• Sonuç bulunamadı

Tüketicide Sağlığını Koruma Bilinci ve Satın Alma Noktasında Tüketici Tutumları (Ambalajlı Gıda Ürünleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Tüketicide Sağlığını Koruma Bilinci ve Satın Alma Noktasında Tüketici Tutumları (Ambalajlı Gıda Ürünleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma)"

Copied!
13
0
0

Yükleniyor.... (view fulltext now)

Tam metin

(1)     

(2)          !#"$ &%'$   (*)!) !+!-,-./0(1 . 7h.(7ø&ø'(6$ö/,ö,1,.2580$%ø/ø1&ø9(6$7,1$/0$ 12.7$6,1'$7h.(7ø&ø78780/$5,$0%$/$-/,*,'$h5h1/(5ø h=(5ø1(%ø5$5$ù7,50$  øNEDO$.68/82 34 . . g=(7. *ÕGD UQOHUL WNHWLFLOHULQ ]RUXQOX LKWL\DoODUÕ LoLQGH LON VÕUD\Õ DOPDNWD YH JHOLU G]H\LQH ED÷OÕ RODUDN DLOH KDUFDPD EWoHVL LoLQGHNL |QHPL GH÷LúLN RUDQODUGD RUWD\D oÕNPDNWDGÕU *HOLU G]H\LQLQ DOW NDWPDQODUÕQD LQLOGLNoH KDUFDPDODU LoLQGHNL SD\Õ \NVHOPHNWHGLU %XQXQ \DQÕQGD WNHWLFLOHULQ H÷LWLP YH JHOLU G]H\L \NVHOGLNoH EX UQOHUL WNHWLP ELOLQFL JLGHUHN DUWPDNWDGÕU %X H÷LOLPOHU LúOHWPHOHULQ |]HOOLNOH UQH LOLúNLQ NDUDUODUÕQÕ \DNÕQGDQ HWNLOHPHNWHGLU %X oDOÕúPDGD WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQH\|QHOLNWNHWLPNDUDUÕQÕELOLQoOLRODUDNYHULSYHUPHGL÷LQLYHUQHLOLúNLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQLS LOJLOHQPHGL÷LQL YH EDúOÕFD UQ |]HOOLNOHULQL QDVÕO DOJÕODGÕ÷ÕRUWD\DoÕNDUWÕOPD\DoDOÕúÕOPDNWDGÕU. $QDKWDU .HOLPHOHU 7XWXP $OJÕODPD %HVOH\LFLOLN 'H÷HUL .DWNÕ 0DGGHOHUL 6D÷OÕ÷Õ.RUXPD%LOLQFL *LULú. *ÕGD UQOHUL LQVDQODUÕQ EL\RORMLN RODUDN YDUOÕNODUÕQÕ VUGUPHOHUL LoLQ WNHWLPL ]RUXQOX RODQ WHPHO LKWL\Do PDGGHOHULQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU %X QHGHQOH WNHWLPKDUFDPDODUÕLoLQGHJHOLUHED÷OÕRODUDNRUDQVDOE\NO÷QGHIDUNOÕOÕNODU ROVDELOH|QHPOLELU\HUWXWPDNWDGÕUøQVDQODUÕQJHUHN\DúDPODUÕLoLQ]RUXQOXOXN ROPDVÕ JHUHNVH GH EWoHOHULQGH |QHPOL ELU \HU WXWDQ KDUFDPD QRNWDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPDVÕ QHGHQL\OH EX UQOHULQ WNHWLPLQH LOLúNLQ GX\DUOÕOÕN G]H\OHULQLQ \NVHNROGX÷XQXV|\OHPHNPPNQGU$\UÕFDH÷LWLPG]H\LQGHYHJHOLUGHNL DUWÕúODUÕQ EX GX\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ GDKD GD KÕ]ODQGÕUGÕ÷Õ YH ELOLQoOHQPH G]H\L JHOLúWLNoH VD÷OÕNOÕNDOLWHOLYHX]XQ\DúDPEHNOHQWLVLQLQWNHWLFL\LGDKDELOLQoOLVHoLPHYH WNHWLPH\|QOHQGLUGL÷LV|\OHQHELOLU (÷LOLPOHUH EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD JHOHFHNWH WP \Dú JUXSODUÕQGDNL WNHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕNOÕEHVOHQPH\HGDKDoRN|QHPYHUHFH÷LYHJQP]GHNLQGHQGDKDELOLQoOL YH ELOJLOL RODFD÷Õ NROD\FD WDKPLQ HGLOHELOLU %X ELOLQoOHQPH VRQXFXQGD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ LoLQGH EXOXQDQ UHQNOHQGLULFLOHU NRUX\XFX YH WDWODQGÕUÕFÕ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL \NVHN RUDQOÕ WX] \D÷ YH NROHVWURO JLEL XQVXUODUD NDUúÕ GDKD ID]OD GLUHQo J|VWHUHFHN EXQODUÕQ \HULQH GDKD GR÷DO NDWNÕVÕ] YH EHVOH\LFL UQOHUL WNHWPH\L WHUFLK HGHFHNWLU /D]HU YG 

(3)  gUQH÷LQ GúN NDORULOL \L\HFHNOHU LoHFHNOHU \D÷VÕ] HW YH VW UQOHUL NROHVWURO G]H\L GúN PDUJDULQOHUNRUX\XFXVX]YHNDWNÕVÕ]NRQVHUYHOHQPLú\L\HFHNOHUYE   567 'Ro'U'(høø%)øúOHWPH%|OP%XFDø=0ø5. . .

