Tüketicide Sağlığını Koruma Bilinci ve Satın Alma Noktasında Tüketici Tutumları (Ambalajlı Gıda Ürünleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma)
Tam metin
(2) !#"$ &%'$ (*)!) !+!-,-./0(1 . 7h.(7ø&ø'(6$ö/,ö,1,.2580$%ø/ø1&ø9(6$7,1$/0$ 12.7$6,1'$7h.(7ø&ø78780/$5,$0%$/$-/,*,'$h5h1/(5ø h=(5ø1(%ø5$5$ù7,50$ øNEDO$.68/82 34 . . g=(7. *ÕGD UQOHUL WNHWLFLOHULQ ]RUXQOX LKWL\DoODUÕ LoLQGH LON VÕUD\Õ DOPDNWD YH JHOLU G]H\LQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN DLOH KDUFDPD EWoHVL LoLQGHNL |QHPL GH÷LúLN RUDQODUGD RUWD\D oÕNPDNWDGÕU *HOLU G]H\LQLQ DOW NDWPDQODUÕQD LQLOGLNoH KDUFDPDODU LoLQGHNL SD\Õ \NVHOPHNWHGLU %XQXQ \DQÕQGD WNHWLFLOHULQ H÷LWLP YH JHOLU G]H\L \NVHOGLNoH EX UQOHUL WNHWLP ELOLQFL JLGHUHN DUWPDNWDGÕU %X H÷LOLPOHU LúOHWPHOHULQ |]HOOLNOH UQH LOLúNLQ NDUDUODUÕQÕ \DNÕQGDQ HWNLOHPHNWHGLU %X oDOÕúPDGD WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQH\|QHOLNWNHWLPNDUDUÕQÕELOLQoOLRODUDNYHULSYHUPHGL÷LQLYHUQHLOLúNLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQLS LOJLOHQPHGL÷LQL YH EDúOÕFD UQ |]HOOLNOHULQL QDVÕO DOJÕODGÕ÷ÕRUWD\DoÕNDUWÕOPD\DoDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU. $QDKWDU .HOLPHOHU 7XWXP $OJÕODPD %HVOH\LFLOLN 'H÷HUL .DWNÕ 0DGGHOHUL 6D÷OÕ÷Õ.RUXPD%LOLQFL *LULú. *ÕGD UQOHUL LQVDQODUÕQ EL\RORMLN RODUDN YDUOÕNODUÕQÕ VUGUPHOHUL LoLQ WNHWLPL ]RUXQOX RODQ WHPHO LKWL\Do PDGGHOHULQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU %X QHGHQOH WNHWLPKDUFDPDODUÕLoLQGHJHOLUHED÷OÕRODUDNRUDQVDOE\NO÷QGHIDUNOÕOÕNODU ROVDELOH|QHPOLELU\HUWXWPDNWDGÕUøQVDQODUÕQJHUHN\DúDPODUÕLoLQ]RUXQOXOXN ROPDVÕ JHUHNVH GH EWoHOHULQGH |QHPOL ELU \HU WXWDQ KDUFDPD QRNWDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPDVÕ QHGHQL\OH EX UQOHULQ WNHWLPLQH LOLúNLQ GX\DUOÕOÕN G]H\OHULQLQ \NVHNROGX÷XQXV|\OHPHNPPNQGU$\UÕFDH÷LWLPG]H\LQGHYHJHOLUGHNL DUWÕúODUÕQ EX GX\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ GDKD GD KÕ]ODQGÕUGÕ÷Õ YH ELOLQoOHQPH G]H\L JHOLúWLNoH VD÷OÕNOÕNDOLWHOLYHX]XQ\DúDPEHNOHQWLVLQLQWNHWLFL\LGDKDELOLQoOLVHoLPHYH WNHWLPH\|QOHQGLUGL÷LV|\OHQHELOLU (÷LOLPOHUH EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD JHOHFHNWH WP \Dú JUXSODUÕQGDNL WNHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕNOÕEHVOHQPH\HGDKDoRN|QHPYHUHFH÷LYHJQP]GHNLQGHQGDKDELOLQoOL YH ELOJLOL RODFD÷Õ NROD\FD WDKPLQ HGLOHELOLU %X ELOLQoOHQPH VRQXFXQGD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ LoLQGH EXOXQDQ UHQNOHQGLULFLOHU NRUX\XFX YH WDWODQGÕUÕFÕ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL \NVHN RUDQOÕ WX] \D÷ YH NROHVWURO JLEL XQVXUODUD NDUúÕ GDKD ID]OD GLUHQo J|VWHUHFHN EXQODUÕQ \HULQH GDKD GR÷DO NDWNÕVÕ] YH EHVOH\LFL UQOHUL WNHWPH\L WHUFLK HGHFHNWLU /D]HU YG
(3) gUQH÷LQ GúN NDORULOL \L\HFHNOHU LoHFHNOHU \D÷VÕ] HW YH VW UQOHUL NROHVWURO G]H\L GúN PDUJDULQOHUNRUX\XFXVX]YHNDWNÕVÕ]NRQVHUYHOHQPLú\L\HFHNOHUYE 567 'Ro'U'(høø%)øúOHWPH%|OP%XFDø=0ø5. . .
