YDS Konu Anlatımı - YDS Testleri İndir Çöz | 17671

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GRAMER

ANLATIMI

&

GRAMER

ALIŞTIRMALARI

ÜDS / KPDS

ENGLISH OFFICE

ÜDS,KPDS HAZIRLIK

168 Sk 12/3 Bornova İzmir 0232 374 66 15 – 0505 714 78 29

www.englishoffice.org

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ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

İÇİNDEKİLER

İÇİNDEKİLER:

GRAMER KONULARI

SAYFA

1- TENSES

2- MODALS

3- PASSIVE

4- IF CLAUSE

5- ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

6- NOUN CLAUSES

7- CONJUNCTIONS

8- QUANTIFIERS

9- RELATIVE CLAUSES

10- GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

11- PREPOSITIONS

12- PHRASAL VERBS

13- VOCABULARY

14- IRREGULAR VERBS

1-12

13-14

15-17

18-22

23-29

30-32

33-34

35-37

38-40

41-45

46-52

53-54

55-62

63-67

GRAMER ALIŞTIRMALARI

SAYFA

1- TENSES

2- MODALS

3- PASSIVE

4- IF CLAUSE

5- ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

6- NOUN CLAUSES

7- CONJUNCTIONS

8- QUANTIFIERS

9- RELATIVE CLAUSES

10- GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

68-74

80-81

82-93

94-103

104-113

114-123

124-135

136-145

146-160

161-171

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ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SEVEN ARAÇLAR

Always

Usually / Generally / Most of the time / Mostly

Often / Frequently /

Sometimes / At times / Occassionally /

From time to time / Once in a while

(Every) Now and then /

(Every) Now and again

Seldom / Rarely

Barely / Hardly (ever) / Scarcely (ever) /

Never / Never ever

Every

Every year, every day, each year,

Every two years

Every other day , every other month

Once a year / Twice a week /

Three times a day

Ever

Still

How often

ÖNEMLİ HATIRLATMA !!!

TENSE’LERİ ANLATIRKEN BURADA VERDİĞİMİZ ZAMAN

BELİRTEÇLERİ SADECE BU ZAMANLARLA DEĞİL, BAŞKA

ZAMANLARLA DA KULLANILABİLİR. LİSTELER YAYGIN

KULLANIMLARI ESAS ALINARAK YAPILMIŞTIR.

(6)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

AM, IS, ARE VERB+ING

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE SEVEN ARAÇLAR:

Now

At the moment

Still I am still working in İzmir.

Presently

Currently

Right now

For the time being

Look/ Listen

Nowadays

These days

Tomorrow

(7)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

V2

SIMPLE PAST TENSE SEVEN ARAÇLAR

Yesterday

Last night

Ago

in 1955

When I was

Until World War II

Before World War II

During World War II

That night / On that day

Previously / Formerly

During the last weekend

Einstein

(8)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

HAVE / HAS V3

PRESENT PERFECT SEVEN ARAÇLAR

Already

Just

Yet

Ever

For

Since

Since…V2. , …Have/Has V3 -been V+ing

Recently-Lately

Until now, So far, Up to now, Hitherto , To date

In the last 2 weeks

Over the last 2 weeks

For the last 2 months

During the last 2 years

Twice, three times, four times

Sharapova is the best player I have ever V3

This is the first time I have ever V3

STILL Sadece olumsuzda have/has v3

She still hasn’t called me. =

(9)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

HAVE/HAS BEEN V ERB+ING

Uzun sürebilecek fiil sever:

RUN

WORK

LIVE

SPEAK

SWIM

TEACH

STUDY gibi.

Bir eylemi geçmişte yapmaya başladık ve şimdiye

kadar da yapmaya devam ettiysek veya çok kısa

süre önce yapmayı kestiysek bu tense’i

kullanıyoruz.

Sonunda “FOR TWO YEARS, FOR A LONG TIME”

gibi zaman belirteçlerine bayılır.

(10)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

WAS/ WERE VERB+ING

THIS TIME YESTERDAY...

WHEN

WHILE

JUST AS

AS

Past Continuous Tense’i daha çok konuştuğumuz

eylem başka bir eylem tarafından kesildiğinde

kullanıyoruz.

Eve giderken arkadaşıma rastladım.

(11)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

FUTURE TENSE

WILL / WON’T

WILL SEVENLER

I hope that he will….

I think that….

I believe that….

I am sure/confident/certain that

I promise that….

WILL HAVE V3

(Yapmış olacağım)

By the time

By

Before

WILL BE V+ING

(Yapıyor olacağım)

This time tomorrow

AM IS ARE GOING TO V1

(Planlı gelecek)

(12)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PAST PERFECT TENSE

HAD V3

Hatırlatma:

Tek cümlede tek başına kullanma !

Yanına PAST bir başka TENSE ister.

Bazı bağlaçlarla şık durur:

AFTER

BEFORE

AS SOON AS

ONCE

THE MOMENT

BY THE TIME

UNTIL

BECAUSE

HARDLY...WHEN...

NO SOONER...THAN...

ÖNEMLİ !!!

PAST PERFECT TENSE’İN CÜMLE İÇİNDEKİ YERİ ÇOK

ÖNEMLİDİR. BU TENSE’İ KULLANDIĞI NIZ YER, CÜMLENİN

DİĞER TARAFINDA KONUŞULAN EYLEMDEN DAHA ÖNCE

OLMUŞ OLMALIDIR. BU ÖZELLİĞİ HER “HAD V3”

(13)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

HAD BEEN V+ING

Past Perfect Tense’i kafamızda şöyle yerleştirelim:

Was/Were ing sonuna “for 2 hours, for three days” eklenmiş

hali. Sonda bunlar olunca was/were ing kullanamıyoruz.

Yerine : had been verb+ing.

When I went home, he was sleeping.

When I went home, he had been sleeping for 3 hours.

YASAKLAR:

Bağlacın iki tarafı HAD V3 – HAD V3 OLMAZ!

