Kriz ve Afet Yönetimi:Türkiye örneği

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(3) 3. ødø1'(.ø/(5. ...... I. 6818ù. ødø1'(.ø/(5,,,. ÖZET.........................................................................................................................VII ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ VIII KISALTMALAR....................................................................................................... IX TABLOLAR.............................................................................................................. XI *ø5øù. 1. BÖLÜM: KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVE.................................................................. 7 1.1. Kriz................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1. Kriz Nedir?..................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2. Kriz Türleri ................................................................................................... 9 1.1.3.Krizlerin Genel Karakteristikleri...................................................................... 9 1.2. Afet................................................................................................................. 10 1.2.1. Afet Nedir?................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2. Afet Türleri .................................................................................................. 13 1.2.3. Afetlerin Genel Karakteristikleri................................................................... 15 1.3. Kriz ve Afet øliúkisi ......................................................................................... 16 1.4. Kriz ve Afet Yönetimi ..................................................................................... 17 2. BÖLÜM: .5ø=9($)(7<g1(7ø0ø6h5(d/(5ø ...................................... 21 2. 1. Kriz Yönetimi Süreci...................................................................................... 21 2.1.1. Kriz Öncesi Yönetimi................................................................................... 24 .UL]*HUoH÷LQLQ.DEXOYH.UL]6HQDU\RODUÕQÕQ2OXúWXUXOPDVÕ .UL](\OHP3ODQODUÕQÕQ+D]ÕUODQPDVÕ. .................. 25. ......................................................... 27 ve Görevleri.................................29. .UL].RPLWHVL\DGD7DNÕPÕQÕQ2OXúXPX. .UL]<|QHWLPL.DSVDPÕQGDNL(÷LWLPdDOÕúPDODUÕ. .........................................33. 2.1.1.5. Krizi Sezme Yöntemleri................................................................................34 34. 6UHNOLøoYH'ÕúdHYUH$QDOL]L. 2.1.1.(UNHQ8\DUÕ6LVWHPL...................................................................................36 .UL]$QÕ<|QHWLPL. ........................................................................................ 38. .UL]LQ%DúODQJÕFÕYH.UL]<|QHWLPLQH*HoLú .UL]øOHWLúLPL. ............................................. 40. ............................................................................................. 44. 2.1.2.3. Kriz Dönemlerinde Yönetim ve Liderlik.................................................... 49.

(4) 4. .UL]6RQUDVÕ<|QHWLPL. .................................................................................. 52. 2.1.<HQLGHQ<DSÕODQPD6WUDWHMLOHUL .................................................................. 53 2.1.3.2. Rehabilitasyon Faaliyetleri ........................................................................ 54 2.2. Afet Yönetimi Süreci....................................................................................... 56 2.2.1. Afet Öncesi Yönetimi................................................................................... 58 2.2.1.1. Zarar Azaltma............................................................................................ 58 +D]ÕUOÕNOÕ2OPD. .......................................................................................... 60. (UNHQ8\DUÕ6LVWHPL $IHW$QÕ<|QHWLPL. ................................................................................... 62. ........................................................................................ 62. .XUWDUPDYHøON<DUGÕP. ............................................................................. 63. 2.2.2.2. Afet Durumunda Yönetim ......................................................................... 64 $IHW6RQUDVÕ<|QHWLPL ø\LOHúWLUPH. .................................................................................. 65. ................................................................................................. 65. <HQLGHQøQúD. .............................................................................................. 67. %g/h07h5.ø<( '(.$08<g1(7ø0ø1'(.5ø=9($)(7 <g1(7ø0ø. 3..DPX<|QHWLPLQGH.UL]YH$IHW<|QHWLPLQLQgQHPLYH.ÕVD7DULKoHVL69 3.2. Afet Yönetimi Sistemi..................................................................................... 75 3.2.1. Genel Olarak ................................................................................................ 76 .RQX\DøOLúNLQ0HY]XDW+NPOHUL. ........................................................... 76. 3.2.1.1.1.Anayasa................................................................................................... 76 3.2.1.1.2.Kanunlar ve KHK’lar............................................................................... 77 3.2.1.1.3. Tüzükler ve Yönetmelikler ..................................................................... 90 ................................................................. 100. %Hú<ÕOOÕN.DONÕQPD3ODQÕ *|UHYOL7HPHO.XUXOXúODU %DúEDNDQOÕN. ........................................................................... 103. ............................................................................................. 103. %DúEDNDQOÕN.UL]<|QHWLP0HUNH]L. ...................................................... 103. 6RV\DO<DUGÕPODúPDYH'D\DQÕúPD\Õ7HúYLN)RQX 7UNL\H$FLO'XUXP<|QHWLPL*HQHO0GUO÷. ............................... 107. .................................. 108. 3.2.2.1.4. Proje Uygulama Birimi ......................................................................... 109 'R÷DO$IHW6LJRUWDODUÕ.XUXPX. ............................................................. 109. 3.2.2.1.6. Ulusal Deprem Konseyi........................................................................ 111 %D\ÕQGÕUOÕNYHøVNDQ%DNDQOÕ÷Õ. ................................................................. 112.

