Sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında yiyecek ve içecek işletmelerindeki uygulamalar: İzmir'deki restoran işletmelerinin sürdürülebilir restoran işletmeciliği kavramına yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi

Tam metin

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(5) ABSTRACT Master¶V Thesis Practices of Food and Beverage Establishments in the Framework of Sustainability: Evaluation of 5HVWDXUDQW%XVLQHVVHV¶$SSURDFKHVWRWKH Sustainable Restaurant Management Concept in Izmir 6HUGDU6h11(7dø2ö/8 'RNX](\OOUniversity Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Tourism Management Tourism Management Program Recently, sustainability has become an important issue and made the tourism sector practices, which significantly affect the environment and whose source is mainly the environment, very important. Within the framework of sustainable tourism the contribution of all stakeholders to sustainable practices is required; the food and beverage sector enterprises are expected to take part in this process. In thLVVWXG\LWLVDLPHGWKDWWRH[DPLQHUHVWDXUDQWPDQDJHUV¶LGHDV on and approaches to sustainability. In this content semi structured in-depth interviews were made and results were analyzed by content analysis. In addition, a checklist about practices of restaurants was prepared in order to get quantitative information. Results of the study have shown that there has been lack of information about sustainability and environment management in restaurants; and it is understood that cost and government regulations have been affective in some practices. It has also determined that service quality has been the most important worry of the managers; and the government and nongovernmental organizations should take responsibility in raising awareness guiding in environmental issues. Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism, Food and Beverage Businesses, Sustainable Restaurants.. v.

(6) 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø..$36$0,1'$<ø<(&(.9(ød(&(. øù/(70(/(5ø1'(.ø8<*8/$0$/$5ø=0ø5¶'(.ø5(6725$1 øù/(70(/(5ø1ø16h5'h5h/(%ø/ø55(6725$1øù/(70(&ø/øöø.$95$0,1$ <$./$ù,0/$5,1,1'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø ødø1'(.ø/(5. TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ................................................................................................ ii <(0ø10(71ø ......................................................................................................... iii g=(7 ..................................................................................................................... 4iv ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. v ødø1'(.ø/(5 .......................................................................................................... vi KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................ ix 7$%/2/$5/ø67(6ø ................................................................................................ x ù(.ø//(5/ø67(6ø. xii. EKLER /ø67(6ø..................................................................................................... xiii *ø5øù........................................................................................................................ 1. %ø5ø1&ø%g/h0 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø.9(6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5785ø=0 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø..$95$0, ..................................................................... 3 6UGUOHELOLU.DONÕQPD........................................................................ 4 6UGUOHELOLUOLNYH6UGUOHELOLUOLNøOHøJLOLgQHPOL*HOLúPHOHU ............. 9 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5785ø=0 ........................................................................... 18 7XUL]PYHdHYUHøOLúNLVL ...................................................................... 18 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]P.......................................................................... 22 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]PLQ$PDoODUÕ ........................................................ 26 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]PLQøONHOHUL............................................................ 27 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]P$UDoODUÕ ............................................................ 29. vi.

(7) ø.ø1&ø%g/h0 <ø<(&(.ød(&(.øù/(70(/(5ø1'(6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø58<*8/$0$/$5. .85806$/6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø. ................................................................ 30 <ø<(&(.ød(&(.øù/(70(/(5ø9(6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø. ........................ 33 <ø<(&(.ød(&(.øù/(70(/(5ø1'(6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø58<*8/$0$/$5 36 6UGUOHELOLU<DSÕ7DVDUÕPYH%LQD ................................................. 36 6UGUOHELOLU0RELO\D7HoKL]DWYH0HIUXúDW ..................................... 41 (QHUML6XYH$WÕN<|QHWLPL ................................................................ 45 2.3.4. Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk ............................................................. 54 6UGUOHELOLU<L\HFHNøoHFHN ............................................................ 59. hdh1&h %g/h0 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø..$36$0,1'$<ø<(&(.9(ød(&(. øù/(70(/(5ø1'(.ø8<*8/$0$/$5ø=0ø5¶'(.ø5(6725$1 øù/(70(/(5ø1ø16h5'h5h/(%ø/ø55(6725$1øù/(70(&ø/øöø.$95$0,1$ <$./$ù,0/$5,1,1'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø. $5$ù7,50$1,1$0$&,9(g1(0ø ............................................................... 65 3.2. $5$ù7,50$1,1<g17(0ø............................................................................ 65 $5$ù7,50$1,1g51(./(0ø ........................................................................ 66 $5$ù7,50$1,16,1,5/,/,./$5, ................................................................... 67 3.5. %8/*8/$5,1'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø ............................................................ 68 øúOHWPHLOHøOJLOL*HQHO%XOJXODU ........................................................... 68 dHYUH.RUXPD\D<|QHOLN8\JXODPDODUDøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU ..................... 74 <|QHWLFLOHULQ 6UGUOHELOLUOLN.DYUDPÕQD%DNÕúÕQDøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU ..... 79 dHYUH6RUXQODUÕYH'HYOHW']HQOHPHOHULQHøOLúNLQ*|UúOHUL ............. 82 6UGUOHELOLU<DSÕ7DVDUÕPYH%LQD8\JXODPDODUÕQDøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU 88 (QHUML<|QHWLPLLOHøOJLOL8\JXODPDODU ................................................. 93 $WÕN\|QHWLPLLOHøOJLOL%XOJXODU ........................................................... 95 6X<|QHWLPLLOHøOJLOL%XOJXODU........................................................... 100 .XUXPVDO6RV\DO6RUXPOXOXNLOHøOJLOL%XOJXODU................................. 101. vii.