When, After,Before,Until,By the Time,

As soon as PEŞİNDEN WILL GELMEZ!

HAD V3 – HAVE,HAS V3 OLMAZ!

(14)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

TENSE UYUMU İSTEYEN BAĞLAÇLAR

When = As = Just as = While

After

Before

Until

By the time

As soon as

The moment

Once

Hardly... when...

No sooner... than...

As long as

So long as

Whenever / No matter when / Every time

If / Unless / Provided (that) / Providing (that)

On condition that / In the event that

(15)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

TENSE UYUMU:

FUTURE:

When …..GENİŞ ZAMAN/ HAVE -HAS V3, …...WILL V1...

After

Before

By the time

As soon as

As long as

PAST:

When ...PAST BİR TENSE... ,…...PAST BİR TENSE...

After

Before

By the time

As soon as

As long as

ÖNEMLİ !!!

Daha eski olan tarafta HAD V3 olur.

HAD V3 – YANINA V2 İSTER.

(16)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

BY THE TIME

FUTURE:

By the time…Present Tense/Have Has V3…, …Will have V3

By 2009……..Will have V3

PAST:

By the time…V2….. , …V2 / Had V3 / was, were….ing

HARDLY HAD HE V3…… WHEN … V2

NO SOONER HAD HE V3….. THAN…. V2

(17)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

MODALS

MODAL’LAR

PRESENT MODALLAR:

Can ( olasılık, izin, rica, yetenek)

May (düşük olasılık, izin – sadece “I ve we” öznesiyle)

Might (düşük olasılık)

Must (zorunluluk, güçlü tahmin)

Could ( kibar soru, düşük olasılık)

Would (kibar soru , yerinde olsam böyle yapardım)

Needn’t (yapmana gerek yok)

Don’t have to / Doesn’t have to (yapmana gerek yok)

Have to – Has to (zorunluluk)

Should / Ought to / Had better (tavsiye)

Will (kibar soru, gelecek zaman)

Be going to (planlı gelecek zaman)

PAST MODAL’LAR

Had to (yapmak zorunda kaldık)

Used to (eskiden yapardık, şimdi yapmıyoruz)

Would (hey gidi hey eskiden yapardık)

Could (geçmişte beceri)

Was/were able to = managed to (başardık)

Couldn’t = failed to ( yapamadık)

Needn’t have V3 (yapmana gerek yoktu, neden yaptın -keko)

Didn’t need to V1 (yapmamıza gerek kalmadı, yapmadık)

Should have V3 (yapmalıydın, neden yapmadın ?)

Could have V3 (olabilirdi ama olmadı)

Must have V3 (yapmıştır, yapmıştır)

Can’t have V3 (yapmış olamaz)

(18)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

MODALS

MODAL’VARİLER

BE LIKELY TO

Muhtemelen olur

BE ALLOWED TO

Yapabilir, yapmasına izin var

BE UNLIKELY TO

Muhtemelen olmaz

BE BOUND TO / BE OBLIGED TO

Yapmalı

BE SUPPOSED TO / BE TO V1

Yapması lazım

MANAGED TO

Yapmayı başardı

FAILED TO / COULDN’T

Yapamadı

(19)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

PASSIVE VOICE

PAST TENSE

Was, were v3 (yapıldı edildi)

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Is, are v3 (yapılır, edilir)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

İs,are being v3 (yapılıyor)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Was, were being v3 (yapılıyordu)

PRESENT PERFECT

Have, has been v3 (yapılmıştır, yapıldı, yapılmış, yapılmaktadır)

PAST PERFECT

Had been v3 (yapılmıştı, yapıldı)

MODALS

(20)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

PASSIVE VOICE

SORULARA YÖNELİK İPUÇLARI

Cümlenin başına bak. Eğer ki, özne can sızdan bir

kelimeyse %80 FİİL PASİF OLACAK.

The match cancelled / was cancelled. Pasif

Cümlenin başına bak. Eğer ki, özne insansa

%80 FİİL AKTİF OLACAK.

Levent broke the vase. Aktif

Fiilin sağına bak. Bir preposition varsa

%70 FİİL PASİF OLACAK.

Levent was involved in the crime. Pasif

Cümlenin sonunda “tarafından” anlamıyla “by” varsa

fiilimiz % 100 pasif olacak.

The report was checked by the manager. Pasif

IT... THAT yapısında IT öznesiniz takibi % 90

pasif olur.

It is stated here that global warming will be a more

important issue in future. Pasif

THEY, HE, SHE ... THAT yapısında özne takibi

% 100 aktif olur.

(21)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

PASSIVE VOICE

PASİF GÖRÜNÜMLÜ SIFATLAR

ŞEKİL OLARAK PASİF GİBİ DURURLAR, AMA PASİF DEĞİLLERDİR.

TO BE …….

AMAZED

SURPRISED

FASCINATED

EXCITED

BORED

PLEASED

THRILLED

SATISFIED

I am amazed.

He is very surprised.

(22)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

IF/ CONDITIONALS

IF / CONDITIONALS

TYPE 1

If…...…Geniş…...… , …... ...Will V1...….

Have,has V3

can,must,have to, should

Can, should ought to,had better,

Am,is,are….ing

could,would,might, may,

will be V+ing,

am,is,are going to V1

YASAKLAR:

IF İÇİNDE WILL KULLANMA!

IF DIŞINDA HAVE, HAS V3 KULLANMA (%90) !

TYPE 2

If ...Past Tense... , ...WOULD,COULD,MIGHT V1 ...

Were

would be V+ ing

Could

was,were going to V1

Was, were…V+ing

YASAKLAR:

IF ‘İN 2 TARAFINDA V2 KULLANMA,

WOULD,COULD,MIGHT V1 KULLAN.

(23)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

IF/ CONDITIONALS

TYPE 3

If……….Had V3…...…… ,...WOULD,COULD,MIGHT HAVE V3… ...