(4) #8-90: ;8 < < 7NHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD\D YH \DúDP NDOLWHVLQL \NVHOWPH\H \|QHOLN H÷LOLPOHUL LúOHWPHOHULQ \HQL UQOHU JHOLúWLUPH YH PHYFXW UQOHUL ]HULQGH GH÷LúLNOLNOHU \DSPD JLEL UQ NDUDUODUÕQÕ \DNÕQGDQ HWNLOHPHNWHGLU 'H÷LúHQLKWL\DoODUYHWHUFLKOHUGR÷UXOWXVXQGDSD]DUODPDIDDOL\HWOHULQL\UWPHN SD]DUD X\XP \NVHN G]H\GH WNHWLFL WDWPLQL YH UHNDEHW JF HOGH HWPH DoÕVÕQGDQJQP]GHoRN|QHPOLGLUDQFDNJHOHFHNWHGDKDGD|QHPOLRODFDNWÕU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ$PDFÕ. %X  DUDúWÕUPDQÕQ  DPDFÕQÕ  JÕGD  UQOHULQLQ  WPQQ  VD÷OÕNOÕ  ELU ELoLPGHUHWLOGL÷LDPEDODMODQGÕ÷Õ\HWHUOLELOJL\LLoHUHFHNELoLPGHHWLNHWOHQGL÷L YH WNHWLPH VXQXOGX÷X YDUVD\ÕPÕQGDQ  KDUHNHWOH  WNHWLFLQLQ  ELOLQoOL  ELU ELoLPGH  WNHWLS WNHWPHGL÷LQL WNHWLUNHQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD ELOLQFL LoLQGH KDUHNHW HGLS HWPHGL÷LQL UQOHULQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL\OH \HWHULQFH LOJLOHQLS LOJLOHQPHGL÷LQL YH JÕGD UQOHULQH LOLúNLQ EDúOÕFD |]HOOLNOHUL QDVÕO DOJÕODGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\DNR\PDNWÕU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ<|QWHPL. %HOLUWLOHQDPDFÕJHUoHNOHúWLUPHNDoÕVÕQGDQHQX\JXQ\|QWHPRODUDNDQNHW \|QWHPL VHoLOPLú YH DQNHWH NDWÕODQODUD NRQX\D LOLúNLQ RODUDN oRN VHoHQHNOL VRUXODU\|QHOWLOPLúWLU. $QNHW X\JXODPDVÕ ø]PLU GHNL  E\N VSHUPDUNHWWH YH NROD\GD |UQHNOHPH \|QWHPLQH J|UH VHoLOHQ  |UQHN ]HULQGH JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU $QNHWH NDWÕODQODUÕQ    NDGÕQ   VÕ HUNHNWLU gUQHN NWOHQLQ GL÷HU GHPRJUDILN|]HOOLNOHULLVHDúD÷ÕGDNLJLELGLU . . <Dú'D÷ÕOÕPÕ.  . . .    .  . .  \Dú  \Dú  \Dú. (÷LWLP']H\L. *HOLU'D÷ÕOÕPÕ.  $LOHD\OÕNWRSODP

(5) .  YH]HUL. . øONRNXO. . <NVHN2NXO. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. . 2UWD/LVH. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. .    PLO\RQ 7/\H NDGDU. . PLO\RQ7/\HNDGDU. .

(6) =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. .  . . . . . . $LOH7U. dDOÕúPD'XUXPX. . PLO\RQYH]HUL. . dRFXNVX]$LOH. . dRFXNOX$LOH. . <DOQÕ]<DúD\DQODU. . dDOÕúÕ\RU. . dDOÕúPÕ\RU. $UDúWÕUPD%XOJXODUÕYH'H÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU   7NHWLFLQLQ $PEDODMOÕ *ÕGD hUQOHULQLQ %HVOH\LFLOLN 'H÷HUL LOH øOJLOHQPH']H\OHULQHøOLúNLQ'H÷HUOHQGLUPH . 7DEOR  YHULOHUL  GLNNDWH  DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD  |UQHN  WRSODPÕQÕQ  \DNODúÕN \DUÕVÕQÕQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH oRN LOJLOL ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU %X RUDQ ELUD] LOJLOL RODQODUÕQ NDWÕOÕPÕ\OD \DNODúÕN  H oÕNPDNWDGÕU $%' GH  NLúL ]HULQGH \DSÕODQ EHQ]HU ELU DUDúWÕUPDGD EX RUDQ  RODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU $UDúWÕUPDQÕQ EX DUDúWÕUPDGDQ  \ÕO  |QFH  JHUoHNOHúWLULOGL÷L  J|]  |QQH DOÕQDFDN  ROXUVD  $PHULNDQ  WRSOXPXQGDNL ELUH\OHULQ GDKD GX\DUOÕ ROGXNODUÕ V|\OHQHELOLU )DUU

(7)  .      . 7DEOR7NHWLFLQLQhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL . øOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL  dRNøOJLOL   %LUD]øOJLOL øOJLVL] )LNLU%HOLUWPH\HQ 7RSODP. )UHNDQV            . %X GH÷HUOHU VRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHU LOH LOLúNLOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH DúD÷ÕGDNLVRQXoODUEXOXQPXúWXU. 7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHUhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH øOLúNLVL 6RV\R'HPRJUDILN%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOH  g]HOOLNOHU  øOJLOHQPHFJ 'H÷HUL. &LQVL\HW $LOH7U <Dú  (÷LWLP dDOÕúPD'XUXPX *HOLU  .      . øOLúNL<RN  ')g'

(8)  øOLúNL9DU ')g'

(9)  øOLúNL9DU  ')g'

(10)  gQHPVL]  ')g'

(11)  gQHPVL] ')g'

(12)  gQHPVL]  ')g'

(13) . .

(14) #8-90: ;8 < < 7DEORYHULOHULVRV\RGHPRJUDILN|]HOOLNOHUGHQDLOHWUYH\DúÕQJÕGD UQQQ  EHVOH\LFLOLN  GH÷HUL  LOH  LOJLOHQPHGH  EHOLUOH\LFL  GH÷LúNHQOHUL ROXúWXUGX÷XQX GL÷HU GH÷LúNHQOHUH J|UH WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕQ IDUNOÕODúPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU %X LNL DQODPOÕ GH÷LúNHQ LWLEDUL\OH WDEOR GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUL DúD÷ÕGDNLJLELGLU  7DEOR$LOH7UhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPHøOLúNLVL. KL M NFOP'QP RSl-m-T V m R Sl-m-T#^-m\ `&[-V e!n \ aBS-b-V [-c. %HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL. RS-TIU V WX V X _:Z d-T#[-e^gf    .    . YBX Z [\]U V WX V X _Z d-T#[-e^hf    .    . U V WX ^-X \ _:Z d-T [0e^if    .    . _:X T Z X/`&S-T _:Z d-T#[-e^jf    .    . a&S-b-V [-c _:Z d-T#[-e^kf    .     . *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN |]HOOL÷L LOH LOJLOHQPH G]H\L DLOHQLQ oRFXNOX ROXS ROPDPDVÕQD \DGD NLúLQLQ \DOQÕ] \DúD\ÕS \DúDPDGÕ÷ÕQD J|UH IDUNOÕODúDQ ELU GH÷HUH VDKLS EXOXQPXúWXU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQD J|UH oRFXNOX DLOHOHULQ JÕGD UQQQ EHVOH\LFLOLN |]HOOL÷L LOH GDKD ID]OD LOJLOHQGL÷L NLúLQLQ \DOQÕ] \DúDPDVÕQÕQ LOJLOHQPH G]H\LQL GúUG÷ VRQXoODUÕQD YDUÕOPÕúWÕU gUQH÷LQ oRFXNOX DLOHOHULQ   L oRN LOJLOL ROGXNODUÕQÕ DoÕNODUNHQ EX RUDQ oRFXNVX] DLOHOHUGH   H \DOQÕ] \DúDPD GXUXPXQGD   \H GúPHNWHGLU 7DEOR