(4) #8-90: ;8 < < 7NHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD\D YH \DúDP NDOLWHVLQL \NVHOWPH\H \|QHOLN H÷LOLPOHUL LúOHWPHOHULQ \HQL UQOHU JHOLúWLUPH YH PHYFXW UQOHUL ]HULQGH GH÷LúLNOLNOHU \DSPD JLEL UQ NDUDUODUÕQÕ \DNÕQGDQ HWNLOHPHNWHGLU 'H÷LúHQLKWL\DoODUYHWHUFLKOHUGR÷UXOWXVXQGDSD]DUODPDIDDOL\HWOHULQL\UWPHN SD]DUD X\XP \NVHN G]H\GH WNHWLFL WDWPLQL YH UHNDEHW JF HOGH HWPH DoÕVÕQGDQJQP]GHoRN|QHPOLGLUDQFDNJHOHFHNWHGDKDGD|QHPOLRODFDNWÕU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕ. %X DUDúWÕUPDQÕQ DPDFÕQÕ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ WPQQ VD÷OÕNOÕ ELU ELoLPGHUHWLOGL÷LDPEDODMODQGÕ÷Õ\HWHUOLELOJL\LLoHUHFHNELoLPGHHWLNHWOHQGL÷L YH WNHWLPH VXQXOGX÷X YDUVD\ÕPÕQGDQ KDUHNHWOH WNHWLFLQLQ ELOLQoOL ELU ELoLPGH WNHWLS WNHWPHGL÷LQL WNHWLUNHQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD ELOLQFL LoLQGH KDUHNHW HGLS HWPHGL÷LQL UQOHULQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL\OH \HWHULQFH LOJLOHQLS LOJLOHQPHGL÷LQL YH JÕGD UQOHULQH LOLúNLQ EDúOÕFD |]HOOLNOHUL QDVÕO DOJÕODGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\DNR\PDNWÕU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ<|QWHPL. %HOLUWLOHQDPDFÕJHUoHNOHúWLUPHNDoÕVÕQGDQHQX\JXQ\|QWHPRODUDNDQNHW \|QWHPL VHoLOPLú YH DQNHWH NDWÕODQODUD NRQX\D LOLúNLQ RODUDN oRN VHoHQHNOL VRUXODU\|QHOWLOPLúWLU. $QNHW X\JXODPDVÕ ø]PLU GHNL E\N VSHUPDUNHWWH YH NROD\GD |UQHNOHPH \|QWHPLQH J|UH VHoLOHQ |UQHN ]HULQGH JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU $QNHWH NDWÕODQODUÕQ NDGÕQ VÕ HUNHNWLU gUQHN NWOHQLQ GL÷HU GHPRJUDILN|]HOOLNOHULLVHDúD÷ÕGDNLJLELGLU . . <Dú'D÷ÕOÕPÕ. . . . . . . \Dú \Dú \Dú. (÷LWLP']H\L. *HOLU'D÷ÕOÕPÕ. $LOHD\OÕNWRSODP
(5) . YH]HUL. . øONRNXO. . <NVHN2NXO. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. . 2UWD/LVH. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. . PLO\RQ 7/\H NDGDU. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. .
(6) =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. . . . . . . . $LOH7U. dDOÕúPD'XUXPX. . PLO\RQYH]HUL. . dRFXNVX]$LOH. . dRFXNOX$LOH. . <DOQÕ]<DúD\DQODU. . dDOÕúÕ\RU. . dDOÕúPÕ\RU. $UDúWÕUPD%XOJXODUÕYH'H÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU 7NHWLFLQLQ $PEDODMOÕ *ÕGD hUQOHULQLQ %HVOH\LFLOLN 'H÷HUL LOH øOJLOHQPH']H\OHULQHøOLúNLQ'H÷HUOHQGLUPH . 7DEOR YHULOHUL GLNNDWH DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD |UQHN WRSODPÕQÕQ \DNODúÕN \DUÕVÕQÕQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH oRN LOJLOL ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU %X RUDQ ELUD] LOJLOL RODQODUÕQ NDWÕOÕPÕ\OD \DNODúÕN H oÕNPDNWDGÕU $%' GH NLúL ]HULQGH \DSÕODQ EHQ]HU ELU DUDúWÕUPDGD EX RUDQ RODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ EX DUDúWÕUPDGDQ \ÕO |QFH JHUoHNOHúWLULOGL÷L J|] |QQH DOÕQDFDN ROXUVD $PHULNDQ WRSOXPXQGDNL ELUH\OHULQ GDKD GX\DUOÕ ROGXNODUÕ V|\OHQHELOLU )DUU
(7) . . 7DEOR7NHWLFLQLQhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL . øOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL dRNøOJLOL %LUD]øOJLOL øOJLVL] )LNLU%HOLUWPH\HQ 7RSODP. )UHNDQV . %X GH÷HUOHU VRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHU LOH LOLúNLOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH DúD÷ÕGDNLVRQXoODUEXOXQPXúWXU. 7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHUhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH øOLúNLVL 6RV\R'HPRJUDILN%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOH g]HOOLNOHU øOJLOHQPHFJ 'H÷HUL. &LQVL\HW $LOH7U <Dú (÷LWLP dDOÕúPD'XUXPX *HOLU . . øOLúNL<RN ')g'
(8) øOLúNL9DU ')g'
(9) øOLúNL9DU ')g'
(10) gQHPVL] ')g'
(11) gQHPVL] ')g'
(12) gQHPVL] ')g'
(13) . .
(14) #8-90: ;8 < < 7DEORYHULOHULVRV\RGHPRJUDILN|]HOOLNOHUGHQDLOHWUYH\DúÕQJÕGD UQQQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQPHGH EHOLUOH\LFL GH÷LúNHQOHUL ROXúWXUGX÷XQX GL÷HU GH÷LúNHQOHUH J|UH WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕQ IDUNOÕODúPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU %X LNL DQODPOÕ GH÷LúNHQ LWLEDUL\OH WDEOR GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUL DúD÷ÕGDNLJLELGLU 7DEOR$LOH7UhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPHøOLúNLVL. KL M NFOP'QP RSl-m-T V m R Sl-m-T#^-m\ `&[-V e!n \ aBS-b-V [-c. %HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL. RS-TIU V WX V X _:Z d-T#[-e^gf . . YBX Z [\]U V WX V X _Z d-T#[-e^hf . . U V WX ^-X \ _:Z d-T [0e^if . . _:X T Z X/`&S-T _:Z d-T#[-e^jf . . a&S-b-V [-c _:Z d-T#[-e^kf . . *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN |]HOOL÷L LOH LOJLOHQPH G]H\L DLOHQLQ oRFXNOX ROXS ROPDPDVÕQD \DGD NLúLQLQ \DOQÕ] \DúD\ÕS \DúDPDGÕ÷ÕQD J|UH IDUNOÕODúDQ ELU GH÷HUH VDKLS EXOXQPXúWXU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQD J|UH oRFXNOX DLOHOHULQ JÕGD UQQQ EHVOH\LFLOLN |]HOOL÷L LOH GDKD ID]OD LOJLOHQGL÷L NLúLQLQ \DOQÕ] \DúDPDVÕQÕQ LOJLOHQPH G]H\LQL GúUG÷ VRQXoODUÕQD YDUÕOPÕúWÕU gUQH÷LQ oRFXNOX DLOHOHULQ L oRN LOJLOL ROGXNODUÕQÕ DoÕNODUNHQ EX RUDQ oRFXNVX] DLOHOHUGH H \DOQÕ] \DúDPD GXUXPXQGD \H GúPHNWHGLU 7DEOR
(15) . $PEDODMOÕ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQPH YH \Dú IDNW|UDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNLDoÕVÕQGDQLVHúXEXOJXODUHOGHHGLOPLúWLU 7DEOR<Dú)DNW|UhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPHøOLúNLVL. o
(16) p0q. . 0 0 ! 0 - 0 -I F} Bs--v {-. %HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL. rs-tIu v wx v x yBx z {|]u v wx v x u v wx }-x | ~:x t z x/&s-t Bs--v {- ~:z -t#{-} ~:z -t#{-} ~z -t#{-} ~z -t#{-} ~:z -t#{-} . . . . . . . . . *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQPH G]H\LQLQ HQ \NVHN ROGX÷X\DúJUXEX \DúJUXEXWNHWLFLOHUGLU'DKDVRQUD LVH \Dú JUXEX\HUDOPDNWDGÕU*HQoYH\DúOÕJUXSWNHWLFLOHULQLOJLOHQPHG]H\OHULQLQEX LNL JUXED J|UH GDKD GúN ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU <LQH EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOLRODUDNLOJLVL]ROGX÷XQXDoÕNOD\DQODURUDQÕQÕQEXLNLJUXSWDHQ\NVHN ROGX÷XVRQXFXJ|UOPHNWHGLU 7DEOR
(17) . . .