Could have V3

YASAKLAR:

IF DIŞINDA:

MUST HAVE V3 KULLANMA!

SHOULD HAVE V3 KULLANMA !

WOULD HAVE V3,

COULD HAVE V3,

MIGHT HAVE V3 KULLAN.

MIXED TYPE

(24)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

IF/ CONDITIONALS

“IF” ANLAMI TAŞIYAN DİĞER BAĞLAÇLAR

PROVIDED (THAT)

PROVIDING (THAT)

IN THE EVENT THAT

ON CONDITION THAT

UNLESS (IF…NOT)

Unless you run, you can’t perspire .

OTHERWISE = OR ELSE

Aksi takdirde (Akarı “Would,Could” ister)

……… . Otherwise,

Zeliha is full. Otherwise, she would eat some cookies.

WITHOUT (NOUN), … ...IF’lerin 2. tarafı...

BUT FOR

IF IT WEREN’T FOR

Olmasaydı ( Akarı “Would,Could” ister)

Without you, life would be like hell.

Without/ But for Azmi and Ömer, we would live in happiness

in the department.

IN CASE

Tedbir, amanın mamanın

……...IN CASE...…...….

PAST

WILL

GENİŞ ZAMAN

(25)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

IF/ CONDITIONALS

DEVRİK IF’LER

TYPE 1

Should he V1….. , ….Will V1

Should he go to İstanbul, he will visit the Topkapi Palace.

TYPE 2

Were he to V1…. , ….Would,Could,Might V1

Were Nilgün to drink the milk, she would get intoxicated.

Were Ömer in Antalya, he would swim in Karpuzkaldıran.

TYPE 3

Had he V3… , …Would,Could,Might Have V3

Had Selda watched the match, she would have sworn at the

referee.

ÖNEMLİ HATIRLATMA

COULD ve MIGHT

Hem Type 1 hem de

Type 2 de kullanılır.

(26)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

IF/ CONDITIONALS

I WISH, IF ONLY, I WOULD RATHER

AKARI HEP PAST OLACAK.

Çevrim:

Geniş zaman = V2

I wish I had another copier.

V2 = Had V3 / could have v3

I wish Asu had drunk vodka.

Will = Would

I wish Ömer would finish his thesis tomorrow.

I wish I would DENMEZ !

Can= Could

I wish I could fly.

Have,Has V3 = Had V3

I wish I had lived in İzmir for years.

Am,is,are = WERE

(27)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

Adjective: Adverb:

SLOW SLOWLY

CAREFUL

CAREFULLY

Be ADJ “TO BE” DIŞINDA FİİLLERİN PEŞİNDEN “ADVERB”

He is very slow.

He plays tennis slowly.

She is very careful. She reads very carefully.

KURALSIZ ADJECTIVES

GOOD – WELL

FAST - FAST

HARD – HARD (sıkı) ( HARDLY = NEVER)

EARLY – EARLY

FRIENDLY – IN A FRIENDLY WAY

My uncle speaks well.

He ran fast.

(28)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

COMPARATIVES (Karşılaştırmalar)

2 şeyi veya 2 grubu karşılaştırırken

KISA

UZUN

Shorter than

more careful than

Bigger than

more dangerous than

Taller than

more important than

More ….ed …..ly UZUNDUR

İst is more crowded than İzmir.

DÜZENSİZ ADJ

GOOD – BETTER THAN

BAD – WORSE THAN

FAR – FARTHER / FURTHER THAN

LITTLE – LESS (Uncount) THAN

MUCH/A LOT – MORE THAN

She cooks better than me.

He drives worse than me.

He spoke more than me.

He ate less than me.

(29)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

ÇİFTE KUMRULAR

The comparative... , the comparative...

The more………… , the more………..

The less………….. , the less…….

The less... , the more

The bigger………. , the smaller…….

Ne kadar ekmek o kadar köfte….

The more you eat, the fatter you become.

The faster you drive, the more tickets you get.

BİZİ COMAPARATIVE’E KOŞTURAN DURUMLAR:

ÇOĞA

MUCH

FAR

EVEN

A LOT

CONSIDERABLY

A GREAT DEAL

AZA

A LITTLE / A BIT /

SLIGHTLY / A LITTLE BIT

(30)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

AS…ADJ/ADV…. AS +

-EŞİTLİK ( KADAR…)

İzmir is as crowded as Ankara.

English is as important as Turkish at universities.

Ali spoke as carefully as Veli.

SO…ADJ/ADV.. AS (SADECE NEGATİF CÜMLELERDE)

Turkey isn’t as/so big as Russia.

SO MANY / MUCH / FEW / LITTLE ..(NOUN)... THAT...

There were so many people in the queue that I decided not

to buy a ticket.

(31)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

SUPERLATIVE

3 +

KISA UZUN

The tallest the most careful

The cheapest the most important

KURAL DIŞI ADJ ECTIVES

GOOD – BETTER – THE BEST

BAD – WORSE – THE WORST

FAR – FARTHER – THE FARTHEST/FURTHEST

MUCH, A LOT – MORE – THE MOST

LITTLE – LESS – THE LEAST

BİZİ SUPERLATIVE’E KOŞTURAN DURUMLAR

BY FAR / Fark atarak

İstanbul is by far the most crowded city.

IN (içinde)

Mehmet is the youngest in the class.

OF ALL / AMONG Aralarında…

Of all the countries, Turkey is the best.

QUITE (Fark atarak)

Füsun is quite the best cook in the class.

….. I HAVE EVER SEEN

(32)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

TOO…ADJ/ADV…. TO V1

Yapamayacağım kadar böyle

The tea is too sweet for me to drink.

Erzurum is too far to go tomorrow.

TOO AŞIRI

ADJ/ ADV ENOUGH TO V1

Yapabileceğim kadar böyle…

Manisa is close enough to go by car.

Füsun is skilled enough to make a chocolate cake.

ENOUGH (NOUN) TO V1

I have enough money to eat at the Ramazan Usta.