(8) <L\HFHNøoHFHNOHUHøOLúNLQ%XOJXODU ................................................ 106 6UGUOHELOLU8\JXODPDODU.RQWUROListesi ..................................... 108 SON8d ............................................................................................................... 112 .$<1$.d$ .......................................................................................................... 120 EKLER. viii.

(9) KISALTMALAR. AB. $YUXSD%LUOL÷L. ABD. $PHULND%LUOHúLN'HYOHWOHUL. AEP. $NGHQL](\OHP3ODQÕ. BEP. BLQDODUD(QHUML3HUIRUPDQVÕ. BM. %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHU. BREEAM. %LQD$UDúWÕUPD.XUXOXúXdHYUHVHO'H÷HUOHQGLUPH0HWRGX. d('. dHYUHVHO(WNL'H÷HUOHQGLUPHVL. d(9.2. dHYUH.RUXPDYH$PEDODM$WÕNODUÕ'H÷HUOHQGLUPH9DNIÕ. DPT. 'HYOHW3ODQODPD7HúNLODWÕ. EPA. $PHULNDQdHYUH.RUXPD$MDQVÕ. GDO. *HQHWL÷L'H÷LúWLULOPLú2UJDQL]PD. GRA. <HúLO5HVWRUDQODU'HUQH÷L. HACCP. 7HKOLNH$QDOL]LYH.ULWLN.RQWURO1RNWDODUÕ. ISO. 8OXVODUDUDVÕ6WDQGDUWODU7HúNLOkWÕ. .2%ø. .oNYH2UWD%\NONWHNLøúOHWPHOHU. KOSGEB. .oN YH 2UWD gOoHNOL øúOHWPHOHUL *HOLúWLUPH YH 'HVWHNOHPH øGDUHVL %DúNDQOÕ÷Õ. LED. ,úÕ÷Õ<D\DQ'L\RW. LEED. (QHUMLYHdHYUH7DVDUÕPÕQGD/LGHUOLN. MEGEP. 0HVOHNv(÷LWLP9Hg÷UHWLP6LVWHPLQLQ*oOHQGLULOPHVL3URMHVL. NRA. 8OXVDO5HVWRUDQODU'HUQH÷L. SETAC. dHYUHVHO7RNVLNRORMLYH.LP\D'HUQH÷L. 7h6ø$'. 7UNL\H6DQD\LFLOHUYHøú$GDPODUÕ'HUQH÷L. 7hø.. 7UNL\HøVWDWLVWLN.XUXPX. UNCED. %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHUdHYUHYH.DONÕQPD. UNCHE. %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHUøQVDQdHYUHVL.RQIHUDQVÕ. UNDP. %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHU.DONÕQPD3URJUDPÕ. UNEP. %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHUdHYUH3URJUDPÕ. UNWTO. 'Q\D7XUL]PgUJW. WCED. 'Q\DdHYUHYH.DONÕQPD.RPLV\RQX .RQIHUDQVÕ. ix.