(18) . =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. $LOH GXUXPX LOH \Dú IDNW|U ELUOLNWH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH \Dú JUXEX WNHWLFLOHULQ NoN oRFXNOX DLOHOHUGHQ ROXúPDVÕ RODVÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ\OD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQ HQ \NVHN ROGX÷XJUXEXQEXJUXSROPDVÕVRQXFXúDúÕUWÕFÕROPD\DFDNWÕU $PEDODMOÕ*ÕGDhUQOHULQGH7NHWLFLQLQ(QgQHPOL*|UG÷ %HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUXLOHøOJLOL'H÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU. *ÕGDUQOHULQLQEHVOH\LFLOLNGH÷HULLOHLOJLOHQGL÷LQLEHOLUWHQ|UQH÷H HQ |QHPOL J|UG÷ EHVOH\LFLOLN XQVXUXQXQ QH ROGX÷X VRUXOPXúWXU 7DEOR GH÷HUOHULQHJ|UHWNHWLFLQLQDPEDODMOÕJÕGDUQOHULQGHEXOXQPDVÕQÕLVWHGL÷LHQ |QHPOL|]HOOL÷LQWD]HOLNYHGR÷DOOÕNROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLUøNLQFL|QHPOLXQVXU LVH YLWDPLQ YH PLQHUDO ELOHúLPL RODUDN VDSWDQPÕúWÕU hoQF VÕUDGD |QHPOL XQVXU LVH NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ YH NRUX\XFX PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDPDVÕGÕU gUQH÷LQ WDW YH NRNX PDGGHOHUL UHQNOHQGLULFLOHU DVLW G]HQOH\LFLOHU HPOJDW|UOHU DQWLPLNUREL\DOOHU NRUX\XFXODU YH DQWLRNVLGDQODU JLEL
(19) %X XQVXUODUGDQ LON LNLVL WNHWLFLQLQ UQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHGL÷L GL÷HUL LVH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L |]HOOLNOHUGLU 7NHWLFLQLQ HWLNHW ELOJLVLQH EDúYXUPD GX\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ NRQXVXQGD \DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDGDQ HOGH HGLOHQ WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ]HULQGHNLHWLNHWELOJLVLQGHQHQoRNUHWLPYHVRQNXOODQPDWDULKLQH |QHP YHUGL÷L VRQXFX GLNNDWH DOÕQDFDN ROXUVD EX VRQXFXQ ELULQFL GHUHFHGH |QHPOLJ|UOHQWD]HOLN|]HOOL÷LQHELUNDQÕWROXúWXUDELOHFH÷LV|\OHQHELOLU $NVXOX
(20) 7DEOR(QgQHPOL*|UOHQ%HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUODUÕ. %HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUODUÕ )UHNDQV gQHP']H\L D9LWDPLQYH0LQHUDO%LOHúLPL E7X]2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷ FùHNHU2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷ G<D÷2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷ H.LP\DVDO.DWNÕYH .RUX\XFXPDGGHOHULQ%XOXQPDPDVÕ I.DORULVLQLQ'úNO÷ J7D]HOLN'R÷DOOÕN K3URWHLQ'H÷HULQLQ <NVHNOL÷L L.DUERQKLGUDWøoHUL÷L M/LILoHUL÷LYH]HQJLQOL÷L Q . 7DEOR VRQXoODUÕ D\UÕFD LQVDQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ WHKGLW HGHQ WX] úHNHU YH \D÷ RUDQÕQÕQ\NVHNROPDVÕQÕQWNHWLFLOHUWDUDIÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLJ|UOPHGL÷LQLOLILQ YHOLIOLEHVLQOHULQ\DUDUÕQÕQID]ODELOLQPHPHVLQHGHQL\OH|QHPOLJ|UOPHGL÷LQL RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU +DOEXNL %DWÕ WRSOXPODUÕQGD WNHWLFLOHUGH GR÷DO OLIOHUH \|QHOPH H÷LOLPL JHUHN VD÷OÕ÷Õ NRUXPD JHUHNVH GH HVWHWLN DoÕGDQ
(21) JLGHUHN DUWPDNWDGÕU%L]GHLVHEXNDYUDP\HQL\HQL\HUOHúPH\HEDúODPÕúWÕU. . .