(15) . $PEDODMOÕ  JÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL  LOH LOJLOHQPH YH \Dú IDNW|UDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNLDoÕVÕQGDQLVHúXEXOJXODUHOGHHGLOPLúWLU 7DEOR<Dú)DNW|UhUQQ%HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULøOHøOJLOHQPHøOLúNLVL. o

(16) p0q. . Ž 0 ‘0’ !‘ “0 ”-• ’–0 ’• “-–I— ƒF˜}™ ˜ €Bs--v {-‚. %HVOH\LFLOLN'H÷HULLOHøOJLOHQPH']H\OHUL. rs-tIu v wx v x yBx z {|]u v wx v x u v wx }-x | ~:x t z x/&s-t €Bs--v {-‚ ~:z ƒ-t#{-„}† ‡~:z ƒ-t#{-„} ˆ~z ƒ-t#{-„}‰ Š~z ƒ-t#{-„}‹ Œ~:z ƒ-t#{-„}     .     .     .     .          .     .     .     .      . *ÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOHQPH G]H\LQLQ HQ \NVHN ROGX÷X\DúJUXEX \DúJUXEXWNHWLFLOHUGLU'DKDVRQUD LVH  \Dú JUXEX\HUDOPDNWDGÕU*HQoYH\DúOÕJUXSWNHWLFLOHULQLOJLOHQPHG]H\OHULQLQEX LNL JUXED J|UH GDKD GúN ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU <LQH EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOLRODUDNLOJLVL]ROGX÷XQXDoÕNOD\DQODURUDQÕQÕQEXLNLJUXSWDHQ\NVHN ROGX÷XVRQXFXJ|UOPHNWHGLU 7DEOR

(17) . . .

(18) . =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. $LOH GXUXPX LOH \Dú IDNW|U ELUOLNWH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH    \Dú JUXEX WNHWLFLOHULQ NoN oRFXNOX DLOHOHUGHQ ROXúPDVÕ RODVÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ\OD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ EHVOH\LFLOLN GH÷HUL LOH LOJLOL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQ HQ \NVHN ROGX÷XJUXEXQEXJUXSROPDVÕVRQXFXúDúÕUWÕFÕROPD\DFDNWÕU $PEDODMOÕ*ÕGDhUQOHULQGH7NHWLFLQLQ(QgQHPOL*|UG÷ %HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUXLOHøOJLOL'H÷HUOHQGLUPHOHU. *ÕGDUQOHULQLQEHVOH\LFLOLNGH÷HULLOHLOJLOHQGL÷LQLEHOLUWHQ|UQH÷H HQ |QHPOL J|UG÷ EHVOH\LFLOLN XQVXUXQXQ QH ROGX÷X VRUXOPXúWXU 7DEOR  GH÷HUOHULQHJ|UHWNHWLFLQLQDPEDODMOÕJÕGDUQOHULQGHEXOXQPDVÕQÕLVWHGL÷LHQ |QHPOL|]HOOL÷LQWD]HOLNYHGR÷DOOÕNROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLUøNLQFL|QHPOLXQVXU LVH YLWDPLQ YH PLQHUDO ELOHúLPL RODUDN VDSWDQPÕúWÕU hoQF VÕUDGD |QHPOL XQVXU LVH NLP\DVDO NDWNÕ YH NRUX\XFX   PDGGHOHULQ   EXOXQPDPDVÕGÕU gUQH÷LQ WDW YH NRNX PDGGHOHUL UHQNOHQGLULFLOHU DVLW G]HQOH\LFLOHU HPOJDW|UOHU DQWLPLNUREL\DOOHU NRUX\XFXODU YH DQWLRNVLGDQODU JLEL

(19)  %X XQVXUODUGDQ LON LNLVL WNHWLFLQLQ UQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHGL÷L GL÷HUL LVH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L |]HOOLNOHUGLU 7NHWLFLQLQ HWLNHW ELOJLVLQH EDúYXUPD GX\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ NRQXVXQGD \DSÕODQ DUDúWÕUPDGDQ HOGH HGLOHQ WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ]HULQGHNLHWLNHWELOJLVLQGHQHQoRNUHWLPYHVRQNXOODQPDWDULKLQH |QHP YHUGL÷L VRQXFX GLNNDWH DOÕQDFDN ROXUVD EX VRQXFXQ ELULQFL GHUHFHGH |QHPOLJ|UOHQWD]HOLN|]HOOL÷LQHELUNDQÕWROXúWXUDELOHFH÷LV|\OHQHELOLU $NVXOX 

(20)  7DEOR(QgQHPOL*|UOHQ%HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUODUÕ.  %HVOH\LFLOLN8QVXUODUÕ )UHNDQV gQHP']H\L  D9LWDPLQYH0LQHUDO%LOHúLPL     E7X]2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷     FùHNHU2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷     G<D÷2UDQÕQÕQ'úNO÷     H.LP\DVDO.DWNÕYH      .RUX\XFXPDGGHOHULQ%XOXQPDPDVÕ  I.DORULVLQLQ'úNO÷     J7D]HOLN'R÷DOOÕN     K3URWHLQ'H÷HULQLQ      <NVHNOL÷L  L.DUERQKLGUDWøoHUL÷L     M/LILoHUL÷LYH]HQJLQOL÷L    Q . 7DEOR  VRQXoODUÕ D\UÕFD LQVDQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ WHKGLW HGHQ WX] úHNHU YH \D÷ RUDQÕQÕQ\NVHNROPDVÕQÕQWNHWLFLOHUWDUDIÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLJ|UOPHGL÷LQLOLILQ YHOLIOLEHVLQOHULQ\DUDUÕQÕQID]ODELOLQPHPHVLQHGHQL\OH|QHPOLJ|UOPHGL÷LQL RUWD\D  NR\PDNWDGÕU  +DOEXNL  %DWÕ WRSOXPODUÕQGD WNHWLFLOHUGH GR÷DO  OLIOHUH \|QHOPH H÷LOLPL  JHUHN VD÷OÕ÷Õ  NRUXPD JHUHNVH GH HVWHWLN DoÕGDQ

(21)  JLGHUHN DUWPDNWDGÕU%L]GHLVHEXNDYUDP\HQL\HQL\HUOHúPH\HEDúODPÕúWÕU. . .

