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Cilt: 3-9Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
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Extended abstractFor the past few decades, the world’s energy supply has not been keeping up with increasing demand. Burgeoning countries undergoing industrial reform are consuming an increasing amount of crude oil, coal and electricity, which has increased overall energy prices to an unprecedented level (Sönmez et al., 2009).
Ice cool thermal energy storage systems are often classified as static or dynamic, according to the way ice is delivered to the storage tank. In dynamic systems, ice is produced outside the storage tank and removed from the ice-making surface continuously (Dinçer, 2002). In static systems, an ice-making pipe is installed in the storage tank where ice is formed and later melted. Ice-on-coil systems produce ice outside a coil. The ice may be melted using either an external melting system, which melts ice from the outer side, or an internal melting system (Dinçer, 2002). Habeebullah (2007) investigated growth rate of ice on the outside of cooled copper tubes. Ice formation around an isothermally cooled horizontal cylinder and effect of natural convection were studied by Cheng et al (1988). Fertelli et al. (2009) studied analytically and experimentally the solidification around the horizontal tube by considering a fully developed velocity profile in the tube. Experiments are performed to investigate the effects of different heat transfer fluid inlet temperatures on ice formation around the tube. Finite volume method (FLUENT program) was used to solve solidification around cylinders placed in fixed volume as cylindrical, elliptical, hexagon, triangle, square geometry of cooled cylinder. Quadrilateral grid was used for simulation and finer grid distribution was used near cylinder surfaces. Grid spacing increases away from cylinder surfaces, with total of 20000 to 25000 elements The following assumptions were made to simulate solidification around cylinders in a fixed space: i) Flow is two dimensional, laminar and incompressible; Water as a Newtonian fluid for phase changing material; ii) Unique thermal conductivities and specific heats (ks,
kl, Cs, Cl) are considered for solid and liquid phases;
and iii) Effects of viscous dissipation and radiation are ignored.
Validation studies of the present model shows that variations of area ratio (Ab /As) match with
experimental data in entire time range for solidification around a single cylinder. To examine effect of different cooled cylinder geometries (cylindrical, elliptical, hexagon, triangle, square) in rectangular cavity on transient natural convection in water with density inversion, calculations were carried out for different initial water temperatures. All calculations were carried out under condition of transient natural convection in water with cooled tubes. Diameter of tubes was taken d (d, 0.0254 m), and tank heights was taken as 11d. Water temperature in tank an cylinder surface temperature were assumed as 0 °C, 4 °C and -10 °C respectively. Natural convection is not observed at Ti= 0 °C for
all models and thermal stratification is not established in the storage tank. The water which was at 4 °C temperatures in the beginning was observed to have reached different temperature values at different points of the tank at the t = 900 s. At the end of this period, phase change was observed in the tank and the ice layer on the cylinders was reached to a specific thickness. Thermal stratified region is established by warm water placing at the bottom of the tank and cold water placing at the top of the tank This situation can also be seen from the temperature contours at the t = 900 s. At t = 1800 s and other durations, the cold water at the top was observed to be colder when the ice thickness was increased. More temperature decrements of accumulated water at the bottom were observed to have decreased more; and a different thermal layer was seen to have appeared in the following period. When the temperature distributions at the end of the t = 3600 s and 7200 s are analyzed, it can be seen that the water temperature has decreased up to 0 °C at the whole part of the tank except the bottom part. For the solidification rate obtained for all models, in case the cylinders are cylindrical, elliptical and hexagonal, the model for the highest solidification rate is obtained in the case of cylindrical. It was found that when the cylinders are triangular and square models, the solidification is affected negatively and more formation of ice is seen for circular models.
Keywords: Solidification, Energy storage, Phase change
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