(10) 7$%/2/$5/ø67(6ø Tablo 1: 7XUL]PLQdHYUH\H2OXPVX](WNLOHUL. s.21. Tablo 2: 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]PLQ$UDoODUÕ. s.29. Tablo 3: )LUPDQÕQ'R÷DO.D\QDN7DEDQOÕ<DNODúÕPÕ. s.31. Tablo 4: 5HVWRUDQODUGDNL6UGUOHELOLU8\JXODPDODU. s.34. Tablo 5: hUQ<DúDP'|QJV.RQWURO/LVWHVL. s.43. Tablo 6: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ(QHUML7DVDUUXIX<DSDELOHFH÷L$ODQODU. s.47. Tablo.7: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ(QHUML(WNLQOL÷L8\JXODPDODUÕ. s.48. Tablo 8: $WÕN.D\ÕW'HIWHUL. s.56. Tablo 9: 0ODNDW\DSÕODQLúOHWPHELOJLOHUL. s.67. Tablo 10: Hizmet Kapasitesi. s.69. Tablo 11: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQNHQGLOHULQLWDQÕPODPDODUÕ. s.70. Tablo 12: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ0úWHUL.LWOHVL. s.73. Tablo 13: .DUOÕOÕN+DULFL$PDoODU. s.73. Tablo 14: dHYUH.RUXPD8\JXODPDODUÕ. s.75. Tablo 15: <|QHWLFLOHULQ6UGUOHELOLUOLN.DYUDPÕQD%DNÕúÕ. s.80. Tablo 16: <|QHWLFLOHULQ6UGUOHELOLUOL÷H5HVWRUDQODUÕQ.DWNÕVÕ. s.80. 2ODELOHFH÷LQL'úQG÷$ODQODU Tablo 17: øúOHWPHOHUL(QdRN(WNLOH\HQdHYUH6RUXQX. s.82. Tablo 18: <|QHWLFLOHULQdHYUH6RUXQODUÕQÕQ.LP7DUDIÕQGDQd|]Omesi. s.83. *HUHNWL÷LQHøOLúNLQ*|UúOHUL Tablo 19: <|QHWLFLOHULQ'HYOHWLQ<DSPDVÕ*HUHNHQOHU+DNNÕQGDNL*|UúOHUL. s.82. Tablo 20: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQdHYUH']HQOHPHVLQGH'LNNDW(WWL÷L1RNWDODU. s.90. Tablo 21: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ0RELO\D0DO]HPHOHUL6DWÕQ. s.92. AOÕUNHQ'LNNDW(GLOHQ1RNWDODU Tablo 22: Temizlik Maddeleri Konusunda Dikkat Edilen Noktalar. s.93. Tablo 23: 5HVWRUDQODUGD(QdRN$WÕN2OXúWXUDQ$ODQODU. s.96. Tablo 24: $WÕN<|QHWLPLøOHøOJLOL8\JXODPDODU. s.96. Tablo 25: 5HVWRUDQODUGD.XOODQÕODQ7HN.XOODQÕPOÕNhUQOHU. s.98. Tablo 26: 5HVWRUDQODUGD(QdRN6X7NHWLPL<DSÕODQ$ODQODU. s.100. Tablo 27: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ6RV\DO(WNLOHUL. s.101. Tablo 28: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ0úWHULOHUL\OH2ODQøOHWLúLP<ROODUÕ. s.102. Tablo 290úWHULOHULQø\L<HPH÷LQgWHVLQGH%HNOHQWLOHUL. s.104. Tablo 30: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ6DWÕQ$OGÕ÷Õ<L\HFHNOHUGH'LNNDW(WWL÷L8QVXUODU. s.106. x.

(11) Tablo 31: RHVWRUDQODUÕQ*ÕGD*YHQOL÷LYH+LM\HQLøoLQ<DSWÕ÷Õ8\JXODPDODU. s.108. Tablo 32.RQWURO/LVWHVL5HVWRUDQODUÕQ6UGUOHELOLU8\JXODPDODUÕ. s.110. xi.