(22) #8-90: ;8 < < $PEDODMOÕ*ÕGDhUQOHULQGH%XOXQDELOHQg]HOOLNOHUHøOLúNLQ7NHWLFL 7XWXPODUÕQÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL. 7DEORODUGDNL YHULOHU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH WNHWLFLQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L YH VD÷OÕ÷Õ DoÕVÕQGDQ FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UG÷ LON |]HOOLN UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDVÕGÕU %D]Õ UQOHULQ VDQD\LGH UHWLPL LoLQ EHOLUOL úDUWODU DOWÕQGD UDG\DV\RQOD LúOHP J|UPHVL JHUHNHELOLU$QFDNWNHWLFLKDQJLNRúXOODUDOWÕQGDNXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕQJHUHNWL÷LQLYH KDQJL G]H\GHQ ID]ODVÕQÕQ VD÷OÕ÷Õ DoÕVÕQGDQ ULVN ROXúWXUGX÷XQX ELOPHGL÷L LoLQ UDG\DV\RQJÕGDUQOHULQGHEXOXQPDVÕQÕLVWHPHGL÷LYHVD÷OÕ÷ÕDoÕVÕQGDQWHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UG÷  |]HOOLN RODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU 5DG\RDNWLYLWH |]HOOLNOH QNOHHUVDQWUDOSDWODPDODUÕQÕQPHG\DGD\HUDOPDVÕ\ODWNHWLFLQLQoRNGX\DUOÕ ROGX÷XELUV|]FNWU 7DEOR*ÕGDhUQOHULQLQg]HOOLNOHULQH<|QHOLN7NHWLFL7XWXPODUÕ.  . g]HOOLNOHU  D.ROHVWHURO E<D÷ODU F7X]2UDQÕ G ¤ š]› œ 'ž!Ÿ š]¡0¢ £ . ›¥-¥! ¦   ¢. &LGGLELU 7HKOLNHGLU. )UH        . %LUD] 7HKOLNHOLGLU. )UH        . 7HKOLNHOL )LNLU 'H÷LOGLU%HOLUWPH\HQ. )UH        . )UH        . HùHNHU2UDQÕ         I5HQNOHQGLULFL         .DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL J5DG\RDNWLI           0DGGHOHU Q  <XNDUÕGDNL  WDEOR  YHULOHUL   NXOODQÕODUDN  GH÷HUOHQGLUPHQLQ  GDKD QHWOHúPHVLQLVD÷OD\DELOPHNLoLQDúD÷ÕGDNLWDEORG]HQOHQPLúWLU 7DEOR*ÕGDhUQOHULQLQg]HOOLNOHULQH<|QHOLN7NHWLFL7XWXPODUÕQÕQ gQHP']H\OHUL. g]HOOLNOHU &7&7%77')< D.ROHVWHURO     E<D÷ODU     F7X]2UDQÕ     G.DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX0DGGHOHU     HùHNHU2UDQÕ     I5HQNOHQGLULFL.DWNÕ0DGGHOHUL    J5DG\RDNWLI0DGGHOHU    .  &7&LGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕOD\DQODU&7%77HKOLNHOLRODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQWRSODPÕ7'7HKOLNHOLRODUDNJ|UPH\HQOHU)<)LNLUEHOLUWPH\HQOHU

(23) . . .

(24) . =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. øNLQFL FLGGL WHKOLNH XQVXUX RODUDN J|UOHQ |]HOOLN LVH .ROHVWHURO G]H\LGLU .ROHVWHURO JHUHN NDOS YH GDPDU KDVWDOÕNODUÕ\OD RODQ LOLúNLVLQLQ PHG\DGD KDEHU RODUDN \HU DOPDVÕ YH JHUHNVH ED]Õ PDUJDULQ YH VÕYÕ \D÷ UHNODPODUÕQGDDQDWHPDRODUDNNXOODQÕOPDVÕGROD\ÕVÕ\ODWNHWLFLWDUDIÕQGDQFLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODQPDNWDGÕU $QFDN EX |]HOOLNOH LOJLOL RODUDN ILNLU EHOLUWPH\HQ RUDQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ GLNNDW oHNLFLGLU $QNHWH NDWÕODQODUÕQ  LQGHQ ID]ODVÕ EX |]HOOL÷LQ QH LIDGH HWWL÷LQL ELOPHGLNOHULQL YH EX QHGHQOH KHUKDQJLELU ILNLUOHULQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWPLúOHUGLU *HUoHNWH NROHVWHURO \DúDP LoLQ ]RUXQOX ELU PDGGHGLU YH LQVDQODU QRUPDO EHVOHQPHOHUL VÕUDVÕQGD |QHPOL PLNWDUGD NROHVWHURO GÕúDUÕGDQ DOÕUODU +D\YDQVDO \D÷ODUGD GR\PXú

(25)  ID]OD ELWNLVHO VÕYÕ

(26) \D÷ODUGD GR\PDPÕú

(27) D]EXOXQXU6D÷OÕNLoLQJHUHNOLRODQPLNWDUÕQ ]HULQGH DOÕQDQ NROHVWHURO ULVN \DUDWÕU 7DEOR  YH  LOH LOJLOL JHQHO ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕODFDN ROXUVD UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHU HQ ]DUDUOÕ EXOXQDQ |]HOOLNWLU.ROHVWHUROGHUHFHHQ]DUDUOÕEXOXQDQDQFDNHQID]ODELOLQPH\HQ YHILNLU\UWOPH\HQ|]HOOLNRODUDNJ|UOPHNWHGLU(QWHKOLNHOLJ|UOPH\HQ LVHJÕGDUQQQLoLQGHNLúHNHUG]H\LGLU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQÕQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQLQ ELU VRQUDNL DúDPDVÕQGD VRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHUGHNL IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ WXWXPODU ]HULQGH ELU HWNLVLQLQ EXOXQXS EXOXQPDGÕ÷Õ RUWD\D NRQXOPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕú YH NROHVWHURO NRQXVXQGD úX VRQXoODUHOGHHGLOPLúWLU 7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU.ROHVWHUROg]HOOL÷LQH<|QHOLN7XWXPODU øOLúNLVL  6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU .ROHVWHUROg]HOOL÷LQHøOLúNLQ F

(28) § 7XWXPODU 'H÷HUL. &LQVL\HW ')g'

(29)  $LOH7U ')g'

(30)  <Dú ')g'

(31)  (÷LWLP ')g'

(32)  dDOÕúPD'XUXPX *HOLU ')g'

(33) . øOLúNL<RN. . øOLúNL<RN. . øOLúNL9DU. . øOLúNL9DU. . øOLúNL$UDQPDGÕ øOLúNL9DU. . 7DEOR ¶LQ GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQH J|UH NROHVWHUROH LOLúNLQ WXWXPODUÕQ \DúD ED÷OÕ RODUDN GH÷LúWL÷L  \Dú YH ]HUL JUXSWD FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕQÕQ LQ]HULQHoÕNWÕ÷ÕJ|UOPHNWHGLU \DúJUXEX WRSODPÕQÕQ YH]HUL\DúJUXEXWRSODPÕQÕQ LNROHVWHUROFLGGLELU WHKOLNHRODUDNJ|UGNOHULQLEHOLUWPLúOHUGLU

(34) 7HUVLQHWHKOLNHOLGH÷LOGLUELoLPLQGH DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQ RUDQÕ HQ \NVHN RODUDN    \Dú JUXEXQD DLWWLU    \Dú. . .