(22) #8-90: ;8 < < $PEDODMOÕ*ÕGDhUQOHULQGH%XOXQDELOHQg]HOOLNOHUHøOLúNLQ7NHWLFL 7XWXPODUÕQÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL. 7DEORODUGDNL YHULOHU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L YH VD÷OÕ÷Õ DoÕVÕQGDQ FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UG÷ LON |]HOOLN UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDVÕGÕU %D]Õ UQOHULQ VDQD\LGH UHWLPL LoLQ EHOLUOL úDUWODU DOWÕQGD UDG\DV\RQOD LúOHP J|UPHVL JHUHNHELOLU$QFDNWNHWLFLKDQJLNRúXOODUDOWÕQGDNXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕQJHUHNWL÷LQLYH KDQJL G]H\GHQ ID]ODVÕQÕQ VD÷OÕ÷Õ DoÕVÕQGDQ ULVN ROXúWXUGX÷XQX ELOPHGL÷L LoLQ UDG\DV\RQJÕGDUQOHULQGHEXOXQPDVÕQÕLVWHPHGL÷LYHVD÷OÕ÷ÕDoÕVÕQGDQWHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UG÷ |]HOOLN RODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU 5DG\RDNWLYLWH |]HOOLNOH QNOHHUVDQWUDOSDWODPDODUÕQÕQPHG\DGD\HUDOPDVÕ\ODWNHWLFLQLQoRNGX\DUOÕ ROGX÷XELUV|]FNWU 7DEOR*ÕGDhUQOHULQLQg]HOOLNOHULQH<|QHOLN7NHWLFL7XWXPODUÕ. . g]HOOLNOHU D.ROHVWHURO E<D÷ODU F7X]2UDQÕ G ¤ ] '! ]¡0¢ £ . ¥-¥! ¦ ¢. &LGGLELU 7HKOLNHGLU. )UH . %LUD] 7HKOLNHOLGLU. )UH . 7HKOLNHOL )LNLU 'H÷LOGLU%HOLUWPH\HQ. )UH . )UH . HùHNHU2UDQÕ I5HQNOHQGLULFL .DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL J5DG\RDNWLI 0DGGHOHU Q <XNDUÕGDNL WDEOR YHULOHUL NXOODQÕODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLUPHQLQ GDKD QHWOHúPHVLQLVD÷OD\DELOPHNLoLQDúD÷ÕGDNLWDEORG]HQOHQPLúWLU 7DEOR*ÕGDhUQOHULQLQg]HOOLNOHULQH<|QHOLN7NHWLFL7XWXPODUÕQÕQ gQHP']H\OHUL. g]HOOLNOHU &7&7%77')< D.ROHVWHURO E<D÷ODU F7X]2UDQÕ G.DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX0DGGHOHU HùHNHU2UDQÕ I5HQNOHQGLULFL.DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL J5DG\RDNWLI0DGGHOHU . &7&LGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕOD\DQODU&7%77HKOLNHOLRODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQWRSODPÕ7'7HKOLNHOLRODUDNJ|UPH\HQOHU)<)LNLUEHOLUWPH\HQOHU
(23) . . .
(24) . =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. øNLQFL FLGGL WHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UOHQ |]HOOLN LVH .ROHVWHURO G]H\LGLU .ROHVWHURO JHUHN NDOS YH GDPDU KDVWDOÕNODUÕ\OD RODQ LOLúNLVLQLQ PHG\DGD KDEHU RODUDN \HU DOPDVÕ YH JHUHNVH ED]Õ PDUJDULQ YH VÕYÕ \D÷ UHNODPODUÕQGDDQDWHPDRODUDNNXOODQÕOPDVÕGROD\ÕVÕ\ODWNHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQFLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODQPDNWDGÕU $QFDN EX |]HOOLNOH LOJLOL RODUDN ILNLU EHOLUWPH\HQ RUDQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ GLNNDW oHNLFLGLU $QNHWH NDWÕODQODUÕQ LQGHQ ID]ODVÕ EX |]HOOL÷LQ QH LIDGH HWWL÷LQL ELOPHGLNOHULQL YH EX QHGHQOH KHUKDQJLELU ILNLUOHULQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPLúOHUGLU *HUoHNWH NROHVWHURO \DúDP LoLQ ]RUXQOX ELU PDGGHGLU YH LQVDQODU QRUPDO EHVOHQPHOHUL VÕUDVÕQGD |QHPOL PLNWDUGD NROHVWHURO GÕúDUÕGDQ DOÕUODU +D\YDQVDO \D÷ODUGD GR\PXú
(25) ID]OD ELWNLVHO VÕYÕ
(26) \D÷ODUGD GR\PDPÕú
(27) D]EXOXQXU6D÷OÕNLoLQJHUHNOLRODQPLNWDUÕQ ]HULQGH DOÕQDQ NROHVWHURO ULVN \DUDWÕU 7DEOR YH LOH LOJLOL JHQHO ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕODFDN ROXUVD UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHU HQ ]DUDUOÕ EXOXQDQ |]HOOLNWLU.ROHVWHUROGHUHFHHQ]DUDUOÕEXOXQDQDQFDNHQID]ODELOLQPH\HQ YHILNLU\UWOPH\HQ|]HOOLNRODUDNJ|UOPHNWHGLU(QWHKOLNHOLJ|UOPH\HQ LVHJÕGDUQQQLoLQGHNLúHNHUG]H\LGLU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQÕQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQLQ ELU VRQUDNL DúDPDVÕQGD VRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHUGHNL IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ WXWXPODU ]HULQGH ELU HWNLVLQLQ EXOXQXS EXOXQPDGÕ÷Õ RUWD\D NRQXOPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕú YH NROHVWHURO NRQXVXQGD úX VRQXoODUHOGHHGLOPLúWLU 7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU.ROHVWHUROg]HOOL÷LQH<|QHOLN7XWXPODU øOLúNLVL 6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU .ROHVWHUROg]HOOL÷LQHøOLúNLQ F
(28) § 7XWXPODU 'H÷HUL. &LQVL\HW ')g'
(29) $LOH7U ')g'
(30) <Dú ')g'
(31) (÷LWLP ')g'
(32) dDOÕúPD'XUXPX *HOLU ')g'
(33) . øOLúNL<RN. . øOLúNL<RN. . øOLúNL9DU. . øOLúNL9DU. . øOLúNL$UDQPDGÕ øOLúNL9DU. . 7DEOR ¶LQ GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQH J|UH NROHVWHUROH LOLúNLQ WXWXPODUÕQ \DúD ED÷OÕ RODUDN GH÷LúWL÷L \Dú YH ]HUL JUXSWD FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕQÕQ LQ]HULQHoÕNWÕ÷ÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU \DúJUXEX WRSODPÕQÕQ YH]HUL\DúJUXEXWRSODPÕQÕQ LNROHVWHUROFLGGLELU WHKOLNHRODUDNJ|UGNOHULQLEHOLUWPLúOHUGLU
(34) 7HUVLQHWHKOLNHOLGH÷LOGLUELoLPLQGH DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQ RUDQÕ HQ \NVHN RODUDN \Dú JUXEXQD DLWWLU \Dú. . .