(12) ù(.ø//(5 /ø67(6ø. ùHNLO ho'DLUH0RGHOL. s.8. ùHNLO6UGUOHELOLU.DONÕQPDLOHøOJLOLgQHPOL*HOLúPHOHUYHdÕNWÕODUÕ. s.9. ùHNLO 6UGUOHELOLU7XUL]P.DYUDPÕQÕQ.URQRORMLN*HOLúLPL. s.24. ùHNLO øúOHWPHQLQdHYUH3ROLWLNDODUÕQD.D\QDN2ODQ*oOHU. s.30. ùHNLO øúOHWPHOHUGH.XUXPVDO6UGUOHELOLUOLN Modeli. s.32. ùHNLO6: 5HVWRUDQODUÕQ(QHUML.XOODQÕPÕ. s.46. ùHNLO $WÕN.XUWDUPD+L\HUDUúLVL. s.55. ùHNLO<|QHWLFL3URILOOHUL. s.68. ùHNLO6XQXODQ<L\HFHNdHúLGL. s.69. ùHNLOdHYUHVHO8\JXODPDODUÕ*HUoHNOHúWLUPHNøoLQøúOHWPeleri. s.78. Motive Eden Unsurlar ùHNLO 'HYOHW']HQOHPHOHULQLQ5HVWRUDQODUGDNL6UGUOHELOLU. s.88. Uygulamalardaki Etkisi ùHNLO5HVWRUDQODUÕQ(QdRN(QHUML+DUFDGÕ÷Õ$ODQODU. s.94. xii.

(13) (./(5/ø67(6ø. EK 1: 0ODNDW6RUXODUÕ. ek s.1. EK 2: Kontrol Listesi. ek s.4. xiii.

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(15) WXUL]P oHYUH LOLúNLVL oRN |QHPOL ELU ER\XW ND]DQPDNWDGÕU 'R÷DO ND\QDNODUÕQ WNHQHELOLU \DSÕGD ROGX÷XQXQ IDUNÕQD YDUÕOPDVÕ WXUL]PGH \HU DODQ WP SD\GDúODUÕQ oHYUHVHOVRUXPOXOXN\NOHQPHsi gere÷LQLRUWD\DoÕNDUPÕúWÕU 7XUL]P HQGVWULVLQGH LúOHWPHOHU DUDVÕQGD\HU DODQ \L\HFHN LoHFHN LúOHWPHOHUL VHNW|UQQ |QHPOL SD\GDúODUÕQGDQ ELULVLGLU %\N YH NXUXPVDOODúPÕú LúOHWPHOHULQ oHYUH \|QHWLPL \HWHQHNOHULQL JHOLúWLUHFHN ND\QDN YH LPNkQODUD VDKLS ROGX÷X NoN LúOHWPHOHULQ EXQGDQ \RNVXQ ROGX÷X GROD\ÕVÕ\OD oHYUH \|QHWLPL LOH LOJLOL oDOÕúPDODUÕQ .2%ø¶OHUH \|QHOLN \DSÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷L GúQFHVL\OH WXUL]P VHNW|UQGHNL .2%ø¶OHULQ |QHPOL ELU E|OPQ ROXúWXUDQ \L\HFHN-LoHFHN LúOHWPHOHUL EX oDOÕúPD NDSVDPÕQGD HOHDOÕQPÕúWÕU dDOÕúPDQÕQ. LON. E|OPQGH. VUGUOHELOLUOLN. NDYUDPÕQD. GH÷LQLOHUHN. VUGUOHELOLU NDONÕQPD YH VUGUOHELOLU WXUL]P NDYUDPODUÕQÕQ RUWD\D oÕNÕúODUÕ YH JHOLúLP VUHoOHUL HOH DOÕQPÕúWÕU 7XUL]PLQ oHYUH LOH HWNLOHúLPLQLQ |QHPL YXUJXODQDUDk VUGUOHELOLU WXUL]PLQ JHUHNOLOLNOHUL RUWD\D NRQPXúWXU øNLQFL E|OPGH LVH NXUXPVDO VUGUOHELOLUOLN. SHUVSHNWLILQGH. \L\HFHN-LoHFHN. LúOHWPHOHULQLQ. VUGUOHELOLUOLN. NDSVDPÕQGDX\JXOD\DFD÷ÕDGÕPODUOLWHUDWULQFHOHQHUHNEHOLUWLOPLúWLUJurowski (2005: 29