(35) #8-90: ;8 < < JUXEXQXQ  VL WHKOLNHOL EXOPDGÕNODUÕQÕ EHOLUWPLú EX RUDQ VÕUD LOH GL÷HU \Dú JUXSODUÕLoLQ GU

(36) . 7XWXPODUÕQ IDUNOÕODúWÕ÷Õ GL÷HU ELU IDNW|U H÷LWLP G]H\LGLU $UDúWÕUPD EXOJXODUÕQDJ|UHH÷LWLPG]H\L\NVHOGLNoHNROHVWHUROQFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN DOJÕODQPD RUDQÕ \NVHOPHNWHGLU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH EX RUDQ  RUWD  OLVH G]H\LQGH  YH \NVHN  RNXO  G]H\LQGH    EXOXQPXúWXU

(37)  $\UÕFD EX NRQX\D LOLúNLQ ELOJLVLQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWHQ WRSODP  NLúLQLQ  L 

(38)  LONRNXO G]H\LQGH H÷LWLPH VDKLSWLU $UDúWÕUPD VRQXoODUÕ  NROHVWHUROH  LOLúNLQ WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕQ JHOLUH J|UH GH IDUNOÕODúWÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU *HOLULQ DOWG]H\OHULQGHFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕLNHQRUWDJHOLU G]H\LQGHEXRUDQVWJHOLUG]H\LQGHLVHRODUDNEXOXQPXúWXU*HOLU \Dú YH H÷LWLP DUDVÕQGD SR]LWLI ELU LOLúNLQLQ EXOXQDELOHFH÷L YDUVD\ÕPÕQD GD\DOÕ RODUDNEXVRQXoDQODPOÕNDEXOHGLOHELOLU. &LGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕODQPDRUDQÕGDKDGúN YHVÕUDGD

(39)  RODQ \D÷ODU NRQXVXQGD NÕVD ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕODFDN ROXUVD VRV\R GHPRJUDILN |]HOOLN IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQÕQ  WNHWLFLOHUGH  WXWXP  IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕ ¨ \DUDWPDGÕ÷Õ \DSÕODQF WHVW|OoPOHULQGHEXLNLGH÷LúNHQDUDVÕQGDDQODPOÕ NDEXOHGLOHELOHFHNLOLúNLEXOXQDPDPÕúWÕU

(40) V|\OHQHELOLU<LQHVRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHU LOH WX] RUDQÕ DUDVÕQGD LOLúNL DUDQGÕ÷ÕQGD EX GH÷LúNHQOHUGHQ¨  VDGHFH \DúLOHDQODPOÕELULOLúNLQLQEXOXQGX÷XVRQXFXRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU F GH÷HUL ')g'

(41) (QDOW\DúJUXEXQGDFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNJ|UHQOHULQ RUDQÕLNHQEXRUDQHQVW\DúJUXEXQGDRODUDNEXOXQPXúWXU*ÕGD PDGGHOHULQGH  EXOXQDELOHQ  NDWNÕ  YH  NRUX\XFX  PDGGHOHU  LOH  LOJLOL  ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD WNHWLFLQLQ UQGH EXOXQPDVÕQÕ LVWHPHGL÷L YH VD÷OÕ÷ÕDoÕVÕQGDQWHKGLWXQVXUXRODUDNVÕUDGD\HUYHUGL÷LJ|UOPHNWHGLU *QP]  JÕGD  VDQD\LLQGH  UQ  UHWLPL  YH  VD÷OÕNOÕ  RODUDN VDNODQDELOPHVL DoÕVÕQGDQ ED]Õ NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ NXOODQÕPÕ ]RUXQOX RODUDN J|UOPHNWHGLU dQN EX PDGGHOHULQ EXOXQPDPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD UQH \HUOHúHQ PLNURSODUÕQ WRNVLN HWNLVL LQVDQ \DúDPÕQÕ WHKGLW HGHFHNWLU $\UÕFD NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ NDOLWH J|UQP YH OH]]HW JLEL |]HOOLNOHULQL GH JHOLúWLUGL÷L JÕGD UHWLPL  NRQXVXQGDNL  X]PDQODUFD EHOLUWLOPHNWHGLU %HOLUWLOHQ QHGHQOHUOHEHOLUOLVÕQÕUODUGD NLEXVÕQÕUODULoLQGHNXOODQÕPÕ)$2YH:+2JLEL XOXVODUDUDVÕ NXUXOXúODUFD |QHULOPHNWH YH XOXVDO YH XOXVODUDUDVÕ VWDQGDUWODUOD EHOLUOHQPHNWHGLU

(42)  EX NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQ NXOODQÕPÕ KHP VD÷OÕN KHP GH WHNQLN DoÕGDQ JHUHNOLGLU YH JÕGD WHNQRORMLVLQLQ |QHPOL ELU SDUoDVÕQÕ ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU $OWX÷

(43)  7NHWLFLQLQJÕGDUQOHULQGHNLNDWNÕYHNRUX\XFXPDGGHOHUNRQXVXQGD WXWXPODUÕLQFHOHQGL÷LQGHDQNHWHNDWÕODQODUÕQ VLQLQFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN J|UGNOHUL RUWD\D oÕNPÕúWÕU *ÕGD UQOHULQGHNL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQH LOLúNLQ. . .

(44) . =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕQÕ LQFHOH\HQ ELU EDúND DUDúWÕUPD GD EHQ]HU VRQXoODUÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU $OWX÷(OPDFÕ

(45)  7DEOR6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU.DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX0DGGH g]HOOL÷LQH<|QHOLN7XWXPODUøOLúNLVL.  6RV\R'HPRJUDILNg]HOOLNOHU .DWNÕYH.RUX\XFX  0DGGHOHUHøOLVNLQ7XWXPODU &LQVL\HW øOLúNL\RN ')g'

(46)  $LOH7U øOLúNL\RN ')g'

(47)  <Dú øOLúNL\RN ')g'

(48)  (÷LWLP øOLúNL9DU ')g'

(49)  dDOÕúPD'XUXPX øOLúNL$UDQPDGÕ *HOLU øOLúNL9DU ')g'