(5) 5. $IHWøúOHUL*HQHO0GUO÷. ................................................................. 114. 7HNQLN$UDúWÕUPDYH8\JXODPD*HQHO0GUO÷ <DSÕøúOHUL*HQHO0GUO÷ øoLúOHUL%DNDQOÕ÷Õ. ................................................................ 116. ..................................................................................... 118. 6LYLO6DYXQPD*HQHO0GUO÷ .Õ]ÕOD\*HQHO0GUO÷ øOJLOL.XUXOXúODU. ............................... 115. .......................................................... 118. ........................................................................ 121. .......................................................................................... 123. 7UN6LODKOÕ.XYYHWOHUL. ............................................................................ 123. 3.2.3.2. Yerel Yönetimler ..................................................................................... 125 øVWDQEXO%\NúHKLU%HOHGL\HVL$IHW.RRUGLQDV\RQ0HUNH]L 6LYLO7RSOXP.XUXOXúODUÕ. ................ 127. ......................................................................... 130 ’nin Afet. 0HYFXW6LVWHPLQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLgQFHVLQGH-DSRQ\DYH$%'. Yönetimi SistePOHULQH%LU%DNÕú...............132 3.3.1. Japonya’da Afet Yönetimi .......................................................................... 132 3.3.2. ABD’de Afet Yönetimi............................................................................... 134 'H÷HUOHQGLUPH. ............................................................................................ 137. 4. BÖLÜM: TÜRKøYE'DE KRøZ VE AFET YÖNETøMø UYGULAMASI ÖRNEöø: $ö867260$50$5$'(35(0ø'g1(0ø1'( <$3,/$1d$/,ù0$/$5,1'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø. 4.1. Depreme øliúkin Genel Bilgiler ...................................................................... 139 'HSUHP.DYUDPÕ. ........................................................................................ 139. $÷XVWRV0DUPDUD'HSUHPLQHøOLúNLQ*HQHO%LOJLOHU. 4.2. Deprem Döneminde YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar....................................................... 151 4.2.1. Durum Tespiti ve ølk Uygulamalar............................................................. 151 4.2.2. Arama ve Kurtarma ÇalÕúmalarÕ ................................................................. 153 4.2.2.1. Sivil Savunma Genel Müdürl÷nün ÇalÕúmalarÕ..................................... 153 7UN6LODKOÕ.XYYHWOHULQLQdDOÕúPDODUÕ. 4.2.2.3. Türkiye Taúkömürü Kurumu Genel Müdürl÷ (TTK) ve Maden Teknik Arama Genel Müdürl÷ (MTA) øle Di÷er Kamu KuruluúlarÕnÕn ÇalÕúmalarÕ ..... 155 4.2.2.4. FederasyonlarÕn ve øzcilerin ÇalÕúmalarÕ .................................................. 155 4.2.2.5. Arama ve Kurtarma Derne÷inin (AKUT) ÇalÕúmalarÕ .............................. 156 4.2.2.6. YabancÕ Kurtarma Ekiplerinin ÇalÕúmalarÕ............................................... 157 4.2.3. BarÕnma øhtiyacÕna Yönelik ÇalÕúmalar ...................................................... 157.

