors compared were not giyen big differences. Excess filled engine tractors (Hurlimann XT-910,4, MF 4255, Same Antares, Same Argon 70 and MF 398) stroke/bore ratio, torque elasticity and specific power values were higher observed.
Stroke / bore ration changed between 0,6-1,1 and this ratio are desired to be small (Kuşhan,B.). Most of the investigated tractors stroke/bore ratio were in giyen boundry.
As rule, engine working in a known revolution, increasing of load decreases engine revolution and torque increase. If engine maximum torque is not enough engine stops. In practice, maximum torque, is achieved in smaller revolution condition corresponding maximum power. This torque increment forms motor elasticity scale. Motor elasticity can be used directly as evaluation of engine performans. For example, as climbing
inclined plane capacity (Kadaylfçilar,1992). An engine that has high torque elastic4 faced a load increment, shows less engine speed loss comparing an engine that has low torque elasticity and increase movement of tractors that has gradual gear box. In modern tractors, torque elasticity is around 1,2 (Schulz, 1997 a and b). In most of the domestic tractors, this value is binder 1,2. In imported tractors this between 1,2-1,3.
In specific power is high, this shows engine has high Inad degree like over load engine. If the engine ask for long life work, specific power should be selected low (Kuşhan, B.). Specific power are cganging between 8-18 KW/I (Saral, 1996).
In the all domestic tractors and most of the imported tractors (except the turbo charge tractors) the value of specific power is between giyen values.
In the table 5 for domestic tractors and in the table 6 for the imported tractors efficiency between engine and transmission units are giyen.
Converted ratio from engine power to the p.t.o. power is (Ppto/Pm) °/0 75,0-93,9 for domestic tractors, % 69,2-92,1 for imported tractors.
Table 3. Engine characteristics of domestic tractors.
Tractors Stroke/bore ratio Torque elastisity Specific power (kW/I) 13,01 Başak
i
17 1,02-
2017 0,98-
15,30 2043 1,00-
13,16 2073 1,00-
16,40 Hema 3855 1,11 1,29 14,93 5875 1,11 1,19 1,19 15,08 15,05 3860 1,11 Ford 36105 0,95-
10,95 6610 1,00 1,07 14,41 Massey Ferguson 240S 1,39 1,13 14,44 285S 1,26 1,08 14,49 398 1,29 1,11 19,43 265S 1,29 1,17 12,4,4 255T 1,39 1 11 16,20 Steyr 8033 1,00-
14,07 8043 1,00-
13,16 8053 1,00-
15,63 Tumosan 74-80 1,15 1,17 15,07 60-60 1,11 1,16 15,06 82-80 1,11 1,15 15,39 -Türkfiat 60-66S 1,11-
15,05 54-C 1,15-
14,91 60-565 1,11-
15,05 A50 1,15-
14,91 80-665 1,11-
16,03 70-66S 1,15-
14,26 70-565 1,15-
14,26 55-46 1,15-
14,96 65-46 1,15-
13,24 Universal U701 1,08 14,33 U640 1,08-
13,11Table 4. Engine characteristics of import tractors.
Tractors Stroke/bore ratio Torque elastisity Specific power (kW/I) Deutz 95 1,22
-
21,31 Goldoni U238 1,05-
16,98.
928 1,04-
17,23 Hurlimann XT909 1,10 1 28 17,51 XT910 1,10 1,30 19,00 Lamborghiniı
F 135 1,10 1,38 16,17 C564 1,10-
14,70 775F 1,10 1,13 18,34 P1050 1,10 1 31 19,01 17,51 P950 1,10 1,28 774-80 1,10 1,30 14,76 674-70 1,10 1 35 12,86 Massey Ferguson 394 F 1,26 1,11 14,47 374 F 1,29 1,23 11,79 4255 1,27 1,23 17,50 New Holland TN65 1,11-
12,24 TN75 1,11-
14,08 TN90 1,11-
16,39 60-86S 1,11-
15,05 M160 1,11-
15,79 L95 1,11-
17,92 Renault CR 95 CG 350 1,19 1,19 1,20 1,30 16,07 15,47 Same SILVR 1,10 1,33 18,51 ANTR 1,10 1,31 15,59 AR 60 AR 70 1,10 1,10- _
11,01 17,17 Ursus 2812 1,39-
14,41 4512 1,29-
14,44 Valmet 8150 1,11 13,96 6400 1,11 1,33 15,93Converted ratio frorn engine power to drawbar power. (Pd/Pro) is % 57,1-82,6 for domestic tractors and % 56,5- 74,6 for irnported tractors and converted ratio from p.t.o. power to drawbar power (Pd/Ppto) is % 72,9-94,4 for domestic tractors and % 69,0-91,9 for imported tractors.
% 75-81 percent of engine power, % 86-89 percent of p.t.o. power and % 92-93 percent of axle power are converted to drawbar power. There is a relation between engine power and p.t.o. power as shown (engine power • 0,87-0,90 = p.t.o. power ) (Anonymous,1996).
Efficiency values between engine and power transmission units for most of investigated tractors are smaller than the minimum values.