(35) #8-90: ;8 < < JUXEXQXQ VL WHKOLNHOL EXOPDGÕNODUÕQÕ EHOLUWPLú EX RUDQ VÕUD LOH GL÷HU \Dú JUXSODUÕLoLQ GU
(36) . 7XWXPODUÕQ IDUNOÕODúWÕ÷Õ GL÷HU ELU IDNW|U H÷LWLP G]H\LGLU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQDJ|UHH÷LWLPG]H\L\NVHOGLNoHNROHVWHUROQFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN DOJÕODQPD RUDQÕ \NVHOPHNWHGLU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH EX RUDQ RUWD OLVH G]H\LQGH YH \NVHN RNXO G]H\LQGH EXOXQPXúWXU
(37) $\UÕFD EX NRQX\D LOLúNLQ ELOJLVLQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWHQ WRSODP NLúLQLQ L
(38) LONRNXO G]H\LQGH H÷LWLPH VDKLSWLU $UDúWÕUPD VRQXoODUÕ NROHVWHUROH LOLúNLQ WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕQ JHOLUH J|UH GH IDUNOÕODúWÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU *HOLULQ DOWG]H\OHULQGHFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕLNHQRUWDJHOLU G]H\LQGHEXRUDQVWJHOLUG]H\LQGHLVHRODUDNEXOXQPXúWXU*HOLU \Dú YH H÷LWLP DUDVÕQGD SR]LWLI ELU LOLúNLQLQ EXOXQDELOHFH÷L YDUVD\ÕPÕQD GD\DOÕ RODUDNEXVRQXoDQODPOÕNDEXOHGLOHELOLU. &LGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕODQPDRUDQÕGDKDGúN YHVÕUDGD
(39) RODQ \D÷ODU NRQXVXQGD NÕVD ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕODFDN ROXUVD VRV\R GHPRJUDILN |]HOOLN IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQ WNHWLFLOHUGH WXWXP IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ ¨ \DUDWPDGÕ÷Õ \DSÕODQF WHVW|OoPOHULQGHEXLNLGH÷LúNHQDUDVÕQGDDQODPOÕ NDEXOHGLOHELOHFHNLOLúNLEXOXQDPDPÕúWÕU
(40) V|\OHQHELOLU<LQHVRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHU LOH WX] RUDQÕ DUDVÕQGD LOLúNL DUDQGÕ÷ÕQGD EX GH÷LúNHQOHUGHQ¨ VDGHFH \DúLOHDQODPOÕELULOLúNLQLQEXOXQGX÷XVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU F GH÷HUL ')g'
(41) (QDOW\DúJUXEXQGDFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNJ|UHQOHULQ RUDQÕLNHQEXRUDQHQVW\DúJUXEXQGDRODUDNEXOXQPXúWXU*ÕGD PDGGHOHULQGH EXOXQDELOHQ NDWNÕ YH NRUX\XFX PDGGHOHU LOH LOJLOL ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD WNHWLFLQLQ UQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L YH VD÷OÕ÷ÕDoÕVÕQGDQWHKGLWXQVXUXRODUDNVÕUDGD\HUYHUGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU *QP] JÕGD VDQD\LLQGH UQ UHWLPL YH VD÷OÕNOÕ RODUDN VDNODQDELOPHVL DoÕVÕQGDQ ED]Õ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ NXOODQÕPÕ ]RUXQOX RODUDN J|UOPHNWHGLU dQN EX PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD UQH \HUOHúHQ PLNURSODUÕQ WRNVLN HWNLVL LQVDQ \DúDPÕQÕ WHKGLW HGHFHNWLU $\UÕFD NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ NDOLWH J|UQP YH OH]]HW JLEL |]HOOLNOHULQL GH JHOLúWLUGL÷L JÕGD UHWLPL NRQXVXQGDNL X]PDQODUFD EHOLUWLOPHNWHGLU %HOLUWLOHQ QHGHQOHUOHEHOLUOLVÕQÕUODUGD NLEXVÕQÕUODULoLQGHNXOODQÕPÕ)$2YH:+2JLEL XOXVODUDUDVÕ NXUXOXúODUFD |QHULOPHNWH YH XOXVDO YH XOXVODUDUDVÕ VWDQGDUWODUOD EHOLUOHQPHNWHGLU
(42) EX NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQ NXOODQÕPÕ KHP VD÷OÕN KHP GH WHNQLN DoÕGDQ JHUHNOLGLU YH JÕGD WHNQRORMLVLQLQ |QHPOL ELU SDUoDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU $OWX÷
(43) 7NHWLFLQLQJÕGDUQOHULQGHNLNDWNÕYHNRUX\XFXPDGGHOHUNRQXVXQGD WXWXPODUÕLQFHOHQGL÷LQGHDQNHWHNDWÕODQODUÕQ VLQLQFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN J|UGNOHUL RUWD\D oÕNPÕúWÕU *ÕGD UQOHULQGHNL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQH LOLúNLQ. . .