(6) 6. 4.2.3.1. Geçici BarÕnma Konusunda YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar ...................................... 157 4.2.3.1.1. ÇadÕrkentler.......................................................................................... 157 4.2.3.1.2. Prefabrike Konutlar .............................................................................. 169 4.2.3.1.3. Di÷er Olanaklar .................................................................................... 160 4.2.3.1. KalÕcÕ BarÕnma Konusunda YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar ....................................... 160 4.2.4. Sa÷lÕk Konusunda YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar........................................................ 161 4.2.4.1. Sa÷lÕk Hizmetlerinin Organizasyonu........................................................ 161 4.2.4.2. BulaúÕcÕ HastalÕklarla Mücadele ÇalÕúmalarÕ ............................................ 165 4.2.4.3. Çevre Sa÷lÕ÷Õ ve Su Kontrol Hizmetleri ................................................... 166 4.2.4.4. Ruh Sa÷lÕ÷Õ Hizmetleri ............................................................................ 166 4.2.5. Enkaz KaldÕrma ve Alt YapÕ Konusunda YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar..................... 168 4.2.5.1. Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürl÷nün ÇalÕúmalarÕ ................................... 168 4.2.5.2. BayÕndÕrlÕk ve øskan BakanlÕ÷Õ Bünyesinde YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar............... 168 4.2.5.3. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar BakanlÕ÷Õ Bünyesinde YapÕlan ÇalÕúmalar ...... 170 4.2.6. E÷itim, Kültür ve Sosyal Hizmetler KapsamÕndaki ÇalÕúmalar................... 171 4.2.6.1. E÷itim ve Kültür Hizmetleri .................................................................... 171 4.2.6.2. Sosyal Hizmetler ..................................................................................... 176 4.2.7. Deprem SonrasÕ Oluúturulan YapÕlanmalar ................................................. 177 4.2.7.1. Afet Bölge Koordinatörl÷ .................................................................... 177 4.2.7.2. Marmara Bölgesi Afet ønúaat Genel Koordinatörl÷ .............................. 178 4.2.7.3. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik AraútÕrmalar Kurumu (Tübitak).................... 178 4.3. Kriz. ve. Afet. Yönetimi. AoÕsÕndan. Yürütülen. Faaliyetlerin De÷erlendirilmesi .......................................................................... 179 4.3.1. 17 A÷ustos 1999 Öncesi Durumun De÷erlendirilmesi................................. 179 4.3.2. 17 A÷ustos 1999, Saat: 03.02 – Durum De÷erlendirmesi ........................... 185 4.3.3. 17 A÷ustos 1999 SonrasÕ Durumun De÷erlendirilmesi............................... 198 6218d9(g1(5ø/(5. ..................................................................................... 215. KAYNAKÇA........................................................................................................... 230 EKLER..................................................................................................................... 243 g=*(d0øù.