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(18) %ø5ø1&ø%g/h0 6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø.9(6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5785ø=0 1.1.6h5'h5h/(%ø/ø5/ø..$95$0, 6UGUOHELOLUOLNNDYUDPÕJQGHPHJHOLúLQGHQEX\DQDELUoRNNXUXPYH|UJW WDUDIÕQGDQ IDUNOÕ úHNLOOHUGH WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU ³6UGUOHELOLUOLN´ NHOLPH RODUDN LON GHID ¶GH $OPDQ ELOLP LQVDQÕ +DQV &DUO YRQ &DUORZLW] WDUDIÕQGDQ ³6\OYLFXOWXUD 2HFRQRPLFD´ LVLPOL NLWDEÕQGD NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU ho \]\ÕO NDGDU |QFH RUPDQ YH \DEDQ KD\DWÕQ \|QHWLPL DPDFÕ\OD RUWD\D DWÕODQ VUGUOHELOLUOLN NDYUDPÕ \]\ÕOÕQ LON \DUÕVÕQGD EDOÕNoÕOÕN LOH LOJLOL RODUDN NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU g]HOOLNOH ¶OX \ÕOODUGD WRSUDN ER]XOPDVÕ YH EXQXQ |QOHQPHVL LoLQ WDUÕPGD VUGUOHELOLU WRSUDN LúOHPH \|QWHPOHUL ile ilgili WDUWÕúPDODUEDúODWPÕúWÕU 9HKNDPlNL

(19) Dyllick ve Hockerts (2002:

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(34) GH÷LúLPVUHFLJLELoRNoHúLWOLDQODPODUGDGúQOPúWU *ODGZLQYe dL÷HUOHUL, 1995: 877). 3ÕUQDU

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(42) HGLOPHGL÷L YH HúLWOLN DGDOHW YH GHPRNUDVL NDYUDPODUÕQÕ LoHUHQ WRSOXPVDO ELU NDONÕQPDNDYUDPÕROXúWXUXOPDGÕ÷Õ 2. 0RGHUQ WRSOXP \DúDPÕQGD WNHWLP NOWUQQ VRUJXODQPDGÕ÷Õ YH LQVDQL JHUHNVLQLPOHULQ WRSOXPVDO LUDGH WDUDIÕQGDQ EHOLUOHQGL÷L \HQL ELU VRV\DO \DSÕODQPDROXúWXUXOPDGÕ÷Õ 3. .UHVHOOHúPHQLQ LQVDQOÕ÷D GD\DWWÕ÷Õ \HQL V|PU ELoLPLQLQ NDoÕQÕOPD] ELU VRQXFX RODQ HúLWVL]OL÷LQ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕOPDGÕ÷Õ VUHFH JHUoHN DQODPGa NUHVHO ELU VUGUOHELOLU oHYUH SROLWLNDVÕ ROXúWXUXODPD\DFDN JQP]GH \DúDQDQ HNRORMLN YH oHYUHVHO VRUXQODUÕQ ER\XWODUÕ DUWDUDN oR÷DODFDNWÕU 7RUXQR÷OX2003). Tosun (2001: 290), VUGUOHELOLU NDONÕQPDGD o DQD XQVXUXQ |QH oÕNWÕ÷ÕQÕ belirtmektedir: %LULQFLVL úX DQ J|] DUGÕ HGLOVH GH X]XQ YDGHOL ELU oHYUH NRUXPD VWUDWHMLVLROPDVÕLNLQFLVLNXúDNODUDUDVÕYHNXúDNODULoLQGHGHQJHOLELUUHIDKVHYL\HVL |QHUPHVL oQF RODUDN GD JHOLúPH G]H\OHUL YH VL\DVL NRúXOODUÕQD EDNÕOPDNVÕ]ÕQ HYUHQVHORODUDNWPONHOHULoLQJHoHUOLELUUHoHWHROPDVÕGÕU *ODGYLQ YH GL÷HUOHUL 878-879), VUGUOHELOLU NDONÕQPDQÕQ LQVDQ JHOLúLPLQLQ NDSVD\ÕFÕ ED÷OD\ÕFÕ DGLO JYHQOL YH LKWL\DWOÕ ELU úHNLOGH VD÷ODQPDVÕ VUHFL ROGX÷XQX YH VUGUOHELOLU JHOLúPHQLQ DúD÷ÕGDNL EHú ELOHúHQGHQ ROXúWX÷XQX LIDGHHWPLúOHUGLU x .DSVD\ÕFÕOÕN 6UGUOHELOLUOL÷LQKHPoHYUH\LKHPLQVDQÕKHP\DNÕQÕKHP X]D÷Õ KHP EXJQ KHP JHOHFH÷L NXFDNODGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPHNWHGLU 6UGUOHELOLUOL÷LQ LQVDQL ER\XWX NUHVHO oHYUH GH÷LúLPLQLQ QIXV GH÷LúLPLQLQ HNRQRPLN E\PHQLQ WHNQRORMLN GH÷LúLPLQ SROLWLN YH HNRQRPLNNXUXOXúODUÕQLQDQÕúYHGDYUDQÕúODUÕQLQVDQND\QDNOÕLWLFLJoOHULQL NDSVDPDOÕGÕU 6UGUOHELOLUOLN HNRORMLN ER\XWXQ |WHVLQGH VRV\DO YH HNRQRPLNER\XWODUÕGDNDSVD\ÕFÕKDOHJHOPLúWLU x %D÷OD\ÕFÕOÕN ELUOHúLNOLN