Too / enough …….THAT... OLMAZ !!!

SO…ADJ/ADV.. THAT…..

Öyle şöyle ki….

Manisa is so hot that I can’t live there.

It’s so rainy today that I can’t go jogging.

SUCH…(SAYI+ADJ+)NOUN… THAT….

Öyle şöyle ki…

Ünal is such a fit man that he can run 3 km non -stop.

Akın is such an imaginative man that he can run

15 km on his mind.

(33)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

….ED

..ING

I/SHE,THEY

TIRED

Excited

Bored

Worried

Surprised

Terrifed

Amazed

CANSIZ BİR NESNE

TIRING

exciting

boring

worrying

surprising

terrifying

amazing

The book is boring.

Mahmut is boring.

Mahmut is bored.

I am excited.

(34)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

NOUN CLAUSE

5 BİÇİMDE RASTLARIZ:

...THAT...

...WHETHER/IF... (Olup olmadığı)

...WH WORDS...

...WHEREVER,WHENEVER,WHATEVER ETC...

...HOW TO V1 / WHERE TO V1 / ETC...

Önce “Noun Clause” nedir? Kısaca tarif edelim:

Çoğunlukla “bir cümlenin” bir fiilin devamına nesne olarak gelmiş halidir. Yani fiile “NEYİ”

sorusunu sorduğumuzda “koca bir cümle” bize cevap oluyor. İşte o cümleye NOUN

CLAUSE diyoruz.

THAT İLE YAPILAN NOUN CLAUSE

FİİL + THAT

I believe that…..

Think

Suppose

Guess

Estimate

Predict

Foretell

Advise

Find out

Recomend

Admit

Deny

Hope

Expect

Know

Explain

Discover

Say

Tell me

Show

Reveal

Indicate

Point out

Express

Maintain

State

Emphasize

Understand

Claim

Prove

Suggest

Warn

Imply

IT (PASSIVE) THAT....

IT (ADJ) THAT...

IT... THAT...

It is known that...

It is believed/expected/predicted/advised/recommended... THAT...

IT...(ADJ)... THAT...

(35)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

NOUN CLAUSE

BAZI NOUN’LARIN ARKASI THAT...

BU NOUN’LARIN ARKASI “THAT” OLUR, “WHICH” OLMAZ, DİKKAT !!!

The fact that...

Belief

Idea

Opinion

Contention

Claim

Thought

WHETHER / IF / WHERE / WHEN / WHAT / WHY

SEVEN FİİLLER

Know

Explain

Learn

Wonder

Ask

Tell me

Remember

Depend on

Wherever = No matter where

Whatever = No matter what

Whenever = No matter when

Whoever = No matter who

Whomever = No matter whom

Whichever = No matter which

However = No matter how

ÖZEL BİLGİ:

WHATEVER/WHICHEVER ..(NOUN) ... , ...

HOWEVER ...(ADJ/ADV) ... , ...

WHATSOEVER – her neyse demektir. Yanına cümle almaz,

fiil sonrası kullanılır.

(36)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

NOUN CLAUSE

WHAT TO VERB 1

WHAT TO DO (ne yapılacağını)

HOW TO DO (nasıl yapılacağın ı)

WHERE TO GO (nereye gidileceğini)

WHO(M) TO VOTE FOR (kime oy vereceğimizi)

NOUN CLAUSE’LARDA TENSE UYUMU

BAŞLANGIÇ PAST İSE AKARI PAST OLACAK

BAŞLANGIÇ PRESENT İSE AKARI FREE.

BAŞLANGIÇ PASSIVE OLAMAZ (IT HARİÇ)

IT ÖZNESİ FİİLİ PASSIVE ALIR.

(37)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

CONJUNCTIONS/ TRANSITIVES

CONJUNCTIONS (

BAĞLAÇLAR)

TERSLİK

Cümle – Cümle

Although...CÜMLE... , ...CÜMLE...

Though

Even though

Despite the fact that

In spite of the fact that

TERSLİK

Noun/Verb+ing

Despite...NOUN/VERB+ING... , ...CÜMLE...

In spite of

Notwithstanding

NEDEN SONUÇ

Cümle – Cümle

Because...CÜMLE... , ...CÜMLE...

As

Since

Now that

On the grounds that

Insomuch as

Inasmuch as

,for

in that

Noun/Verb+ing

Because of...NOUN/VERB+ING... , ...CÜ MLE...

Due to

Owing to

On account of

On the grounds of

Thanks to (Sayesinde)

(38)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

CONJUNCTIONS/ TRANSITIVES

SO THAT = IN ORDER THAT … (Can,could)

Mek için, mak için (Amaç)

IN CASE

Amanın mamanın (Tedbir)

LEST = FEARING THAT =FOR FEAR THAT

Korkusuyla

TRANSITIVES

BUNUN SONUCU OLARAK

Therefore

So

Thus

Hence

Consequently

Subsequently

As a result

As a consequence

That’s why

BUNA RAĞMEN, FAKAT

However

Nevertheless

Nonetheless

Yet

Still

But

---In contrast

On the contrary

On the other hand

(39)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

QUANTIFIERS

COUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR

YANINA ÇOĞUL ALIR.

Many

A great many

A few



Few



Several

A number of teachers are here.

The number of the students is 6.

A great/small/large number of

TEKİL COUNT TAKİP EDER

Neither cup is mine.

Neither car is good.

Neither is mine.

Neither (cup) is mine.

Neither of the cups is mine.

Neither……nor….. is/are

Ne o ne de o 2 / 2 grup

Neither Asu nor her mother is black.

Neither Ali nor Veli is happy.

Either car is good. =

Both cars are good.

Either….. or ……is/are

Ya o ya da o

Either mum or dad is at home.

Each room is clean, isn’t it?

Each student is here, isn’ he ?

(40)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

QUANTIFIERS

ÇOĞUL COUNT TAKİP EDER

NONE OF THEM IS MİNE.

NONE IS MINE.