(44) . =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕ LQFHOH\HQ ELU EDúND DUDúWÕUPD GD EHQ]HU VRQXoODUÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU $OWX÷(OPDFÕ
(45) 7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU.DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX0DGGH g]HOOL÷LQH<|QHOLN7XWXPODUøOLúNLVL. 6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU .DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX 0DGGHOHUHøOLVNLQ7XWXPODU &LQVL\HW øOLúNL\RN ')g'
(46) $LOH7U øOLúNL\RN ')g'
(47) <Dú øOLúNL\RN ')g'
(48) (÷LWLP øOLúNL9DU ')g'
(49) dDOÕúPD'XUXPX øOLúNL$UDQPDGÕ *HOLU øOLúNL9DU ')g'
(50) . ¨. F
(51) 'H÷HUL . 7DEOR ¶GDNL EXOJXODU H÷LWLP G]H\LQLQ WXWXPODUÕ GH÷LúWLUGL÷LQL FLQVL\HW\Dú YHDLOHWUQQWXWXPIDUNOÕODúPDVÕQD\RODoPDGÕ÷ÕQÕYH JHOLULOH RODQ LOLúNLQLQ VDSWDQPÕú ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH JoO ELU LOLúNLQLQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU %X GXUXPGD HQ DQODPOÕ VRQXo H÷LWLP LOH RODQ LOLúNLGLU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH H÷LWLPH VDKLS RODQODUÕQ L NDWNÕ YH NRUX\XFXODUD LOLúNLQ FLGGL ELU WHKOLNHGLU GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQL \DSPÕúWÕU %X JUXSWDNL WNHWLFLOHULQ VL LVH ELOJLOHULQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWHUHN ILNULP \RN GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQL \DSPÕúODUGÕU2UWDOLVHH÷LWLPG]H\LQGHEXGH÷HUOHU GU<NVHN H÷LWLP G]H\LQGH LVH DQNHWH NDWÕODQ ELUH\OHULQ X FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODPDNWDGÕU YH EX JUXEXQ VDGHFH VL ILNLU EHOLUWPHPLúWLU %X VRQXoODU GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHULQH÷LWLPG]H\LQHED÷OÕRODUDNGH÷LúWL÷LQLNDQÕWODPDNWDGÕU. *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ |]HOOLNOHULQGHQ úHNHU RUDQÕ LOH LOJLOL ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD VRV\R GHPRJUDILN GH÷LúNHQOHUGHQ DQODPOÕ J|UOHQOHUDLOHWUYH\DúWÕUdRFXNOXDLOHOHULQ VÕúHNHU\NVHNOL÷LQLFLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODUNHQ oRFXNVX] DLOHOHUGH EX RUDQ \DOQÕ] \DúD\DQODUGDRODUDNVDSWDQPÕúWÕU7HUVLQHWHKOLNHVL]RODUDNDOJÕODPDRUDQÕ \DOQÕ]\DúD\DQODUÕQ LQLROXúWXUXUNHQEXRUDQoRFXNOXDLOHOHUGHRODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU <Dú LOH LOJLOL ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD \DúD J|UH úHNHULQ IDUNOÕ RODUDNDOJÕODQGÕ÷ÕJ|UOPúWU<DúJUXSODUÕLWLEDUL\OHFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕVÕUDVÕ\ODYH GLU. . .
(52) #8-90: ;8 < < &LGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN VÕUDGD \HU YHULOHQ UHQNOHQGLULFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL JÕGD ER\DODUÕ
(53) JÕGD UQOHULQH LVWHQLOHQ UHQN |]HOOLNOHULQL ND]DQGÕUPDN LoLQ VDQD\LGH NXOODQÕPÕQD L]LQ YHULOHQ ED]Õ PDGGHOHUGLU 6XQVHW <HOORZ7DUWUD]LQJLEL
(54) 5HQNOHQGLULFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL LOH VRV\R GHPRJUDILN GH÷LúNHQOHU DUDVÕQGD LOLúNL\L DUDPDN DPDFÕ\OD \DSÕODQ .L .DUH DQDOL]OHUL VXQXFXQGD DQODPOÕ J|UOHQ WHN LOLúNL H÷LWLP LOH NXUXOPXúWXU øONRNXO G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ L RUWD OLVH G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ L YH \NVHN RNXO G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ L EX PDGGHOHUL WHKOLNHOL RODUDN J|UGNOHULQL EHOLUWPLúOHUGLU$\UÕFDILNLUEHOLUWPH\HQOHULQRUDQÕLONRNXOG]H\LQGHHQ\NVHN EXOXQPXúWXU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH RUWD OLVH G]H\LQGH \NVHNRNXO G]H\LQGH
(55) . (Q FLGGL WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODQDQ JÕGD UQOHULQGH UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHULQEXOXQPDVÕLOHLOJLOLGH÷HUOHQGLUPHVRQXFXQDJ|UHVRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHUGHNL IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕ ]HULQGH |QHPOL ELU HWNLVLQLQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ YH WNHWLFLOHULQ oRN |QHPOL RUDQÕQÕQ UDG\RDNWLYLWH\L VD÷OÕNODUÕ DoÕVÕQGDQoRNFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕODGÕNODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU 6RQXo. 7NHWLFLQLQ]RUXQOXLKWL\DoODUÕQÕNDUúÕOD\DQUQOHULoLQGHLONVÕUD\ÕJÕGD UQOHUL DOPDNWDGÕU g]HOOLNOH WRSOX VDWÕQ DOÕPODUÕQ \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ VSHUPDUNHW WU VDWÕQDOPDPHUNH]OHULQGHVDWÕúDVXQXODQEXWUUQOHULQE\NELUE|OPQQ DPEDODMOÕ ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU *ÕGD UQOHULQGH DPEDODM |QHPOL |OoGH NRUXPD YH PRWLYDV\RQ LúOHYLQL \HULQH JHWLULUNHQ ]HULQGHNL HWLNHW LOH WNHWLFLQLQ ELOLQoOL WNHWLPGH EXOXQPD LKWL\DFÕQD FHYDS YHUHFHN ELOJLOHQGLUPH LúOHYLQL GH VD÷ODPÕú ROPDNWDGÕU $PEDODMOÕ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ ]HULQGH WDúÕGÕ÷Õ HWLNHWWHNLUQQLoHUL÷L LOH LOJLOL ELOJLOHU WNHWLFL\L ELUWDUDIWDQ GR÷UX WNHWLPH \|QHOWLUNHQ GL÷HU WDUDIWDQ VD÷OÕNOÕ WNHWLP GROD\ÕVÕ\OD VXoOXOXN GX\JXVXQX RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUPD YH PRUDO HWNLVL QHGHQL\OH SVLNRORMLN WDWPLQL GH VD÷ODPÕú ROPDNWDGÕU dQN QDVÕO NL IL]LNVHO VD÷OÕ÷Õ ROXPVX] HWNLOH\HQ ELU PDGGHQLQ WNHWLPLQGH WNHWLFL SLúPDQOÕN \DGD VXoOXOXN KLVVL GX\X\RUVD WHUVLQH VD÷OÕNOÕ ELUWNHWLPGHEXOXQGX÷XQGDELUKD]GDGX\PXúRODFDNWÕU%XDoÕGDQHWLNHWWHNL |]HOOLNOHLoHULNELOJLVLWNHWLFLGHKHPIL]LNVHOVD÷OÕ÷ÕNRUXPDKHPGHSVLNRORMLN WDWPLQLD\QÕDQGD\HULQHJHWLUPHNWHGLUGHQLOHELOLU. *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ GR÷UX DPEDODMODQPDVÕ YH \HWHUOL ELOJL\L LoHUHQ ELoLPGH HWLNHWOHQPHVLQGH HVDV VRUXPOXOXN ILUPD\D DLWWLU 7RSOXPVDO YH VRV\DO SD]DUODPDDQOD\ÕúÕQDX\JXQELoLPGH|QFHOLNOHWNHWLFLQLQGDKDJHQLúELUEDNÕú LOHWRSOXPVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕQNRUXQPDVÕYHJHOLúWLULOPHVLQGHILUPDODUÕQ]HUOHULQHGúHQ J|UHYYHVRUXPOXOXNODUÕWDPRODUDN\HULQHJHWLUPHOHULúDUWWÕU%XJQDoÕNOD\ÕFÕ HWLNHWOHPH\DSDQYHVD÷OÕNDoÕVÕQGDQNDOLWH\OHPDUNDODUÕQÕ|]GHúOHúWLUHELOHQ. . .