(7) 7. ÖZET %LOJL YH LOHWLúLP WHNQRORMLOHUL YH NUHVHOOHúPH WDPDPÕ\OD \HQL YH VUHNOL GH÷LúHQ HNRQRPLN VL\DVL YH VRV\DO ELU oHYUH RUWD\D oÕNDUPÕúWÕU YH NUL]OHUOH VÕN VÕN NDUúÕ NDUúÕ\D NDOPDN KÕ]OD GH÷LúHQ GQ\DGD ROD÷DQ ELU GXUXPGXU %X GR÷UXOWXGD VÕUDGDQ. \|QHWLP. VLVWHPOHULQLQ. NXOODQÕPÕ. LOH. NUL]OHUOH. EDúD. oÕNPDN. PPNQ. ROPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQ |QFHOLNOH \HULQGH ELU SODQD VDKLS ROPD NLPLQ QH \DSDFD÷ÕQÕ WDQÕPODPDYHoRNVD\ÕGDROD\LoLQX\JXODPD\DSÕOPDVÕDQODPÕQDJHOHQNUL]\|QHWLPL NDoÕQÕOPD]ELU\|QHWLPVUHFLGLU. %LOLQGL÷L JLEL NUL]OHUH \RO DoDQ SHN oRN QHGHQ EXOXQPDNWDGÕU YH WHPHO QHGHQOHUGHQ ELUL GH DIHWOHUGLU $IHWOHU GR÷DO DIHWOHU \D GD EHúHUL DIHWOHU RODUDN KHUKDQJL ELU ]DPDQGD RUWD\D oÕNDELOLU$VOÕQGDKHPNUL]OHUKHPGH DIHWOHUELUH\OHU |UJWOHU YH WRSOXPODU LoLQ N|W YH WHKOLNHOL GXUXPODUGÕU DQFDN EXQODU D\QÕ DQODPD JHOPHPHNWHGLU $IHW E\N RUDQGD KDVDUD KDWWD FDQ ND\ÕSODUÕQD \RO DoDELOHFHN ELU ROD\NUL]LVHWDPDPÕ\ODJoYH\DWHKOLNHOLQRNWDODUDX]DQDELOHFHNELUGXUXPGXU%X QHGHQOH ELU DIHW PH\GDQD JHOGL÷LQGH |QFHOLNOH DIHW \|QHWLPL DQ. cak durum daha. WHKOLNHOLYHNULWLNLVHNUL]\|QHWLPLX\JXODQPDOÕGÕU. %X GR÷UXOWXGD ³.UL] YH $IHW <|QHWLPL 7UNL\H gUQH÷L´ EDúOÕ÷ÕQÕ WDúÕ\DQ EX oDOÕúPD NUL] YH DIHW \|QHWLPLQL D\UÕ D\UÕ DoÕNODPDNWD YH DUDODUÕQGDNL LOLúNL\L RUWD\D NR\PDNWDGÕU 6RQUDVÕQ. da, Türkiye’deki kriz ve afet yönetimi, tarihsel süreci ve. NDQXQL oHUoHYHVL LOH HOH DOÕQPDNWD YH 7UNL\H¶GHNL VLVWHPLQ LúOH\LúLQH |UQHN RODUDN $÷XVWRV WDULKLQGH PH\GDQD JHOHQ GHSUHP G|QHPLQGHNL oDOÕúPDODUD \HU. verilmektedir. Özellikle, sistemin buJQH XODúPDVÕQGD ELU G|QP QRNWDVÕ RODQ EX GHSUHPVRQUDVÕQGDNLoDOÕúPDODUD\UÕD\UÕDoÕNODQDUDNNUL]YHDIHW\|QHWLPLDoÕVÕQGDQ DQD KDWODUÕ\OD GH÷HUOHQGLULOPLúWLU dDOÕúPDQÕQ VRQXQGD LVH 7UNL\H¶GHNL NUL] YH DIHW \|QHWLPLQHLOLúNLQHOGHHGLOHQVRQXoODUYH|QHULOHUVÕUDODQPDNWDGÕU. Anahtar Kelimeler: .UL]<|QHWLPL$IHW<|QHWLPL$÷XVWRV0DUPDUD'HSUHPL.