None of the doctors is

One of the trees is

Either of the hotels is OK.

Neither of the hotels is clean.

Each of

UNCOUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR

Much - +

A little

Little

An amount/quantit y of

A great/small/large amount of

A great/small/large quantity of

A GREAT DEAL OF

HEM COUNT HEM DE UNCOUNT NOUN’LARLA KULLANILANLAR

Some +

Any - hiç

Plenty of

A lot of

Lots of

All

Most

Most of

I have no time.

I have no friend(s).

(41)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

QUANTIFIERS

ANOTHER / OTHER / THE OTHER

Another

Bir tane daha (Tekil veya Uncount

ister)

Other(s)

Dünyadaki tüm diğerleri

Çoğul isim ister

My,his,her other

Benim, senin,onun diğer

Akarı hem tekil hem çoğul olur

The other(s)

Diğeri/ Diğerleri

Bilinen bir gurup içinde diğeri/diğerleri

Öteki/ötekileri

Akarı tekil/çoğul olabilir

EACH OTHER

Birbirlerini, birbirimizi ( 2 kişi veya 2

grup)

They hate each other.

ONE ANOTHER

Birbirlerini (3 veya daha fazla kişi)

MORE THAN ANY OTHER

Tüm diğerlerinden daha fazla

ÖNEMLİ HATIRLATMA:

“Some” ile başlayan cümleler akarda

“OTHER(S) ile iyi gider

“ONE” ile başlayan cümleler akarda

“ANOTHER” veya “THE OTHER” ile iyi

(42)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Sıfat cümleleri

WHO/THAT (Kİ O) insan

The man , the woman, the doctor who/that…

The man that is driving his car is smoking.

The men that are driving their cars are smoking.

The soldier who saw me shouted: “hands up!”.

The girl that was walking in the park fell down and fainted.

WHOM (Kİ ONU) insan

The girl I saw was very beautiful.

The boy (who/that/whom) the dog bit started to cry.

The boy the dog bit started to cry.

The children Ünal bought ice -cream for got ill.

WHICH/THAT (Kİ O) Nesne / Hayvan

A cow is an animal that/which gives milk.

A Mouse is a small animal that/which lives in the holes.

The film I watched yesterday was horrible.

The meatballs Ünal ate were tiny.

WHERE (Kİ ORADA) İÇİNDE BİR ŞEYLER DÖNECEK

Yer The hotel, the garden, the country

İzmir is a town where people look up to Tayyip Bey.

Ege University is a big school where there are tens of faculties.

Turkey is a big country where there are many historical places.

Turkey is a big country… ...…. is located in Asia.

Which /that

Ankara is a city…...….. Mr Gül lives happily.

Where

Ankara is a city…...…. Mr Gül lives in happily.

That /which / X

(43)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHERE = IN WHICH

AMA SOLDA BİR YER ADI VARSA

WHEN (Kİ O ZAMAN)

Day, month, year, time, season….

June is the month …... we go to Çeşme.

When = in which

Saturday is the day…… we play tennis.

When = on which

WHY = FOR WHICH

Nedeni

The reason why…..

I don’t know the reason why he is sad.

WHOSE Kİ ONUN ( HIS,HER,ITS,THEIR…)

İNSAN, HAYVAN, CANSIZ…

Ünal is a teacher whose mustache is Ottoman style.

A rabbit is an animal whose teeth are very sharp.

I have a car whose tyre s are a bit worn-out.

PREPOSITION DURUMLARI :

IN, ON, WHICH, OF, ABOUT WHICH, WHOM, WHOSE

This is the house in…which…. I live.

Tayyip is a good man about…whom… I know a lot.

(44)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

RELATIVE CLAUSES

VİRGÜL MİRGÜL DURUMLARI

Akın, who has a very fat friend, works in İzmir.

VİRGÜL OLDUĞUNDA “THAT” OLMAZ.

Ankara, which is located in the center of Turkey, is cold in winter.

REDUCTIONS / KISALTMALAR

PASSIVE

Antalya is a city located in the South.

German is a language that is spoken in Austria.

German is a language spoken in Austria.

Nutuk is a book which was written by M.K.Atatürk.

Nutuk is a book written by M.K.Atatürk.

ACTIVE

Yaşar is a man who lives in Kemalpasha.

Verb+ing

Yaşar is a man living in Kemalpasha.

Aysun is a teacher who works/working at EU.

5 KARDEŞLER

(SAĞINA FİİL ALMAZLAR)

WHERE

WHEN

WHY

WHOSE

(45)

ENGLISH OFFICE

GERUNDS & INFINITI VES

KENDİSİNDEN SONRAKİ FİİLE

GERUND (ING) ALAN FİLLER

Admit

Kabul etmek

Advise

Tavsiye etmek

Advocate

Savunmak

Anticipate

Ummak,

beklemek

Appreciate

Takdir etmek

Avoid

Kaçınmak

Can’t bear

Katlanamamak

Begin

Başlamak

Complete

Tamamlamak

Consider

Dikkate almak

Contemplate

Tasarlamak,

düşünmek

Continue

Devam etmek

Delay

Ertelemek

Deny

Inkar etmek

Discuss

Tartışmak

Dislike

Hoşlanmamak

Enjoy

Hoşlanmak

Envisage

Kafasında

canlandırmak

Finish

Bitirmek

Forget

Unutmak

Hate

Nefret etmek

Can’t help

Kendini

alamamak

Justify

Doğrulamak,

haklı çıkarmak

Keep

Muhafaza

etmek

Like

Sevmek,

hoşlanmak

Love

Sevmek

Mention

Bahsetmek

Mind

Aldırmak,

umursamak

Miss

Özlemek;

kaçırmak

Necessitate

Gerektirmek

Postpone

Ertelemek

Practice

Uygulamak;

alıştırma

yapmak

Prefer

Tercih etmek

Quit

Çıkmak

Propose

Teklif etmek

Recall

Geri istemek;

hatırlamak

Recollect

Yeniden

toplamak

Recommend

Önermek

Regret

Pişman olmak

Remember

Hatırlamak

Repent

Pişman olmak

Resent

Alınmak,

içerlemek

Resist

Karşı koymak

Resume

Yeniden

başlamak

(kaldığı yerden)