In the table 7 general efficiency of the domestic tractors and in the table 8 general efficiency of the imported tractors are giyen.
The general efficiency of the tractors (the ratio of dravvbar power to fuel power) changes between % 22,5- 32,0 for the domestic tractors and % 19,4-32,4 for the imported tractors. The most imported factor which effects the success of the agricultural tractors is the general efficiency of tractor which is determinded by the power per kg fuel.
ONURBAŞ, A. and H.H.A. ALIZADEH, "Investigation of domestic and imported agricultural tractors motor characteristics
and tractor efficiency" 77
Table 5. The efficiency valves between engine and power transmission units in the domestic tractors.
Tractors Engine power
(Pril) (kW) P.T.O. power (Ppto) (kW) Drawbar power (Pd) (k W) (PpydP„,).100 (Pcb/Pm).100 (Pc>/Ppk,) .100 Başak 17 13,10 9,99 9,43 76,3 72,0 94,4 2017 12,50 11,10 10,30 88,8 82,4 92,8 2043 31,00 28,10 22,83 90,6 73 6 81,2 2073 51,50 38,92 31,54 75,6 61,2 81,0 Hema 3855 40,44 31,67 23,10 78,3 57,1 72,9 5875 54,46 46,24 35,40 84,9 65,0 76,6 3860 44,10 34,69 25,20 78,7 57,1 72,6 Ford 3610S 34,40 30,38 27,18 88,3 79,0 89,5 6610 63,30 52,77 44,98 83,4 71,1 85,2 Massey Ferguson 240S 36,10 32,28 27,00 89,4 74,8 83,6 285S 58,90 46,57 40,14 49,51 34,75 79,0 75,5 86,6 79,1 66,0 72,4 86,2 87,5 83,6 398 75,00 56,60 41,57 265S 48,00 255T 40,50 36,21 30,75 89,4 75,9 84,9 S eyr 8033 22,10 18,10 15,09 81,8 68,9 83,3 8043 31,00 26,70 19,59 86,1 63,2 73,4 8053 36,80 29,41 27,17 79,9 73,8 92,4 Tumosan 74-80 54,40 43,70 37,00 30,30 41,30 34,20 30,30 80,3 80,0 80,7 92,1 86,6 68,0 68,7 68,7 77,6 75,0 84,7 85,8 85,2 84,2 86,6 60-60 44,10 35,30 82-80 60,10 48,50 40,60 Türkfiat 60-66S 44,10 54-C 40,40 35,00 60-565 44,10 37,70 29,50 85,5 66,7 78,2 A.50 40,40 33,10 52,80 27,20 39 70 81,9 84,3 67,3 63,4 82,2 75,2 80-66S 62,60 70-66S 51,50 51,50 43,80 48,30 34,00 38,50 85,0 93,8 66,0 74,8 77,6 79,7 70-565 55-46 40,50 32,58 33,44 37,93 80,4 93,9 82,6 79,4 102,6 84,5 65-46 47,80 44,90 Universal U701 51,50 42,60 32,50 82,7 63,1 76,3 U640 47,10 42,50 33,80 90,2 71,8 79,5
Table 6. The efficiency values between engine and power transmission units in the imported tractors. Tractors
P,,, l
____,_______________(_1<ç5__
Engine power P.T.O. power
1202L(15_______U< ı_l_____ Drawbar power Pd I<VV (PptriPm).100 (Pd/Pm).100 (Pd/Ppto) .100 Deutz 95 68,00 62,30 52,10 91,6 76,6 83,6 Goldonı U 238 28,00 21,30 19,26 76,1 68,8 90,6 928 20,59 17,00 15,30 82,6 74,3 90,0 Hurlımann XT-909 70,00 58,50 43,10 83,6 61,6 73,7 XT-910 76,00 66,70 51,60 87,8 67,9 77,4 Lamborghını F 135 97,00 85,20 66,80 87,8 68,9 78,4 C 564 44,10 34 70 29 80 78,7 67,6 85,9 775 F 55,00 47,40 35,20 86,2 64,0 74,3 P 1050 76,00 66,30 51,40 87,2 67,6 77,5 P 950 70,00 58,50 43 20 83,6 61,7 73,8 774-80 59,00 45,20 37,80 76,6 64,1 83,6 674-70 51,40 42,80 35,54 83,3 69,1 83,0 Massey Ferguso 394F 59,00 48,10 39,10 81,5 66,3 81,3 :-, 374F 45,60 39,90 31,10 87,5 68 2 77,9 4255 69,80 60,00 52,00 86,0 74,5 86,7 New Holland TN 65 47,80 40,40 31,40 84,5 65,7 77,7 TN 75 55,00 47,00 32,90 85,5 59,8 70,0 TN 90 64,00 54,60 43,50 85,3 68,0 79,7 60-865 44,10 40,60 28,00 92,1 63,5 ,.. 69,0 M 160 118,00 06,10 91,30 89,9 77,4 86,0 L 95 70,00 60,80 48,90 86,9 69,9 80,4 Renault CR 95 63,00 52,80 48,50 83,8 77,0 91,9 CG350 70,00 62 20 51 20 88,9 73 1 82,3 Same SILVR 74,00 63,81 46,20 86,2 62,4 72,4 ANTR 93,50 81,20 66,52 86,8 71,1 81,9 AR 60 44,00 38,12 31,29 86,6 71,1 82,1 AR 70 51,50 44,12 36,58 85,7 71,0 82,9 Ursus 2812 36,00 24,90 22,00 69,2 61,1 88,4 4512 55,80 39,60 31,60 71,0 56,6 79,8 Valmet 8150 92,00 79,65 68,63 86,6 74,6 86,2 6400 70,000 60,99 48,05 87,1 68,6 78,8