(8) 8. ABSTRACT Information and telecommunication technologies and. globalization have. created a completely new and constantly changing economic, political and social milieu, among these changes it is normal to frequently being faced with crisis on this rapidly changing world. In this direction, controlling crisis with using common management systems is not possible and so, crises management which means firstly having a plan in place, having identified who will do what, and having practiced the plan for most conceivable events is an evitable management process. As known as, there are a lot of reasons which cause to crises and one of the basic reason of crises is disasters. Disasters, natural disasters or man-made disasters, can strike any time. In fact, crises and disasters are both and dangerous situations for individuals, organizations and societies, also they are not the same meaning. A disaster is an event that results in great damage or death. A crisis is a situation that has reached an extremely difficult or dangerous point. So when a disaster occured, firstly, disaster management must be applied, but if the circumsitance is more dangerous and critical, crisis managemet must be applied. In this direction, this study named “Crisis and Disaster Management: Model of Turkey”, explains crisis and disaster management one by one and brings up the relationship between this factors. Than, the system of crisis and disaster management examines historical and legal perspective in Turkey and, the works reveals which were made after the earthquake in 1999, 17th August, as an example of the system working in Turkey, Especially, these works which were a turning point for the system, explains one by one and brings up with main subjects by the side of crisis and disaster management. As a conclusion, results and suggestions counts about Turkey’s crisis and disaster management. Keywords: Crisis Management, Disaster Management, Marmara Earthquake on 17 August 1999..

(9) 9. KISALTMALAR a. g. e. a. g. m. a. g. r. a. g. y. ABD AKOM AKUT BM B27$ù DAK DASK DE- SE- YA DLH DPT. DGÕJHoHQHVHU DGÕJHoHQPDNDOH DGÕJHoHQUDSRU DGÕJHoHQ\|QHWPHOLN $PHULND%LUOHúLN'HYOHWOHUL. : Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi $UDPDYH.XUWDUPD'HUQH÷L %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHU %RUX+DWODUÕøOH3HWURO7DúÕPD$QRQLPùLUNHWL 'R÷DO$IHWOHU$UDPD.XUWDUPD 'R÷DO$IHW6LJRWDODUÕ.XUXPX. : Deprem- Seyelan-<DQJÕQ 'HPLU\ROODUÕ/LPDQODU+DYD0H\GDQODUÕ 'HYOHW3ODQODPD7HúNLODWÕ. '6ø. : DeYOHW6XøúOHUL. ('$ù. (OHNWULN'D÷ÕWÕP$QRQLPùLUNHWL. FCO FEMA ICM ICS. : Federal Coordination Officer : Federal Emergency Management Agency : Institute For Crisis Management : Information and Communication System ø%% :øVWDQEXO%\NúHKLU%HOHGL\HVL. ø(77. øVWDQEXO(OHNWULN7UDPYD\YH7QHOøúOHWPHOHUL. ø*'$ù. øVWDQEXO*D]'D÷ÕWÕP$QRQLPùLUNHWL. ø7h. øVWDQEXO7HNQLNhQLYHUVLWHVL. KHK. : Kanun Hükmünde Kararname. .ø7. .DPXøNWLVDGL7HúHNNO. .2%ø. MEER MGK MTA NATO NIMS NLA OGM OHAL PTT SHÇEK SSK SYDTF TBMM TCDD TCK. : Küçük ve Orta B\NONWHNLøúOHWPHOHU : Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction Project : Milli Güvenlik Kurulu 0DGHQ7HNQLN$UDPD*HQHO0GUO÷. : North Atlantic Treaty Organization : National Information Management System : National Land Agency 2UPDQ*HQHO0GUO÷ 2OD÷DQVW+DO 7UNL\H3RVWDYH7HOJUDI7HúNLODWÕ*HQHO0GUO÷. : Sosyal Hizmetler Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu : Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu 6RV\DO<DUGÕPODúPDYH'D\DQÕúPD\Õ7HúYLN. Fonu. : Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 7UNL\H&XPKXUL\HWL'HYOHW'HPLU\ROODUÕ 7UNL\H&XPKXUL\HWL.DUD\ROODUÕ*HQHO0GUO÷. 7($ù. 7UNL\H(OHNWULNhUHWLPYHøOHWLP$QRQLPùLUNHWL. 7('$ù. 7UNL\H(OHNWULN'D÷ÕWÕP$QRQLPùLUNHWL. TEK. : Türkiye Elektrik Kurumu.