(56) . =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. ILUPDODU WNHWLFLGHNL ND\JÕODUÕ RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕS UHNDEHW VWQO÷Q VD÷OD\DELOHFHNOHUGLU 'DYLHV:ULJKW
(57) $\UÕFD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ UHWLPL DPEDODMODQPDVÕ YH VDWÕúÕ LOH LOJLOL RODUDNEXELOLQoWHROPD\DQILUPDODUÕQGHQHWOHQPHVL\DVDODUD |UQH÷LQ8PXPL +ÕI]Õ 6ÕKKD <DVDVÕQÕQ 0DGGHVL UHWLP YH DPEDODMODPD LOH 0DGGHVL NDWNÕPDGGHOHULQLQNXOODQÕPÕ\ODLOJLOLG]HQOHPHOHUJHWLUPHNWHGLU<LQH8PXPL +ÕI]Õ 6ÕKKD .DQXQX QD LOLúNLQ JÕGD PDGGHOHUL W]÷QGH UQOHU WHN WHN WDQÕPODQDUDNLoLQGHEXOXQPDVÕJHUHNHQPDGGHOHULQDVJDULYH D]DPLPLNWDUODUÕ YH NXUDOODUD X\JXQ GúPH\HQ UQOHU YH EXQODUÕQ UHWLFLOHULQH LOLúNLQ \DSWÕUÕPODU EHOLUWLOPLúWLU
(58) YH \DVDODUFD \HWNLOL NÕOÕQDQ RUJDQODUD %HOHGL\HOHU JLEL
(59) EÕUDNÕOPÕúWÕU %X \DVDODUÕQ LúOHWLOPHVL YH X\JXODPDODUÕQ GHQHWOHQPHVL J|UHYLQL VWOHQHQ NXUXPODUÕQ G]HQOL YH VÕNÕ ELoLPGH LúOHYOHULQL \HULQH JHWLUPHOHULWRSOXPVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕNRUXPDDoÕVÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLGLU. .RQX\DLOLúNLQVRUXPOXOXNODUÕ\XNDUÕGDNÕVDFDEHOLUWLOHQILUPDODUYH \DVDO NXUXOXúODU VRUXPOXOXN oJHQLQLQ LNL N|úHVLQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU hoQF N|úHGH LVH WNHWLFLOHU EXOXQPDNWDGÕU 7NHWLFLOHULQ WNHWHFHNOHUL UQOHUH LOLúNLQ |]HOOLNOHVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕGR÷UXGDQLOJLOHQGLUPHVLGROD\ÕVÕ\ODJÕGDUQOHUL NRQXVXQGD
(60) \HWHUOL G]H\GH ELOJLOHQPLú ROPDVÕ YH VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD ELOLQFL\OH KDUHNHWHWPHVLúDUWWÕU. 6DWÕQ DOPD QRNWDVÕQGD WNHWLFLQLQ EDúOÕFD ELOJL ND\QD÷Õ UQQ ]HULQGHNL HWLNHW ELOJLVLGLU <DSÕODQ ELU DUDúWÕUPD VRQXFXQD J|UH WNHWLFLQLQ HWLNHWELOJLVLQHEDúYXUXRUDQÕQÕQROGX÷XJ|UOPúWU $NVXOX
(61) %X RUDQÕQ ROGXNoD \NVHN ROGX÷X V|\OHQHELOLU $QFDN HWLNHW ELOJLVLQH EDúYXUX \NVHNROPDNODELUOLNWHHWLNHWWHNLELOJLQLQELUH\WDUDIÕQGDQNROD\FDDQODúÕODELOLU YH \RUXPODQDELOLU RODQODUÕQÕQ GÕúÕQGD |UQH÷LQ VRQ NXOODQPD WDULKL GD\DQÕNOÕOÕ÷Õ QDVÕO NXOODQÕODELOHFH÷L YE
(62) GL÷HU ELOJLOHULQ \RUXPODQPDVÕQGD E\N JoON oHNWLNOHUL YH NXOODQÕPOD LOJLOL ED]Õ X\DUÕODUÕ \HWHULQFH DQODPDGÕNODUÕ JHUoH÷L EXOXQPDNWDGÕU %X HNVLNOLNOHUH NDUúÕQ WNHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD\D \|QHOLN GLNNDWOHULQGH DUWÕú J|]OHQPHNWHGLU øQVDQODUÕQ KDVWDOÕNWDQNDoÕQPDJGOHUL\OHKDUHNHWHWPHH÷LOLPOHULYHGDKDL\LEHVOHQPH\H \|QHOPHOHUL HWLNHW ]HULQGHNL ELOJL\H RODQ WDOHEL GH DUWWÕUPDNWDGÕU hUHWLFL YH VDWÕFÕODUGDEXWDOHEHX\JXQRODUDNUQHWLNHWOHULQGHNLELOJLOHULJHQLúOHWPHNWH VD÷OÕNOD LOJLOL PHVDMODU NR\PDNWDGÕU %URZQ
(63) $\UÕFD EX DUDúWÕUPDGDQ HOGH HGLOHQ HQ |QHPOL VRQXo H÷LWLP G]H\LQLQ \NVHOPHVL\OH WNHWLFLQLQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD NRQXVXQGDNL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ DUWWÕ÷ÕGÕU 7RSOXPXQ H÷LWLP G]H\L \NVHOGLNoH NRQX\D LOLúNLQ GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQ GDKD GD DUWDFD÷ÕV|\OHQHELOLU %X NRQXGD oJHQLQ GÕúÕQGD ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH WRSOXP VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕQ NRUXQPDVÕYHVD÷OÕNOÕQHVLOOHUROXúWXUPDDoÕVÕQGDQ\D]ÕOÕYHJ|UVHOPHG\D\DGD |QHPOL UROOHU GúPHNWHGLU *QP]GH WNHWLFLQLQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD. . .