(50)  . ¨. F

(51) 'H÷HUL     . 7DEOR ¶GDNL EXOJXODU H÷LWLP G]H\LQLQ WXWXPODUÕ GH÷LúWLUGL÷LQL FLQVL\HW\Dú YHDLOHWUQQWXWXPIDUNOÕODúPDVÕQD\RODoPDGÕ÷ÕQÕYH JHOLULOH RODQ LOLúNLQLQ VDSWDQPÕú ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH JoO ELU LOLúNLQLQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU %X GXUXPGD HQ DQODPOÕ VRQXo H÷LWLP LOH RODQ LOLúNLGLU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH H÷LWLPH VDKLS RODQODUÕQ  L NDWNÕ YH NRUX\XFXODUD LOLúNLQ FLGGL ELU WHKOLNHGLU GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQL \DSPÕúWÕU %X JUXSWDNL WNHWLFLOHULQ  VL LVH ELOJLOHULQLQ ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ EHOLUWHUHN ILNULP \RN GH÷HUOHQGLUPHVLQL \DSPÕúODUGÕU2UWDOLVHH÷LWLPG]H\LQGHEXGH÷HUOHU GU<NVHN H÷LWLP G]H\LQGH LVH DQNHWH NDWÕODQ ELUH\OHULQ  X FLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODPDNWDGÕU YH EX JUXEXQ VDGHFH  VL ILNLU EHOLUWPHPLúWLU %X VRQXoODU GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHULQH÷LWLPG]H\LQHED÷OÕRODUDNGH÷LúWL÷LQLNDQÕWODPDNWDGÕU. *ÕGD  UQOHULQLQ  |]HOOLNOHULQGHQ  úHNHU  RUDQÕ  LOH  LOJLOL  ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD VRV\R  GHPRJUDILN GH÷LúNHQOHUGHQ DQODPOÕ J|UOHQOHUDLOHWUYH\DúWÕUdRFXNOXDLOHOHULQ VÕúHNHU\NVHNOL÷LQLFLGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN DOJÕODUNHQ oRFXNVX] DLOHOHUGH EX RUDQ  \DOQÕ] \DúD\DQODUGDRODUDNVDSWDQPÕúWÕU7HUVLQHWHKOLNHVL]RODUDNDOJÕODPDRUDQÕ \DOQÕ]\DúD\DQODUÕQ LQLROXúWXUXUNHQEXRUDQoRFXNOXDLOHOHUGHRODUDN EXOXQPXúWXU <Dú LOH LOJLOL ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD \DúD J|UH úHNHULQ IDUNOÕ RODUDNDOJÕODQGÕ÷ÕJ|UOPúWU<DúJUXSODUÕLWLEDUL\OHFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDN DOJÕOD\DQODUÕQRUDQÕVÕUDVÕ\ODYH GLU. . .

(52) #8-90: ;8 < < &LGGL ELU WHKOLNH RODUDN  VÕUDGD \HU YHULOHQ UHQNOHQGLULFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL JÕGD ER\DODUÕ

(53)  JÕGD UQOHULQH LVWHQLOHQ UHQN |]HOOLNOHULQL ND]DQGÕUPDN LoLQ VDQD\LGH NXOODQÕPÕQD L]LQ YHULOHQ ED]Õ PDGGHOHUGLU 6XQVHW <HOORZ7DUWUD]LQJLEL

(54)  5HQNOHQGLULFL NDWNÕ PDGGHOHUL LOH VRV\R  GHPRJUDILN GH÷LúNHQOHU DUDVÕQGD LOLúNL\L DUDPDN DPDFÕ\OD \DSÕODQ .L  .DUH DQDOL]OHUL VXQXFXQGD DQODPOÕ J|UOHQ WHN LOLúNL H÷LWLP LOH NXUXOPXúWXU  øONRNXO G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ  L  RUWD  OLVH G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ  L YH \NVHN RNXO G]H\LQGHNL WNHWLFLOHULQ  L EX PDGGHOHUL WHKOLNHOL RODUDN J|UGNOHULQL EHOLUWPLúOHUGLU$\UÕFDILNLUEHOLUWPH\HQOHULQRUDQÕLONRNXOG]H\LQGHHQ\NVHN EXOXQPXúWXU øONRNXO G]H\LQGH  RUWD  OLVH G]H\LQGH  \NVHNRNXO G]H\LQGH

(55) . (Q  FLGGL  WHKOLNH  RODUDN DOJÕODQDQ  JÕGD  UQOHULQGH  UDG\RDNWLI PDGGHOHULQEXOXQPDVÕLOHLOJLOLGH÷HUOHQGLUPHVRQXFXQDJ|UHVRV\RGHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHUGHNL IDUNOÕODúPDQÕQ WNHWLFL WXWXPODUÕ  ]HULQGH |QHPOL  ELU HWNLVLQLQ EXOXQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ  YH WNHWLFLOHULQ oRN |QHPOL RUDQÕQÕQ UDG\RDNWLYLWH\L VD÷OÕNODUÕ DoÕVÕQGDQoRNFLGGLELUWHKOLNHRODUDNDOJÕODGÕNODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU 6RQXo. 7NHWLFLQLQ]RUXQOXLKWL\DoODUÕQÕNDUúÕOD\DQUQOHULoLQGHLONVÕUD\ÕJÕGD UQOHUL DOPDNWDGÕU g]HOOLNOH WRSOX VDWÕQ DOÕPODUÕQ \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ VSHUPDUNHW WU VDWÕQDOPDPHUNH]OHULQGHVDWÕúDVXQXODQEXWUUQOHULQE\NELUE|OPQQ DPEDODMOÕ ROGX÷X J|UOPHNWHGLU *ÕGD UQOHULQGH DPEDODM |QHPOL |OoGH NRUXPD YH PRWLYDV\RQ LúOHYLQL \HULQH JHWLULUNHQ ]HULQGHNL HWLNHW LOH WNHWLFLQLQ ELOLQoOL WNHWLPGH EXOXQPD LKWL\DFÕQD FHYDS YHUHFHN ELOJLOHQGLUPH LúOHYLQL GH VD÷ODPÕú ROPDNWDGÕU $PEDODMOÕ JÕGD UQOHULQLQ ]HULQGH WDúÕGÕ÷Õ HWLNHWWHNLUQQLoHUL÷L LOH LOJLOL ELOJLOHU WNHWLFL\L ELUWDUDIWDQ GR÷UX WNHWLPH \|QHOWLUNHQ GL÷HU WDUDIWDQ VD÷OÕNOÕ WNHWLP GROD\ÕVÕ\OD VXoOXOXN GX\JXVXQX RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUPD YH PRUDO HWNLVL QHGHQL\OH SVLNRORMLN WDWPLQL GH VD÷ODPÕú ROPDNWDGÕU dQN QDVÕO NL IL]LNVHO VD÷OÕ÷Õ ROXPVX] HWNLOH\HQ ELU PDGGHQLQ WNHWLPLQGH WNHWLFL SLúPDQOÕN \DGD VXoOXOXN KLVVL GX\X\RUVD WHUVLQH VD÷OÕNOÕ ELUWNHWLPGHEXOXQGX÷XQGDELUKD]GDGX\PXúRODFDNWÕU%XDoÕGDQHWLNHWWHNL |]HOOLNOHLoHULNELOJLVLWNHWLFLGHKHPIL]LNVHOVD÷OÕ÷ÕNRUXPDKHPGHSVLNRORMLN WDWPLQLD\QÕDQGD\HULQHJHWLUPHNWHGLUGHQLOHELOLU. *ÕGD  UQOHULQLQ  GR÷UX  DPEDODMODQPDVÕ  YH  \HWHUOL  ELOJL\L  LoHUHQ ELoLPGH HWLNHWOHQPHVLQGH HVDV VRUXPOXOXN ILUPD\D DLWWLU 7RSOXPVDO YH VRV\DO SD]DUODPDDQOD\ÕúÕQDX\JXQELoLPGH|QFHOLNOHWNHWLFLQLQGDKDJHQLúELUEDNÕú LOHWRSOXPVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕQNRUXQPDVÕYHJHOLúWLULOPHVLQGHILUPDODUÕQ]HUOHULQHGúHQ J|UHYYHVRUXPOXOXNODUÕWDPRODUDN\HULQHJHWLUPHOHULúDUWWÕU%XJQDoÕNOD\ÕFÕ HWLNHWOHPH\DSDQYHVD÷OÕNDoÕVÕQGDQNDOLWH\OHPDUNDODUÕQÕ|]GHúOHúWLUHELOHQ. . .