(10) 10. THY. 7UN+DYD<ROODUÕ. 7.ø. 7UNL\H.|PUøúOHWPHOHUL*HQHO0GUO÷. TRT TSK TTK. : Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu. 7h%ø7$.. U.S. UNICEF USGS. 7UN6LODKOÕ.XYYHWOHUL 7UNL\H7DúN|PU.XUXPX*HQHO0GUO÷. : Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik$UDúWÕUPDODU.XUXPX : United States : United Nations Children’s Fund : United States Geological Survay.

(11) 11. TABLOLAR Tablo 1:(WNLQ.UL]<|QHWLPLQLQ%LOHúHQOHUL................... Tablo 2: Krizin Evreleri.......................................................................................... Tablo 3:.UL]6HQDU\RODUÕQÕQ+D]ÕUODQPDVÕ Tablo 4:.UL]3ODQÕ Tablo 5:.UL]<|QHWLP6UHFLQHøOLúNLQ<DNODúÕPODU Tablo 6:gUJWOHUH(WNL(GHQøoYH'Õú)DNW|UOHU Tablo 7:ø]OHQPHVL*HUHNHQ2ODVÕ.UL].D\QDNODUÕ Tablo 8:.UL]6UHFLQLQøúOH\LúL............................... Tablo 9:7LSLN%LU.UL]$NÕúÕ Tablo 10:.UL]øOHWLúLPL<|QHWLPL...... Tablo 11:.UL]6RQUDVÕ5HKDELOLWDV\RQ)DDOL\HWOHUL Tablo 12: Afet Yönetiminin Evreleri...................................................................... Tablo 13: Kriz Hallerinde <|QHWLPYH%LULPOHULQ$UDODUÕQGDNLøOLúNLOHUL. 23 24 26 29 34 35 37 39 42 45 55 57. *|VWHUHQ<DSÕ 99 Tablo 14:%\NONYHùLGGHWOHULQH*|UH'HSUHPOHU............ 141 Tablo 15: Dünyada Meydana Gelen Depremler (1903- 1999)............................... 142. Tablo 16: Türkiye'de Meydana Gelen Depremler (1901- 1999)............................ 144 Tablo 17:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGH$ODQ1IXVYH.RQXWODUÕQ(WNLOHQPH ùLGGHWLQH*|UH'XUXPX 147 Tablo 18:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGHQ(WNLOHQHQøOOHULQ1IXVODUÕYH1IXV <R÷XQOXNODUÕ................................................................................ 147 Tablo 19:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGHgOHQOHULQøOOHUH*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ 148 Tablo 20:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGH.RFDHOLøOLQGHgOHQYH<DUDODQDQODUÕQ 6D\ÕVÕ 148 Tablo 21:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGH+DVDU*|UHQ.RQXWODUÕQYHøú\HUOHULQLQ øOOHUH*|UH'D÷ÕOÕPÕ............................................................. 150 Tablo 22:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGHQ6RQUD<DUGÕPD*HOHQ<DEDQFÕ$UDPD YH.XUWDUPD(NLSOHULQLQ3HUVRQHO6D\ÕODUÕ 157 Tablo 23:$÷XVWRV'HSUHPLQGHQ6RQUD'HSUHPGHQ(QdRN(WNLOHQHQ '|UWøOLQ6D÷OÕN.XUXOXúODUÕQÕQ+DVDU'XUXPX 162.

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(17) .DPX <|QHWLPLQGH dD÷GDú <DNODúÕPODU. <D\ÕQODUÕ$QNDUDV. 3. Burhan AYKAÇ, a. g. m. , s. 124..