(64) #8-90: ;8 < < NRQXVXQGDNL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQGDNL DUWÕú PHG\D\Õ GD EX DODQD oHNPHNWHGLU 7HUVLQH PHG\DGDNL DUWDQ H÷LOLP WNHWLFLOHULQ GH EX NRQX\D GDKD GX\DUOÕ ROPDODUÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU g]HOOLNOH JHoWL÷LPL] \ÕOODUGD PHG\DGD JÕGD NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ VD÷OÕN DoÕVÕQGDQ ]DUDUOÕ ROGX÷X NRQXVXQGD \HU DODQ KDEHUOHU WNHWLFLOHULQ VDWÕQ DOPD GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ ROGXNoD HWNLOHPLúWLU 7NHWLFL VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD NRQXVXQGD ROGXNoD GX\DUOÕGÕU <DSÕODQ EX DUDúWÕUPD EXQX RUWD\D NR\PXúWXU$QFDNNRQX\DLOLúNLQELOJLG]H\LQLQ\HWHUOLROPD\ÕúÕQHGHQL\OH PHG\DGDQ JHUHNWL÷LQGHQ ID]OD HWNLOHQGL÷LQL J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X QHGHQOH WNHWLFLOHULQ UHWLFLOHU \DVDO NXUXOXúODU YH PHG\D WDUDIÕQGDQ GR÷UX ELOJLOHQGLULOPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU %X NRQXGD KHU JUXS NHQGL ]HULQH GúHQ J|UHYOHULWDPRODUDN\HULQHJHWLUPHOLGLU . $%675$&7. )RRGSURGXFWVWDNHVWKHSULRULW\LQWKHFRQVXPHU¶VEDVLFQHHGVDQGWKHLU LPSRUWDQFH LQ WKH IDPLO\ SXUFKDVLQJ EXGJHW YDULHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU LQFRPH OHYHO ,W¶V SURSRUWLRQ WR WRWDO H[SHQGLWXUH JRHV XS ZKHQ LW¶V JRQH GRZQ WR WKH ORZHU LQFRPH OHYHOV 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQGV WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ FRQVFLRXV RI WKHVH SURGXFWV LV LQFUHDVLQJO\ ULVLQJ DV WKH HGXFDWLRQ DQG LQFRPH OHYHO LQFUHDVHV 7KHVHWUHQGVFORVHO\DIIHFWWKHFRPSDQLHVGHFLVLRQVRQWKHSURGXFWV. ,Q WKLV VWXG\ LW LV WULHG WR XQGHUVWDQG ZKHWKHU WKH FRQVXPHU WDNHV WKH GHFLVLRQRQWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRIIRRGSURGXFWKHRUVKHLVLQWHUHVWHGLQQXWULWLRQ YDOXHRIWKHSURGXFWDQGKRZKHVKHSHUFHLYHVWKHPDLQSURGXFWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV .$<1$.d$. $.68/8 øNEDO
(65) $PEDODMOÕ *ÕGD hUQOHULQGH (WLNHWLQ gQHPL YH 7NHWLFL'X\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ3D]DUODPD'Q\DVÕ0D\ÕV+D]LUDQ. $/78ö 7RPULV
(66) *ÕGD .DWNÕ 0DGGHOHUL (h 0KHQGLVOLN )DNOWHVL 'HUJLVL6HUL%*ÕGD0KHQGLVOL÷L&LOW6D\Õ. $/78ö 7RPULV
(67) $ &RQVXPHU 6XUYH\ RQ )RRG $GGLWLYHV * (OPDFÕ< &KDUDODPERXV (G
(68) )RRG )ODYRUV*HQHUDWLRQ $QDO\VLV DQG3URFHVV,QIOXHQFH(OVHLYHU6FLHQFH. %52:1 6WHSKHQ $
(69) *HQHUDO 3ULQFLSOHV RI 5HJXODWLRQ )RRGV DQG %HYHUDJHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO )RRG 5HJXODWLRQ +DQG%RRN 3ROLF\ 6FLHQFH/DZ0DUFHO'HNNHU,QF1HZ\RUN. '$9ø(6 0DUN $3
(70) 7KH ,PSRUWDQFH RI /DEHOLQJ ([DPLQHG LQ )RRG :ULJKW/HQ70DUNHWLQJ(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI0DUNHWLQJ9RO 1R. . .
(71) . =:>0800 ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I C?-. )$55'DJPDU7
(72) &RQVXPHU$WWLWXGHVDQG7KH6XSHUPDUNHW&HUHDO )RRGV:RUOG9RO1R-XQH -2%%(5'DYLG
(73) 0DUNHWLQJ0F*UDZ+LOO%RRN&R/RQGRQ. /$=(5 :LOOLDP 0DUNHWLQJ DQG %H\RQG $0$ 86$ %DUEHUD 3ULVFLOOD/D0DF/DFKODQ-DPHV06PLWK$OOHQ(. . .
(74)
Benzer Belgeler
However, even in those news items that criticize the attitude towards the Roma minority, a discriminatory discourse towards these minorities is being used.. For
期數:第 2010-08 期 發行日期:2010-08-01 醫病也醫心 北醫導入「安寧靈性照顧」
Orta (yarı-çevre) ve düşük gelirli (çevre) ülkelerde ise işçi pazarlık gücü, işgücü piyasası eşitsizlik ve yoksulluk göstergeleri ile ölçülmektedir.. Yöntem: Veriler
As variances are nonnegative, one can see from the right-hand side of equation (4) that the reliability of the test scores is a number in the interval [0,1]. Here is an example of
Bu amaç doğrultusunda benzer veriler belirli kavram ve temalar çerçevesinde bir araya getirilir (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2005, s. Katılımcılarının çizimleri ortak
Çoklu Zekâ Kuramı ile disiplinlerarası yaklaşımı temel alan uygulamaların öğrenme süre- cine ve öğrenci gelişimine katkısını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan bu
Kültür Servisi - 1 ¡.İstanbul Kitap F u an ’nm Onur Yazan Yaşar Kemal için Türkiye Ya zarlar Sendikası ve İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafın dan Atatürk
Luyckx ve arkadaşları (10-13) beş kimlik boyutunu kullanarak, altı kimlik statüsü önermişlerdir. Modelde kimlik statü- leri, istatistiksel olarak kümeleme yöntemiyle