(46)

ENGLISH OFFICE

GERUNDS & INFINITI VES

Can’t stand

Katlanamamak

Start

Başlamak

Stop

Durmak

Suggest

Önermek

Try

Denemek,

uğraşmak

Understand

Anlamak

KENDİSİNDEN SONRAKİ FİİLE

GERUND (ING) ALAN İFADELER

It’s no use

Faydası yok

It’s no good

Faydası yok

No smoking

Sigara içilmez

Can’t help

Kendini

alamamak

Can’t stand

Katlanamamak

No loitering

Oyalanmak yok

Be worth

değmek

Go

sightseeing

Geziye çıkmak

Go shopping

Alışverişe

çıkmak

Go fishing

Balığa gitmek

Go swimming

Yüzmeye

gitmek

Go climbing

Dağa

tırmanmak

THE GERUND IS USED AFTER

PREPOSITIONS

After

Sonra

Before

Önce

Be good at

Yetenekli olmak

Be charged

with

suçlamak

Get used to

alışmak

Be used to

Alışkın olmak

Object to

Itiraz etmek, karşı

çıkmak

Admit to

Kabul etmek

Look forward

to

Sabırsızlıkla

beklemek

Be

accustomed to

Alışkın olmak

Get

accustomed

to

alışmak

Interested

Ilgili olmak

There is no

point in

Anlamı olmamak

Succeed in

başarmak

Believe in

inanmak

Congratulate

on

Tebrik etmek

Keep on

Devam etmek,

sürdürmek

Insist on

Israr etmek

Keen on

Düşkün olmak

Rely on

Güvenmek, itimat

etmek

Depend on

dayanmak

Count on

güvenmek

How about

--sak nasıl olur

What about

--sak nasıl olur

Responsible

for

-den sorumlu

olmak

Apologise to

somebody for

-den -için özür

dilemek

(47)

ENGLISH OFFICE

GERUNDS & INFINITI VES

Blame for

suçlamak

Forgive for

Affetmek

Excuse for

Özür dilemek

Thank for

Teşekkür etmek

Despite

Rağmen

Inspite of

rağmen

Instead of

-nın yerine

Be capable of

-için yeterli

Be fond of

Düşkün olmak

Be afraid of

korkmak

Be accused of

ile suçlanmak

Suspect of

Şüphelenmek

Approve of

onaylamak

Prevent from

Önlemek,

engellemek

Stop from

durdurmak

KENDİSİNDEN SONRAKİ FİİLE

INFINITIVE (TO V1) ALAN FİLLER

Afford

Para yetirmek

Agree

Aynı fikirde olmak

Aim

Amaç edinmek

Appear

Görünmek

Arrange

ayarlamak

Ask

Sormak, istemek

Can’t bear

Katlanamamak

Beg

Yalvarmak

Begin

Başlamak

Care

Dikkat etmek

Claim

Iddia etmek

Consent

Razı olmak

Continue

Devam etmek

Decide

Karar vermek

Demand

Taleb etmek

Deserve

Hak etmek

Endeavour

Uğraşmak,

çabalamak

Expect

Ummak, beklemek

Fail

Başarısız olmak

Hate

Nefret etmek

Happen

Meydana gelmek

Hesitate

Tereddüt etmek

Hope

Ummak, beklemek

Learn

öğrenmek

Like

Sevmek, hoşlanmak

Love

sevmek

Manage

Idare etmek

Mean

kastetmek

Need

Ihtiyacı olmak

Neglect

Ihmal etmek

Offer

Teklif etmek

Plan

Planlamak

Pledge

Söz vermek

Prefer

Tercih etmek

Prepare

Hazırlanmak

Pretend

Gibi davranmak

Proceed

Ilerlemek

Promise

Söz vermek

Refuse

Reddetmek

Regret

Pişman olmak

Resolve

Çözümlemek

Remember

Hatırlamak

Seek

Aramak; istemek

Seem

(gibi) görünmek

Can’t

stand

Katlanamamak

Start

Başlamak

Struggle

Mücadele etmek

Swear

Yemin etmek

Tend

Eğilimli olmak

Threaten

Tehdit etmek

Try

Denemek; uğraşmak

Undertake

Üstlenmek, girişmek

Volunteer

Gönüllü olmak

Wait

beklemek

Want

Istemek

Wish

Dilemek

Would

love

--çok isterdim

Prefer

Tercih etmek

Like

Sevmek, hoşlanmak

Hate

Nefret etmek

(48)

ENGLISH OFFICE

GERUNDS & INFINITI VES

IT IS/WAS+SIFAT +OF YOU/HER

etc. + TO V1 (INFINITIVE)

Good

Iyi

Cowardly

Korkakça

Sensible

Duyarlı;

mantıklı

Wise

Akıllı, zeki

Honest

Dürüst

Careless

Dikkatsiz

Silly

Aptalca

Generous

Cömert

Considerate

Saygılı

Nice

Güzel, hoş

Lucky

Şanslı

Mean

Cimri

Selfish

Bencil

Fortunate

Şanslı

Unfair

Adaletsiz

KENDİSİNDEN SONRA ANLAM

FARKI YARATMADAN

VERB+ING VEYA TO V1

ALAN FİİLLER

Begin

Başlamak

Allow

Izin vermek

Need

Ihtiyacı olmak

Start

Başlamak

Advise

Tavsiye etmek

Recommend

Önermek

Continue

Devam etmek

Permit

Izin vermek

Love

Sevmek

Hate

Nefret etmek

Like

Sevmek,

hoşlanmak

Prefer

Tercih temek

FİİL + NESNE/KİŞİ + TO V1

(INFINITIVE) ALAN FİİLLER

Advise

Tavsiye temek

Allow

Izin vermek

Ask

Sormak, istemek

Beg

Yalvarmak

Cause

Sebep olmak

Challenge

Meydan okumak

Compel

Zorlamak

Convince

Ikna etmek

Dare

Cesaret etmek

Enable

Olanak vermek

Encourage

Cesaretlendirmek

Expect

Beklemek, ummak

Forbid

Yasaklamak

Force

Zorlamak

Hire

Kiralamak

Instruct

Bilgilendirmek

Invite

Davet etmek

Need

Ihtiyacı olmak

Oblige

Zorunda bırakmak

Order

Emretmek;