Table 7. General efficiency of domestic tractors
Tractors Drawbar power(kW) Fuel consumption
(kg/h) - Fuel power (kW) - tractor (%) Effıciency of Başak 17 9,43 2017 10,30 3,23 37,56 27,4 2043 22,83 7,01 81,51 28,0 2073 31,54 10,31 119,88 26,3 Hema 3855 23,10 8,34 96,98 23,8 5875 35,40 11,33 131,74 26,9 3860 25,20 9,65 112,21 22,5 Ford 3610S 27,18 8,59 99,88 27,2 6610 44,98 14,67 170,58 26,4 Massey Ferguson 240S 27,00 8,59 99,88 27,0 285S 40,14 11,76 136,74 29,4 398 49,51 17,33 201,51 24,6 265S 34,75 10,29 119,65 29,0 255T 30,75 8,73 101,51 30,3 Steyr 8033 16,45 5,36 62,33 26,4 8043 19,59 6,46 75,12 26,1 8053 27,17 8,98 104,42 26,0 Tumosan 74-80 37,00 11,77 136,86 27,0 60-60 30,30 9,27 107,79 28,1 82-80 41,30 12,84 149,30 27,7 Türk Fiat 60-66S 34,20 10,06 116,98 29,2 54-C 30,30 8,15 94,77 32,0 60-56S 29,50 8,94 103,95 28,4 A.50 27,20 9,17 106,63 25,5 80-665 39,70 12,62 146,74 27,1 70-66S 34,00 11,19 130,12 26,1 70-56S 38,50 12,71 147,79 26,1 55-46 33,44 11,11 129,19 25,9 65-46 37,93 12,12 140,93 26,9 Unıversal U701 32,50 11,51 133,84 24,3 U640 33,80 10,31 119,88 28,2
Table 8. General efficiency of imported tractors.
Tractors 95 Drawbar power (kW) 52,10 Fuel consumption (kg/h) 15,53 Fuel power (kW) 180,58 Effıciency of tractor (%) 28,9 Deutz Goldonı U238 19,26 7,95 92,44 20,8 928 15,30 6,78 78,84 19,4 Hurlımann XT909 43,10 15,95 185,47 23,2 XT910 51,60 16,62 193,26 26,7 Lamborghını F 135 66,80 23,38 271,86 24,6 C 564 29,80 9,77 113,61 26,2 775 F 35,20 11,93 138,72 25,4 P 1050 51,40 16,60 193,02 26,6 P 950 43,20 15,98 185,81 23,2 774-80 37,80 12,40 144,19 26,2 674-70 35,54 11,12 129,30 '27,5 Massey Ferguson 394 F 39,10 13,92 161,86 24,2 374 F 31,10 10,79 125,47 24,8 4255 52,00 15,91 185,00 28,1 New Holland TN 65 31,40 10,08 117,21 26,8 TN 75 32,90 11,58 134,65 24,4 TN 90 43,50 13,40 155,81 27,9 60-86S 28,00 - - - M 160 91,30 26,93 313,14 29,2 L 95 48,90 12,96 150,70 32,4 Renault CR 95 48,50 13,97 162,44 29,9 CG 350 51,20 14,85 172,67 29,7 Same SILVR 46,20 16,59 192,91 23,9 ANTR 66,52 22,35 259,88 25,6 AR 60 31,29 10,14 117,91 26,5 AR 70 36,58 10,83 125,93 29,0 Ursus 2812 22,00 6,62 76,98 28,6 4512 31,60 10,24 119,07 26,5 Valmet 8150 68,63 20,66 240,23 28,6 6400 48,05 15,09 175,47 27,4
ONURBAŞ, A. and H.H.A. ALIZADEH, "Investigation of domestic and imported agricultural tractors motor characteristics
and tractor efficiency' 79
This properties shows the adaptation between all tractor units. In the most of investigated tractors the general efficiency is obtained greather then % 25.
Conclusions
When domestic and imported tractors investigated, there has been no differences between them, in terms of tractor efficiency.
Investigated tractor motor characteristics has been inside of the giyen limits and also consistent with the literature. Tractors with excess fili capacity has bigger stroke/bore ratio, torque elasticity and specific power values compared with other tractors.
Comparing engine and power transmission unit efficiency of tractors, giyen values in most of the literature were found to be low for both tractors. Tractors general efficiency values % 22,5-32,0 for domestic tractors and % 19,4-32,4 for imported tractors but has been over % 25 in most of the investigated tractors.
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