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(55) ùHNLO ho'DLUH0RGHOL. Kaynak: Aksu, 2011, s. 6. 8.

(56) 1.1.2.6UGUOHELOLUOLN YH 6UGUOHELOLU .DONÕQPD LOH øOJLOL gQHPOL *HOLúPHOHU ùHNLO 2: 6UGUOHELOLU.DONÕQPDLOHøOJLOLgQHPOL*HOLúPHOHUYHdÕNWÕODUÕ 6WRFNKROPdHYUH 1972. 1974. %\PHQLQ6ÕQÕUODUÕ Raporu. .RQIHUDQVÕ. Akdeniz Eylem WůĂŶŦ. 1987. Brundtland Raporu. x Rio Bildirgesi x *QGHP x øNOLP'H÷LúLNOL÷LdHUoHYH 6|]OHúPHVL. Rio 1992. <ŽŶĨĞƌĂŶƐŦ. x %L\RORMLNdHúLWOLOL÷LQ .RUXQPDVÕ6|]OHúPHVL x 2UPDQ9DUOÕ÷ÕQÕQ. Kyoto. .RUXQPDVÕQD'DLU%LOGLUL. 1997 WƌŽƚŽŬŽůƺ. 2000. ŝŶǇŦů<ĂůŬŦŶŵĂ Zirvesi. 2002. 2012. x Johannesburg Deklarasyonu x Johannesburg Uygulama 3ODQÕ. ƺŶǇĂ^ƺƌĚƺƌƺůĞďŝůŝƌ <ĂůŬŦŶŵĂŝƌǀĞƐŝ. Kurumsal ^ƺƌĚƺƌƺůĞďŝůŝƌůŝŬŝƌǀĞƐŝ. Kaynak: Aksu, WHPHODOÕQDUDNG]HQOHQPLúWLU. 9.

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(73) x. Rio Bildirgesi <LUPL\HGLLONHGHQROXúDQEXELOGLULVUGUOHELOLUNDONÕQPD\DLOLúNLQJHQHOELU. oHUoHYH ROXúWXUPXúWXU dHYUH NRUXQPDVÕQÕQ NDONÕQPD VUHFLQH GDKLO HGLOPHVL LQVDQODU DUDVÕQGDNL HúLWVL]OL÷LQ D]DOWÕOPDVÕ GHYOHWOHULQ YH NLúLOHULQ ELUELUOHUL\OH LOLúNLOHUL GHYOHW YH YDWDQGDúÕQ VUHFH GDKLO ROPDVÕQÕQ |QHPLQH YH QHOHU \DSPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQH LOLúNLQ WDDKKWOHU RUWD\D NR\DQ oRN |QHPOL ELU VL\DVL EHOJHGLU %LUOHúPLú Milletler, 1992).. x. *QGHP 5LR .RQIHUDQVÕ¶QÕQ WHPHO oÕNWÕVÕ RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHQ *QGHP ³øQVDQOÕN. WDULKLELUG|QPQRNWDVÕQGDGÕU´LIDGHVLLOHDoÕOPÕúWÕU*QGHPoHYUHYHNDONÕQPD VRUXQODUÕ\ODEDúDoÕNÕOPDVÕ YHVUGUOHELOLUNDONÕQPDKHGHILQHXODúÕOPDVÕDPDFÕ\OD belirlenen ilke ve eylemleri ortaya ko\PXúWXU.DONÕQPDYHoHYUHLúELUOL÷LQGHNUHVHO X]ODúPDQÕQ |QHPLQH GLNNDW oHNHQ UDSRU oÕNÕú \ROX RODUDN ³NUHVHO RUWDNOÕN´ NDYUDPÕQÕRUWD\DDWPÕúWÕU (PUHDOS

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