(56) . =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. ILUPDODU WNHWLFLGHNL  ND\JÕODUÕ  RUWDGDQ NDOGÕUÕS UHNDEHW VWQO÷Q VD÷OD\DELOHFHNOHUGLU 'DYLHV:ULJKW

(57)  $\UÕFD JÕGD UQOHULQLQ UHWLPL DPEDODMODQPDVÕ YH VDWÕúÕ LOH LOJLOL RODUDNEXELOLQoWHROPD\DQILUPDODUÕQGHQHWOHQPHVL\DVDODUD |UQH÷LQ8PXPL +ÕI]Õ  6ÕKKD <DVDVÕQÕQ  0DGGHVL UHWLP YH DPEDODMODPD LOH 0DGGHVL NDWNÕPDGGHOHULQLQNXOODQÕPÕ\ODLOJLOLG]HQOHPHOHUJHWLUPHNWHGLU<LQH8PXPL +ÕI]Õ 6ÕKKD .DQXQX QD LOLúNLQ JÕGD PDGGHOHUL W]÷QGH UQOHU WHN WHN WDQÕPODQDUDNLoLQGHEXOXQPDVÕJHUHNHQPDGGHOHULQDVJDULYH D]DPLPLNWDUODUÕ YH NXUDOODUD X\JXQ GúPH\HQ UQOHU YH EXQODUÕQ UHWLFLOHULQH LOLúNLQ \DSWÕUÕPODU EHOLUWLOPLúWLU

(58)  YH \DVDODUFD \HWNLOL NÕOÕQDQ RUJDQODUD %HOHGL\HOHU JLEL

(59)  EÕUDNÕOPÕúWÕU %X \DVDODUÕQ LúOHWLOPHVL YH X\JXODPDODUÕQ GHQHWOHQPHVL J|UHYLQL VWOHQHQ NXUXPODUÕQ G]HQOL YH VÕNÕ ELoLPGH LúOHYOHULQL \HULQH JHWLUPHOHULWRSOXPVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕNRUXPDDoÕVÕQGDQoRN|QHPOLGLU. .RQX\DLOLúNLQVRUXPOXOXNODUÕ\XNDUÕGDNÕVDFDEHOLUWLOHQILUPDODUYH \DVDO NXUXOXúODU VRUXPOXOXN oJHQLQLQ LNL N|úHVLQL ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU hoQF N|úHGH LVH WNHWLFLOHU  EXOXQPDNWDGÕU  7NHWLFLOHULQ  WNHWHFHNOHUL  UQOHUH LOLúNLQ |]HOOLNOHVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕGR÷UXGDQLOJLOHQGLUPHVLGROD\ÕVÕ\ODJÕGDUQOHUL NRQXVXQGD

(60)   \HWHUOL G]H\GH ELOJLOHQPLú ROPDVÕ YH VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD ELOLQFL\OH KDUHNHWHWPHVLúDUWWÕU. 6DWÕQ DOPD QRNWDVÕQGD WNHWLFLQLQ EDúOÕFD ELOJL ND\QD÷Õ UQQ ]HULQGHNL HWLNHW ELOJLVLGLU <DSÕODQ ELU DUDúWÕUPD VRQXFXQD J|UH WNHWLFLQLQ HWLNHWELOJLVLQHEDúYXUXRUDQÕQÕQROGX÷XJ|UOPúWU $NVXOX

(61) %X RUDQÕQ ROGXNoD \NVHN ROGX÷X V|\OHQHELOLU $QFDN HWLNHW ELOJLVLQH EDúYXUX \NVHNROPDNODELUOLNWHHWLNHWWHNLELOJLQLQELUH\WDUDIÕQGDQNROD\FDDQODúÕODELOLU YH \RUXPODQDELOLU RODQODUÕQÕQ GÕúÕQGD |UQH÷LQ VRQ NXOODQPD WDULKL GD\DQÕNOÕOÕ÷Õ QDVÕO NXOODQÕODELOHFH÷L YE

(62)  GL÷HU ELOJLOHULQ \RUXPODQPDVÕQGD E\N JoON oHNWLNOHUL YH NXOODQÕPOD LOJLOL ED]Õ X\DUÕODUÕ \HWHULQFH DQODPDGÕNODUÕ JHUoH÷L EXOXQPDNWDGÕU %X HNVLNOLNOHUH NDUúÕQ WNHWLFLOHULQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD\D \|QHOLN GLNNDWOHULQGH DUWÕú J|]OHQPHNWHGLU øQVDQODUÕQ KDVWDOÕNWDQNDoÕQPDJGOHUL\OHKDUHNHWHWPHH÷LOLPOHULYHGDKDL\LEHVOHQPH\H \|QHOPHOHUL  HWLNHW ]HULQGHNL ELOJL\H RODQ WDOHEL GH DUWWÕUPDNWDGÕU hUHWLFL YH VDWÕFÕODUGDEXWDOHEHX\JXQRODUDNUQHWLNHWOHULQGHNLELOJLOHULJHQLúOHWPHNWH VD÷OÕNOD  LOJLOL  PHVDMODU NR\PDNWDGÕU %URZQ  

(63)  $\UÕFD EX DUDúWÕUPDGDQ HOGH HGLOHQ HQ |QHPOL VRQXo H÷LWLP  G]H\LQLQ  \NVHOPHVL\OH WNHWLFLQLQ  VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ   NRUXPD  NRQXVXQGDNL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ  DUWWÕ÷ÕGÕU 7RSOXPXQ  H÷LWLP  G]H\L  \NVHOGLNoH  NRQX\D  LOLúNLQ GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQ GDKD GD DUWDFD÷ÕV|\OHQHELOLU %X NRQXGD oJHQLQ GÕúÕQGD ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH WRSOXP VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕQ NRUXQPDVÕYHVD÷OÕNOÕQHVLOOHUROXúWXUPDDoÕVÕQGDQ\D]ÕOÕYHJ|UVHOPHG\D\DGD |QHPOL UROOHU GúPHNWHGLU *QP]GH WNHWLFLQLQ VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD. . .