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(47) . 21. 6RQXoRODUDNV|\OHQHELOLUNLDFLOGXUXPNDYUDPÕUXWLQGHQ|QHPOLDQFDNDIHW NDYUDPÕQD J|UH GDKD D] |QHPOL GXUXPODUÕ LIDGH HWPHN LoLQ NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU &DQ ND\EÕ \DUDODQPD \DSÕVDO YH \DSÕVDO ROPD\DQ IL]LNVHO KDVDUODU oHYUHVHO ]DUDUODU LOH. 15. Http:// www.atmosfer.itü.edu.tr/bildiriler/466.pdf. , 18.02. 2005. Oktay ERGÜNAY, “Acil YDUGÕP3ODQODPDVÕYH$IHW<|QHWLPL´Uzman Der Dergisi<ÕO6D\Õ 6- 7, (Nisan- Eylül 1999), s. 7- 14. 17 Http:// www.atmosfer.itü.edu.tr/bildiriler/466.pdf. , 18. 02. 2005. 18 Robert AVERY, Serap BEZMEZ vd. (Ed.), øQJLOL]FH – 7UNoH 5HGKRXVH 6|]O÷, Sev 16. 0DWEDDFÕOÕNYH<D\ÕQFÕOÕN%DVNÕøVWDQEXOV. 19. Sally WEHMEIER,. Oxford Wordpower Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Sixth Impression, 1994, s. 207. 20 Ziya SAK, Terms of Law and Politics, Anglo –$PHULFDQ3UHVVøVWDQEXOV 21 Abdullah YILMAZ, a. g. e. , s. 5..

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(51) ROGXNoD N|W ]DUDUOÕ YH\D EDúDUÕVÕ] NLúL. veya hal”23 RODUDN WDQÕPODQPDNWDGÕU 7RSOXPVDO \DúDPGD VUHNOL NDUúÕODúÕODELOHQ YH NLúLOHULQ \DúDPÕQGD KHP PDGGL KHP GH PDQHYL RODUDN GHULQ HWNLOHU \DUDWDELOHQ ELU ROJXRODQDIHWOHUWRSOXPODUÕQ|UJWOELUELoLPGHKD]ÕUOÕNOÕROPDODUÕJHUHNHQoHYUHVHO YH VRV\DO VRUXQODUÕQ EDúÕQGD JHOGLNOHULQGHQ |]HOOLNOH \|QHWLP OLWHUDWUQGH GH SHN oRNNH]WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU. 24. %XQODUD|UQHNRODUDNúXWDQÕPODUÕQYHULOPHVLPPNQGU. ³$IHW LQVDQODU LoLQ IL]LNVHO HNRQRPLN YH VRV\DO ND\ÕSODU GR÷XUDQ QRUPDO \DúDPÕ YH LQVDQ IDDOL\HWOHULQL GXUGXUDUDN YH\D NHVLQWL\H X÷UDWDUDN WRSOXOXNODUÕ HWNLOH\HQGR÷DOWHNQRORMLNYH\DLQVDQ\DSÕVÕN|NHQOLROD\GÕU´. 25. ³$IHWOHU EHOLUOL ELU E|OJHGH ROXúDQ NRQWURO DOWÕQD DOÕQDPD\DQ YH PH\GDQD JHOGLNOHULE|OJHQLQGÕúÕQGDNLE|OJHOHULoLQGHWHKOLNHROXúWXUDQROD\ODUGÕU´. 26. ³$IHWOHUGHSUHPOHUNDVÕUJDODUKRUWXPODUXoDNND]DODUÕSDWODPDODUYHE\N oDSWDERPEDODUJLELoRNVD\ÕGD\DUDODQPDYH|OPOHUOHEHUDEHUE\NoDSWDIL]LNVHO WDKULSOHUOHVRQXoODQDQROD\ODUGÕU´. 27. 22. Http://www.akut.org.tr. , 10. 11. 2005. Sally WEHMEIER, a. g. e. , s. 181. 24 Abdullah YILMAZ, a. g. e. , s. 2. 23 25. 6 (PUH $.'$ö 0DOL <DSÕ YH 'HQHWLP %R\XWODUÕ\OD $IHW <|QHWLPL 6D\ÕúWD\ $UDúWÕUPD. Dizisi: 20, Ankara, 2002, s. 9. Abdullah YILMAZ, a. g. e. , s. 2. 27 Alan M. LEVITT, Disaster Planning and Recovery, John Wiley and Sons Inc. , USA, 1997, s. 41. øQFHOHPHdHYLUL. 26.

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