ısmarlamak

Permit

Izin vermek

Persuade

Ikna etmek

Recommend

Önermek

Remind

Hatırlatmak

Request

Rica etmek, istemek

Require

Gerektirmek

Teach

Öğretmek

Tell

Söylemek

Tempt

Tahrik etmek

Urge

Zorlamak, sıkıştırmak

Want

Istemek

Warn

Uyarmak

Wish

Dilemek

Would like

Istemek

Would

prefer

(49)

ENGLISH OFFICE

GERUNDS & INFINITI VES

SIFAT + INFINITIVE (TO V1)

Happy

Mutlu

Ready

Hazır

Amazed

Şaşırmış

Glad

Memnun

Reluctant

Isteksiz

Delighted

Hoşnut

Proud

Gururlu

Hesitant

Tereddütlü

Certain

Kesin

Content

Memnuniyet

Exciting

Heyecanlı

Lucky

Şanslı

Afraid

Korkmak

Disappointed

Hayal kırıklığına

uğramış

Fortunate

Şanslı, talihli

Surprised

Şaşırmış

Willing

Istekli

Anxious

Endişeli

Motivated

Motive olmuş

Relieved

Rahatlamış

Dangerous

Tehlikeli

Eager

Istekli

Prepared

Hazırlıklı

Pleased

Memnun

Glad

Memnun

Stunned

Afallamış

Expensive

Pahalı

Cheap

Ucuz

Impossible

Imkansız

Easy

Kolay

Sorry

Üzgün

Shocked

Şok olmuş

Determined

Kararlı

Astonished

Afallamış

Safe

Güvenli

Sad

Üzgün

Difficult

Zor

Impossible

Imkansız

Hard

Zor, sıkı

Interesting

Ilginç, çekici

KENDİSİNDEN SONRA ANLAM

FARKI YARATARAK

VERB+ING VEYA TO V1

ALAN FİİLLER

Regret

Pişman olmak

Stop

Dur(dur)mak

Remember

Hatırlamak

Propose

Teklif etmek

Forget

Unutmak

Mean

Kastetmek

Try

Denemek,

uğraşmak

Go on

Devam etmek

NOUN + TO V1

ability / inability

ambition

anxiety

eagerness

attempt

decision

demand

determination

desire

effort

failure

offer

plan

promise

refusal

request

right

scheme

willingness

wish

Yetenek X

Hırs

Endişe

Heves

Teşebbüs

Karar

Talep

Kararlılık

Arzu

Çaba

Başarısızlık

Teklif

Plan

Söz, vaat

Red

Rica

Hak

Plan

İsteklilik

Arzu

(50)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS

VERB+PREPOSITION



ACCOUNT FOR :

AÇIKLAMAK

*******

His illness accounts for his absence.



ABSTAIN FROM :

UZAK DURMAK ***

His doctor told him to abstain from beer and wine.



ACCUSE SB OF :

SUÇLAMAK ***

He accused me of stealing his money.



ACQUAINT SB WITH :

HABERDAR ETMEK

He acquainted us with the facts.



ACQUIT SB OF :

SUÇSUZ BULMAK

The judge acquited him of the crime.



AGREE WITH SB (ON/ABOUT STH) :

KABUL ETM. AYNI FİKİRDE OLM. ***

AGREE TO STH

We agreed on the terms.Have you agreed about the price yet?

I don’t agree with you. He agreed to my proposal. I agreed with him on the date of the

wedding.



AIM AT

:

HEDEFLEMEK

He aimed his gun at the lion.



ALLOCATE TO/FOR:

PAY ETMEK,AYIRMAK

We must allocate more money to/for education



APOLOGIZE TO SB FOR STH :

ÖZÜR DILEMEK ***

You must apologize to your sister for being rude.



APPLY (TO SB) FOR STH:

BAŞVURMAK

He applied to the Ministery for permission to go abroad.



APPROVE OF :

UYGUN BULMAK ,TASHIP ETM. ***

He doesn’t approve of my behaviours.



ARGUE WITH SB ABOUT/ON STH

:

TARTIŞMAK ***

They argued with the neighbour about the noise he made

.



ARRIVE IN/AT :

VARMAK

(51)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS



ASCRIBE TO

:

ATFETMEK

He ascribed his failure to bad luck.



ATTACH TO:

BAĞLAMAK

He attached the lebels to the luggage.



ATTRIBUTE TO:

ATFETMEK

He attributes his success to hard work.



ASK FOR STH:

İSTEMEK

I never ask for money from my parents.



BAN SB FROM :

YASAKLAMAK

They banned him from attending the meeting.



BELIEVE IN :

İNANMAK ***

He doesn’t believe in God.



BELONG TO :

AİT OLMAK ***

This car belongs to us.



BENEFIT BY/FROM:

FAYDALANMAK

You will benefit from this treatment.



BEWARE OF :

DİKKAT ETMEK

Beware of the dog.



BLAME SB FOR STH :

SUÇLAMAK AYIPLAMAK ***

He can’t blame me for coming late.



BOAST ABOUT:

GURURLANMAK

He always boasts to his neighbours about the successes of his son.



CHOOSE BETWEEN:

SEÇMEK

He had to choose between death and dishonour.



COINCIDE WITH :

TESADÜF ETMEK,BENZEMEK

His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.



