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臺北市子宮頸抹片檢查陽性個案求醫行為相關因素探討

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臺北市子宮頸抹片檢查陽性個案求醫行為相關因素探討

楊鎧玉;陳靜敏;林佳靜;李龍騰

Abstract

本研究旨在探討臺北市子宮頭抹片檢查陽性婦女對子宮頸癌與抹片的認知、行動線索、自覺症狀 嚴重程度、健康控握信念和求醫行為之相關因素。本研究採用橫斷式相關性研究設計,以隨機分 層取樣法選取臺北市30 歲以上抹片結果CIN I以上陽性個案,以結構式問卷郵寄 553 份問卷, 實得有效問卷135 份(回收率 26%)。研究結果以SPSS 10.0 進行統計分析。研究對象平均年 齡為47.43 歲,經濟狀況中上,以高中以上、有宗教信仰、已婚、家管者居多;對子宮頸癌與 抹片相關認知率可達73%;平均接受到 3.41 類訊息來源而決定去求醫;以自覺陰道分泌物(白 帶)的婦科症狀盛行率最高,但並不覺得嚴重;在健康控握信念方面,以內控信念得分最高 (M=3.75, SD=0.38)。平均接獲抹片報告時問約一週,而抹片結果有七成以上為「發現異常 細胞」,因此幾乎所有的人(97.8%)皆選擇接受治療,其中有 69.7%皆在一週內就開始治療, 且以西醫最多(130 人),而選擇該類型治療的理由以「治療的技術與效果」為主。由相關性分 析得知,婦女的社會人口學特性與其對子宮頸癌及抹片的相關知識、行動線索、自覺症狀嚴重程 度皆無顯著相關;但健康控握信念之內控信念會因宗教信仰有顯著差異,權威外控與結婚與否, 機運外控與經濟狀況有顯著相關,而年齡也與前兩者呈現正相關,表示年齡越大,越傾向是外控 型人格特質。已求醫者在接獲抹片報告後選擇去治療的時間與宗教信仰有關。而治療類型(純西 醫或其他治療)與知識得分及求醫時間有顯著相關。研究結果顯示有求醫者才較有意願填答並回 寄問卷,因此如何針對未就醫族群,進行進一步介入性措施研究探討,應可作為建構我國婦女保 健預防政策之重要參考。

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