(64) #8-90: ;8 < < NRQXVXQGDNL GX\DUOÕOÕ÷ÕQGDNL DUWÕú PHG\D\Õ GD EX DODQD oHNPHNWHGLU 7HUVLQH PHG\DGDNL DUWDQ H÷LOLP WNHWLFLOHULQ GH EX NRQX\D GDKD GX\DUOÕ ROPDODUÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU g]HOOLNOH JHoWL÷LPL] \ÕOODUGD PHG\DGD JÕGD NDWNÕ PDGGHOHULQLQ VD÷OÕN DoÕVÕQGDQ ]DUDUOÕ ROGX÷X NRQXVXQGD \HU DODQ KDEHUOHU WNHWLFLOHULQ VDWÕQ DOPD GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕ ROGXNoD HWNLOHPLúWLU 7NHWLFL VD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕ NRUXPD NRQXVXQGD ROGXNoD GX\DUOÕGÕU <DSÕODQ EX DUDúWÕUPD EXQX RUWD\D NR\PXúWXU$QFDNNRQX\DLOLúNLQELOJLG]H\LQLQ\HWHUOLROPD\ÕúÕQHGHQL\OH PHG\DGDQ JHUHNWL÷LQGHQ ID]OD HWNLOHQGL÷LQL J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X QHGHQOH WNHWLFLOHULQ UHWLFLOHU \DVDO NXUXOXúODU YH PHG\D WDUDIÕQGDQ GR÷UX ELOJLOHQGLULOPHVL JHUHNPHNWHGLU  %X NRQXGD KHU JUXS NHQGL ]HULQH GúHQ J|UHYOHULWDPRODUDN\HULQHJHWLUPHOLGLU . $%675$&7. )RRGSURGXFWVWDNHVWKHSULRULW\LQWKHFRQVXPHU¶VEDVLFQHHGVDQGWKHLU LPSRUWDQFH LQ WKH IDPLO\ SXUFKDVLQJ EXGJHW YDULHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU LQFRPH OHYHO ,W¶V SURSRUWLRQ WR WRWDO H[SHQGLWXUH JRHV XS ZKHQ LW¶V JRQH GRZQ WR WKH ORZHU LQFRPH OHYHOV 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQGV WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ FRQVFLRXV RI WKHVH SURGXFWV LV LQFUHDVLQJO\ ULVLQJ DV WKH HGXFDWLRQ DQG LQFRPH OHYHO LQFUHDVHV 7KHVHWUHQGVFORVHO\DIIHFWWKHFRPSDQLHVGHFLVLRQVRQWKHSURGXFWV. ,Q WKLV VWXG\ LW LV WULHG WR XQGHUVWDQG ZKHWKHU WKH FRQVXPHU WDNHV WKH GHFLVLRQRQWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRIIRRGSURGXFWKHRUVKHLVLQWHUHVWHGLQQXWULWLRQ YDOXHRIWKHSURGXFWDQGKRZKHVKHSHUFHLYHVWKHPDLQSURGXFWFKDUDFWHULVWLFV  .$<1$.d$. $.68/8 øNEDO  

(65)  $PEDODMOÕ *ÕGD hUQOHULQGH (WLNHWLQ gQHPL YH 7NHWLFL'X\DUOÕOÕ÷Õ3D]DUODPD'Q\DVÕ0D\ÕV+D]LUDQ. $/78ö 7RPULV 

(66)  *ÕGD .DWNÕ 0DGGHOHUL (h 0KHQGLVOLN )DNOWHVL 'HUJLVL6HUL%*ÕGD0KHQGLVOL÷L&LOW6D\Õ. $/78ö 7RPULV 

(67)  $ &RQVXPHU 6XUYH\ RQ )RRG $GGLWLYHV * (OPDFÕ< &KDUDODPERXV (G

(68)  )RRG )ODYRUV*HQHUDWLRQ $QDO\VLV DQG3URFHVV,QIOXHQFH(OVHLYHU6FLHQFH. %52:1 6WHSKHQ $ 

(69)   *HQHUDO 3ULQFLSOHV RI 5HJXODWLRQ )RRGV DQG %HYHUDJHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO )RRG 5HJXODWLRQ +DQG%RRN  3ROLF\ 6FLHQFH/DZ0DUFHO'HNNHU,QF1HZ\RUN. '$9ø(6 0DUN $3 

(70) 7KH ,PSRUWDQFH RI /DEHOLQJ ([DPLQHG LQ )RRG :ULJKW/HQ70DUNHWLQJ(XURSHDQ-RXUQDORI0DUNHWLQJ9RO 1R. . .

(71) . =:>0800  ?- @!0AB $ A$ C'$DFE- <-GHH I   C?-. )$55'DJPDU7 

(72) &RQVXPHU$WWLWXGHVDQG7KH6XSHUPDUNHW&HUHDO )RRGV:RUOG9RO1R-XQH -2%%(5'DYLG 

(73) 0DUNHWLQJ0F*UDZ+LOO%RRN&R/RQGRQ. /$=(5 :LOOLDP 0DUNHWLQJ  DQG %H\RQG $0$ 86$ %DUEHUD 3ULVFLOOD/D0DF/DFKODQ-DPHV06PLWK$OOHQ(. . .

(74)

Referanslar

Benzer Belgeler

However, even in those news items that criticize the attitude towards the Roma minority, a discriminatory discourse towards these minorities is being used.. For

期數:第 2010-08 期 發行日期:2010-08-01 醫病也醫心 北醫導入「安寧靈性照顧」

Orta (yarı-çevre) ve düşük gelirli (çevre) ülkelerde ise işçi pazarlık gücü, işgücü piyasası eşitsizlik ve yoksulluk göstergeleri ile ölçülmektedir.. Yöntem: Veriler

As variances are nonnegative, one can see from the right-hand side of equation (4) that the reliability of the test scores is a number in the interval [0,1]. Here is an example of

Bu amaç doğrultusunda benzer veriler belirli kavram ve temalar çerçevesinde bir araya getirilir (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2005, s. Katılımcılarının çizimleri ortak

Çoklu Zekâ Kuramı ile disiplinlerarası yaklaşımı temel alan uygulamaların öğrenme süre- cine ve öğrenci gelişimine katkısını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan bu

Kültür Servisi - 1 ¡.İstanbul Kitap F u an ’nm Onur Yazan Yaşar Kemal için Türkiye Ya­ zarlar Sendikası ve İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafın­ dan Atatürk

Luyckx ve arkadaşları (10-13) beş kimlik boyutunu kullanarak, altı kimlik statüsü önermişlerdir. Modelde kimlik statü- leri, istatistiksel olarak kümeleme yöntemiyle