COLLABORATE ON STH/WITH SB:

İŞBİRLİĞİ YAPMAK ***

He collabarated on a biography with a friend.He collaborated with the enemy.



COMBINE WITH:

BİRTEŞ(TİR)MEK

Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.

(52)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS



COMPARE TO/WITH :

BENZETMEK,KARŞILAŞTIRMAK ***

Poets compare sleep to death.He mustn’t compare his son with other childen.



COMPANSATE FOR :

TANZİM ETMEK TELAFİ ETMEK

Nothing can compansate for the loss of one’s health.



COMPETE AGAINST/WITH:

REKABET ETMEK

Turkey can’t compete against/with other countries in trade.



COMPLAIN (TO SB) OF/ABOUT STH :

ŞİKAYET ETMEK ***

She complained to me about/of his rudeness.



COMPLY WITH:

UYMAK ***

We must comply with the rules.



CONFER (WITH SB) ON /ABOUT STH:

GÖRÜŞMEK/DANIŞMAK

He conferred with his lawyer on/about the matter.



CONFLICT WITH:

ÇELİŞMEK

Their account of the causes of the war conflict with ours.



DATE FROM/BACK TO

: --- DEN BERİ VAR OLMAK

The castle dates back to /from 14

th

century.



DEDICATE TO :

ADAMAK

He dedicated his life to his children.



DEDUCE FROM :

SONUÇ ÇIKARMAK

I deduced from his clothes that he was a beggar.



DEPART FROM :

AYRILMAK

The train departed from station at seven o’clock.



DEPEND ON/UPON :

BAĞLI OLMAK ***

Good health depends on good food,exercise and getting enough sleep.



DEPRIVE OF

:

YOKSUN BIRAKMAK ***

We deprived him of his books.



DERIVE FROM:

ALMAK, --- DEN GELMEK ***

I derive great pleasure from my work.

A lot of English words derive from (are derived from) Latin.



DETER FROM:

ENGELLEMEK

(53)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS



DEVIATE FROM:

SAPMAK,YOLDAN ÇIKMAK

He deviated from the truth.



DEVOTE TO :

ADAMAK

He devoted himself to sport.



DIE OF :

--- DAN ÖLMEK ***

He died of cancer.



DISPOSE OF :

BAŞTAN ATMAK, KURTULMAK

He disposed of the rubbish.



DISTINGUISH FROM/BETWEEN :

AYIRT ETMEK ***

He can’t distinguish reality from dreams.

He can’t distinguish between reality and dreams



DREAM OF/ABOUT :

HAYAL ETMEK,RÜYADA GÖRMEK

He soldeir always dreams of/about home.



EMBARK ON/UPON :

BAŞLAMAK ***

He embarked on a new business in Romania.



EMERGE FROM: ORTAYA ÇIKMAK ***

The moon emerged from behind the clouds.



ENROLL IN :

KAYIT OLMAK,KAYIT YAPMAK

He enrolled in an evening class.



EQUIP WITH :---

İLE DONATMAK

They equipped the soldiers with uniforms and weapons.



EXCHANGE WITH/FOR :

DEĞİŞMEK

He exchanged five apples for five eggs. He exchanged his seat with Mary.



EXCLUDE FROM :

ENGELLEMEK,MENETMEK

They excluded her from the membership.



FIGHT WITH/AGAINS T

: DÖĞÜŞMEK,MÜCADELE ETMEK

Great Britain has always fought against /with her enemies.



HINDER FROM :

ENGELLEMEK

The weather hindered me from getting there on time.

(54)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS



INDULGE IN

: KENDİNİ VERMEK,MÜPTELA OLMAK

He indulged heavily in conversation and drink.



INFECT WITH:

BULAŞTIRMAK

They were infected with cholera.



INFER FROM :

SONUÇ ÇIKARMAK

We can infer from the passage that --- .



INJECT INTO :

ENJEKTE ETMEK

He injected penicillin into the blood stream.



INSERT IN:

YERLEŞTİRMEK

He inserted the key in the lock.



INSIST ON :

ISRAR ETMEK ***

He insisted on the importance of being punctual.



INTERFERE WITH/IN :

MÜDEHALE ETMEK

Don’t interfere in my business. Don’t interfere with that machine.



INTERVENE IN:

MÜDEHALE ETMEK

He intervened in our dispute



INVEST IN:

YATIRMAK ,YATIRIM YAPMAK

They invested all their money in business enterprise.



INVOLVE IN :

KARIŞTIRMAK,YÜZYÜZE GETİRMEK

They are deeply involoved in debt.

I was reluctant to involve myself in the argument.



LONG FOR:

ÖZLEMEK

We long for summer holiday.



MERGE IN/INTO/WITH :

BİRLEŞMEK

One day Koç might merge with Sabancı.

The small banks merged into/in a big organisation



PARTICIPATE IN :

YER ALMAK ***

He participated in the anti-drugs compaign.



PERSIST IN :

ISRAR ETMEK ***

(55)

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

VERB + PREPOSITIONS



PREVENT FROM:

ENGELLEMEK ***

They can’t prevent us from entering the exam.



PROVIDE WITH/FOR :

SAĞLAMAK,DONATMAK ***

I want to provide my son with a good education.

I want to provide a good education for my son.



RECOVER FROM:

İYİLEŞMEK ***

He recovered from the illness very quickly.



REFRAIN FROM :

SAKINMAK ***

He refrained from looking at him.



REMIND SB OF:

HATIRLATMAK ***

The secretary reminded him of his appointment.



RELY ON/UPON:

DAYANMAK,GÜVENMEK ***

Turkey relies on foreign help in economy. I don’t rely on any of them.



RESULT FROM/IN :

İLE SONUÇLANMAK, --- DAN KAYNAKLANMAK ***

Their dispute resulted in war. The war resulted from their dispute.



SETTLE DOWN/IN :

YERLEŞMEK

He settled down in his armchair. We moved yesterday but we haven’t settled in yet.